Introduction to Animals

Section 1 – Characteristics of All Animals

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Animals

Invertebrates

(animals without a backbone)

PoriferaCnidariaWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods

Animals

Vertebrates-

Animals

with backbones

FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals

Animal Groups

Characteristics of ALL Animals:

1. Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles

2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms

3. Are ____________________ made of many cells

4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs

EUKARYOTES

HETEROTROPHIC

MULTICELLULAR

SPECIALIZATION

Characteristics of ALL Animals:

5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle)

for food, find mates, escape danger

6. Contain _____________

which carries the genetic code

7. ____________________

Make offspring

Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)

MOVE

REPRODUCE

DNA

10 Body Systems :1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING

(fur, skin, scales, feathers)

INTEGUMENTARY

Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss

10 Body Systems :

2. ________________

Breaks down food

to obtain nutrients

& gets rid of

undigested waste

DIGESTIVE

Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

Two openings: Most efficient

If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization(Different parts can start to do different jobs)

10 Body Systems :3. __________________

Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells

Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells

Circulatory fluid can be:

inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______

CIRCULATORY

CLOSEDOPEN

10 Body Systems :4. ___________________RESPIRATORY

Exchange gases with the

environment

•take in oxygen

•get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)

10 Body Systems :

5. ___________________

• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells

• Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance

(_________________________)

EXCRETORY

OSMOREGULATION

NITROGEN WASTE :

_________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY

Needs MOST water to dilute

_________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water

(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)

_________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to

dilute)

AMMONIA

UREA

URIC ACID

10 Body Systems :6. ___________________

Framework to support body/protection

Skeleton on inside = _______________

Skeleton on outside = _______________

SKELETAL

ENDOSKELETON

EXOSKELETON

10 Body Systems :7. _______________

Locomotion- move body itself

OR

move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)

MUSCULAR

10 Body Systems : 8. _____________________

Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________

REPRODUCTIVE

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________

10 Body Systems : ______________ DEVELOPMENT

immature LARVA looks different than adult

__________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults

INDIRECT

DIRECT

Sperm and egg join outside female’s body =___________________

Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________

External fertilization

Internal fertilization

9. ___________________

Receive sensory infoabout environment &

send response signals

NERVOUS

10. __________________

Make hormones that regulate other body systems

(only in higher animals)

ENDOCRINE

ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!DIGESTIVE WASTE

NITROGENWASTE

WHERE ITS MADE?

Body system used?

In what form?

made by cells from break down of proteins

Handled by excretory system

ammonia, urea, or uric acid

Feces (poop)

left over from undigested food

Handled by digestive system

Kinds of Symmetry

No symmetry

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

___________________No symmetry

Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.

ASYMMETRY

_______ Symmetry

Get 2 identical halves in several directions.

Radial

___________ Symmetry

If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images

BUT only divides equally in ONE direction

Bilateral

All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ

layers in their embryosEndoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory

Digestive system, respiratory

Outer skin, brain, nervous system

Types of Coeloms (See-lums)No cavity (space) around organs

ACOELOM = “without space”

Types of CoelomsSpace around organs but only lined with

mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)

PSEUDOCOELOM

Kinds of CoelomsEUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined

on BOTH sides by mesoderm

EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES

ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

3 Types of Coeloms

ectodermmesodermendoderm

ACOELOM

PSEUDOCOELOM

EUCOELOM

Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):

In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton

In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

Provides space for internal organs

Which way is up?

ANTERIORhead end POSTERIOR

tail end

DORSAL (top)

VENTRAL (underneath)

________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)

CEPHALIZATION