introducing innovation

Innovations in Broadcast Technology

that Upgrade the Quality of Performance

Dr. Essam Nasr SelimCollege of CommunicationSharjah University

Dr.Essam N. Selim - Innovations in Broadcast Technology 05/03/2023

THERE IS MUCH MORE TO THE DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING WORLD THAN YOU MIGHT THINK.

Future Vision of Broadcasting

Future Vision of Broadcasting

Convergence & Integration

Content Competitiveness

Overview


When looking back at this past decade, it has been a period of time marked by continuous and innovative development in communication technology.

This innovative development of technology has made it possible to discuss and prepare for the Interactivity Age.

So, what do we mean when we mention the Interactivity Age?

For us, the “Interactivity Age” means a communication environment in which any informational service is available to anyone through any device or network without any limitations of space and time.

Interactivity Age


Several characteristics describe the current environment of broadcasting services: Ubiquity, Access ability, Convenience, Localization, Personalization, etc.

These characteristics mean that we are now able to distribute and access more information than ever before, with a level of personal interaction never thought imaginable in communication media.

Gone is the analog broadcasting era with its one-way communication system; here now is the new digital media era, in which the communication pattern is rapidly changing and constantly improving the two-way communication system.

Characteristics of Current Broadcasting

The innovative

development of

broadcasting technology

has caused a massive

change in the present

broadcasting

environment.Dr.Essam N. Selim - Innovations

in Broadcast Technology 05/03/2023

At the heart of innovation in broadcasting technology is the convergence between broadcasting and telecommunication technology, a convergence which has made the present multicasting environment possible.

The broadcasting environment of the future will have a theme of co-existence: content, network and service-providers will all co-exist, while actively competing against each other.

Service-Provider

s

Network

Content

Broadcasting and Telecommunication Technology


One can say that providing viewers with high

quality programming is the most basic mission of

broadcasting. Thus, as it has in the past

and the present, the most important factor in the communication process between communicator

and viewers in the future broadcasting environment

will remain programming content.

Under the new circumstances of

multimedia and multichannel, Viewers now have a greater number of choices when it

comes to meeting their needs. In response, broadcasting

companies need to improve their program competitiveness. So, in the unlimited

competitiveness structure of the multicasting environment, the focus should always be on

how to produce better high quality programs and more effective ways to deliver

them to their viewers.

Content /Quality or BOTH ??


Reacting to the demands or needs of viewers

WE NEED A MUCH MORE CONTENTS-CENTRIC STRATEGY

AND IDEA TO PREPARE FOR THE SCENARIO OF “CHANNELS

ARE UNLIMITED, BUT THE CONTENT IS LIMITED.”

The future broadcasting technology will depend on the quality of broadcasting contents and how quickly and effectively broadcasting can react to the demands or needs of its viewers. Dr.Essam N. Selim - Innovations


Identity Establishment


Due to the appearance of new media, such as cable, satellite, digital media, etc., we are now living in a multimedia, multichannel environment.

This innovative development of communication technology has made us redefine the concept and substance of broadcasting and rethink the function and role of broadcasting.

Under these circumstances, we need to sincerely think about broadcasting's identity, function and social value.

Identity Establishment

Multimedia Multichannel Environment

Digital Media

CABLESSatellite


In the ubiquitous broadcasting environment, there are several potential negative side effects. Privacy, for one, will be a bigger concern in the future. They need to protect the private information of their viewers. Along those lines, they must make sure proper security systems are in place to protect software and hardware from dangers like viruses and hackers.

Promote Digital Media

Privacy

SOFTWARE

Security Systems

HardwareDr.Essam N. Selim - Innovations


In the process of preparing for

the future of broadcasting, they

also have to seriously consider

the possible negative social

effects new broadcasting technology may have.

We need to find ways to avoid

and prevent the informational

gap not only among people, but

also among nations. In this regard, We must strive to

have measures in place to promote education toward digital

media. It will be an important duty for

Media experts to contribute to

the cause of media literacy.

Share and Opportunities.


Negative Social Effects

Avoid and Prevent

Informational Gap

People and Nations

3D Virtual studio

05/03/2023Dr.Essam N. Selim - Innovations

in Broadcast Technology

2 EXAMPLES

INTERACTIVE TELEVISION

http://sir.jrc.it/3d/3DVirtualStudio/VirtualStudio.html

A Virtual studio is a television studio that allows the real-time combination of people and computer generated environments and objects in a seamless, Virtual reality-like manner.

A key point of a virtual studio is that the camera can move freely in 3D space.

Virtual studio


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_studio

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality

There exist many technical solutions for creating virtual studios, but most of them include the following components:

Camera tracking that uses either optical or mechanical measurements to create a live stream of data describing the exact perspective of the camera.

Real-time rendering software, that uses the camera tracking data and generates a synthetic image of a television studio.

A video mixer, which combines the video from the camera with the video from the real-time rendering software to produce a final video output. One of the most common ways to mix the video to replace a chroma key background.

Creating Virtual Studios


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_key

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_key

A major difference between a virtual studio and the bluescreen special effects used in movies is that the computer graphics is rendered in real-time, removing the need for any post production work, and allowing it to be used in live broadcasts.

Virtual Studio can easily be integrated into any existing studio.

Virtual Studio OR Bluescreen


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluescreen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluescreen

The 3D Virtual Studio set-up is constituted of:

a blue room, including blue colored mock-ups of the furniture (chairs) present in the 3D model.

The 3D Virtual Studio set-up






A colour TV camera with a wide angle lens;

High-precision position measurement arm (FARO).

A robotic arm with high precision digital encoders in each joint.

The arm’s control box computes the position of the end-effector;

Colour TV camera


2 PCs and a SGI

O2 graphical wor

kstation connect

ed to the interne

t.



PCs






A video mixer using blue-screening techniques for multiplexing between the primary (TV camera) and secondary (PC graphic board) video channels;



video mixer

Virtual studio technology can be used in several types of applications, such as TV productions, cinema productions, virtual advertisement, and so on.

The purpose of this technology is to create a realistic look of images obtained by integrating real and computer-generated audio/video entities.

Several Types of Applications


The virtual studio technology is available now at many of TV studios.

This is due to its state-of-the-art camera tracking system, the high quality, real-time rendering tools of the 3D virtual scenes and to the efficient, developed software system at the core of the virtual studio, which were already used successfully in several productions.

AVAILABLE NOW


One of these applications is related to virtual studios for TV productions, which are a further extension of the traditional blue-box, or blue-screen technology.

The purpose is to create the impression that the moderator is moving and speaking in a virtual world.

Virtual sets can be graphically generated with the help of 3D modeling tools.

Virtual studios offer a large number of new options

EXTENSION OF BLUE-SCREEN TECHNOLOGY.


Numerous television stations have recognized the advantages of this production technology and are using it in a large number of programs.

An example of this is newscasts or weather reports.

Virtual studios are also used a great deal in filmmaking to mix computer animation with real images.

Virtual studio and television


Virtual studios offer a large number of new options.

Objects can be floated in the air, animation can be integrated in real time to create more dynamic situations.

Connections can be created with interactive interfaces such as the internet which can have a direct influence on the set.

In the past there was quite a bit of reserve about using virtual studio technology, but now television stations are coming to recognize their potentials more and more.

The trend is towards more interactivity and producers are beginning to use the potentials this technology has more and more in new programming concepts.

Virtual sets and their potentials


With a virtual studio, the static background is replaced by a dynamic, computer-generated, three-dimensional background . The foreground camera is then free to move but must be "tracked" so that the background can be generated with the proper perspective.

Static and Dynamic Background


http://viswiz.gmd.de/DML/vst/gallery.html

http://viswiz.gmd.de/DML/vst/gallery.html



Interactive TV

Definitions of Interactive Television


Interactive television describes any number of efforts to allow viewers to interact with television content as they view.

It is sometime called interactive TV, iTV, idTV or ITV (not to be confused with the British Independent Television network).



Interactive television

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV

May be Known as


ONE ITV, iTV, i-TV, ETV,

eTV, Enhanced TV, Transactional Television, Fully Interactive TV, Interactive Digital Television, Interactive TV, Synchronous Programming,Broadband IP Convergence, Interactive Cable, Interactive Video, Enriched TV, Enhanced Broadcasting, Advanced Interactive TV, TVs with Interactive Programming

TWO Looser but at least

substantial association with: Web TV, WEB Enhanced TV, Internet TV, Internet Television, Interactive Mobile TV, Individualized ViewingTotal ITV, Fully Interactive Television, Fully Interactive TV, Advanced TV, Multiplexed TV viewing, Full-service Integrated Interactive TV, Customized, Individualized or Personalized TV ,Real-time Companion Programming

THRE

E

Net TV, Online TV, Internet on TV, Web-over Television Services, Web-accessed TV, TeleWeb, TV-based Web Browsing, TV Based Browsing, TV Internet SystemInternet Protocol Multicasting, IP Multicast, BusinessTV, Videoconferencing {videophone}

34.1 million households subscribe to iTV service

Expected to reach 69 million by 2009.

Interactive Television


2005 34.1

million households

200969 million

more than half of U.S. TV household

State of Interactive TV 2005 report

sluggish advertising

trends

•that are changing TV economics

changing demographic

s

impact of technolog

i

•that shift control of the TV schedule away

from media companies and to the consumer

The battle is being fueled by these factors


The future of TV watching

Three factors are associated with future market develops


ONE •The regulative environment

TWO •The structure of the competitive landscape

THREE •The consumer behavior



General types of Interactive Television:

(1) 2-screen iTV where you interact with the TV programming on a "screen" other than the TV. So

you'd be watching the television but interacting using personal

computers, media centers, phone (or other electronic devices such as PDAs). Text messaging is very popular when the phone is used.

(2 )Single-screen iTV - When the program’s interactive

enhancements are accessible using your set-top box, TV system

etc .

(3) Internet TV( Broadband TV- ) (Interactive Television over the

Internet) - The Internet/web is inherently interactive and as long as interactive television in the United

States and elsewhere is hampered by incompatible delivery systems and/or receivers, Interactive Television over

the Internet has become attractive .

http://www.itvdictionary.com/2_screen_itv.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/2_screen_itv.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/integrated_tv.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/definitions/single-screen_itv_definition.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/definitions/single-screen_itv_definition.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/set-top_box.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/internet_tv_directory.html



1. The program credits could be available anytime during the show instead of only at the beginning and/or end. 2. At anytime find out who an actor/actress is that you're watching and more information about him/her.3. At anytime find out the location of a particular scene and information on how it was filmed.4. Get scores, highlights and game summaries whenever you want.5. Customized and localized information (such as news, weather and sports).

17 .Interactive betting.18. Answer trivia questions in real time during a TV

show – Prove your knowledge and win prizes by answering questions correctly.

19. Ability to switch camera angles. (Interactive Multi-Camera-Angle Events, this is most

popular for sports).20. Interactive video magazines

6. While viewing one program, you can keep abreast of specifics of other TV program(s), including sports.7. Home banking.8. Home shopping.9. Electronic Program Guides/Interactive Program Guides10. Polls/Surveys – Make your vote count during a program (or after) without having to pay for a toll call or log onto a special computer.

11 . Interactive Game Shows – Play along and/or compete with others.

12. Interactive Sports (which can include the ability to watch an event from your choice of camera angles.) You

may also have the choice of different audio tracks.13. Local/regional/national weather and traffic.

14. Interactive advertising, infomercials, advergaming.15. Videoconferencing.16. Distance learning .

Things you can do with (ITV)

http://www.itvdictionary.com/pov.html

Many expect television's longer term future to be Internet TV and the countless millions of channels it could offer, including people's own personal channels. Imagine, you want to watch a particular actor/actress, or a type of programming theme, lets say car crashes, you enter that into your video search engine and it comes up with shows and/or video clips concerning that subject. Probably you would have already pre-programmed your Digital Video Recorder (DVR) or computer to have searched for and recorded on it's hard drive, that particular type of programming. Your DVR or computer could of course check regularly, automatically seeing if any new related programming is available, recording it and alerting you. With the convergence of broadband and a mandated digital TV infrastructure, the possibilities are extreme.



Interactive TV or Internet TV??

http://www.itvdictionary.com/internet_tv_directory.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/personal_tv.html

The television is more associated with relaxed viewing (“sitting-back" or "leaning back”) while the PC is more associated with working, ("sitting-up" or "leaning forward”). The argument is that most would rather sit back in a comfortable chair and watch video on a television screen rather than watch video on any other electronic device including a PC. Also watching a television can be more of a social event, a better homogenizer for couples and the home. Many electronic devices aid in transferring content from the Internet to the TV.



PC screen or TV screen ??

Current and future iTV in your area will include

Electronic Program Guides,

Web-page-style screens,

Electronic Storefronts, nformation Tickers, Walled Gardens, Polls, Interactive Advertisin

g and more.



http://www.itvdictionary.com/epg_ipg.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/epg_ipg.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/e.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/walled_gardens.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/p.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/itvadv.html

http://www.itvdictionary.com/itvadv.html

It represents a continuum from low interactivity (TV on/off, volume, changing channels) to moderate interactivity (simple movies on demand without player controls) and high interactivity in which, for example, an audience member affects the program being watched.

A return path to the program provider is not necessary to have an interactive program experience. Once a movie is downloaded for example, the controls will probably all be local. The only link needed was to download the program.

low interactivity

moderate interactivity

high interactivity



Definitions of Interactive Television

The simplest, Interactivity with a TV set is the one that is already very successful.

This got its first big jump with the use of the remote control to enable channel surfing behaviors, and has evolved to include video-on-demand, VCR-like pause, rewind, and fast forward, and DVRs, commercial skipping and the like.

It does not change any content ,only how we control the viewing of that content

Calling the simple use of a remote control to turn TV sets on and off as an example of interactivity is like saying turning the pages of a book makes the book interactive.



Interactivity with a TV set

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-on-demand

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCR

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorder

Interactivity with TV program content is the one that is "interactive TV", but it is also the most challenging to produce.

This is the idea that the program, itself, might change based on viewer input.

Advanced forms, which still have uncertain prospect for becoming mainstream, include dramas where viewers get to choose plot details and endings.

Simpler forms, which are enjoying some success, include programs that directly incorporate polls, questions, comments, and other forms of (virtual) audience response back into the show



Interactivity with TV program content

The least understood, Interactivity with TV related content may have most promise to radically alter how we watch TV over the next decade.

Examples include getting more information about what is on the TV, whether sports, movies, news, or the like. Similar (and most likely to pay the bills), is getting more information about what is being advertised, along with the ability to buy it -- this is called "tcommerce" (short for "television commerce").

In the coming months and years, there will be no need to have both a computer and a TV set for interactive television as the interactive content will be built into the system via the next generation of set-top boxes.



Interactivity with content that is related to what is on TV

Today, two-screen interactive TV is called either 2-screen (for short) or "Synchronized TV" and is widely deployed around the US by national broadcasters with the help of technology offerings from certain companies. One-screen interactive TV generally requires special support in the set-top box, but two-screen synchronized ITV applications generally do not, relying instead on Internet or mobile phone servers to coordinate with the TV.



Two-screen interactive TV

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set-top_box

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

Some interactive television projects are consumer electronics boxes which provide set-top interactivity, while other projects are supplied by the cable television companies (or multiple system operator, or MSO) as a system-wide solution. Some examples of interactive television include:



Interactive television projects