Introduction to APA ReferencingBSN5600

Te Puna Ako Learning Centre

At the end of the workshop you will be able to:

-Say what referencing is and why we do it -Describe the difference between in-text referencing and the reference list-Write a correct in-text reference-Write a citation for a reference list

APA Referencing System

What’s referencing? Referencing is a systematic way of

showing where you got the information and ideas in your assignment

APA - American Psychological Association - format is one of many referencing systems

Why is referencing needed?

• To recognise another person's work • To help a reader locate sources• To demonstrate depth of study• To include experts’ ideas as support• To avoid 'plagiarism' (writing other

people's ideas as if they were your own)

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Referencing wordsin-text reference

quotation sources reference list

plagiarism paraphrase

acknowledgementquotation marks

citation

APA referencing system

In-text references:

• in sentences in the body paragraphs

• show where you’ve used ideas or words of an expert

• May be paraphrases or quotes

• include name of author and year (and page no. if a quote)

Reference List:• on a separate page at

the end of the assignment

• list of materials you have referred to

• in alphabetical order by author

• Author may be individual(s) or group

APA (6th ed.)referencing

style

In-text(short form)

Direct quotations Paraphrases

Reference list(full details)

• Sample of essay with references

Direct Quoting

copying exactly the words of the author(s).

author's family name, year of publication, page number.

For example (Millar, 2006, p. 8)

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In-text referencing example (direct quote)

Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which “seeks to achieve competitive advantage through strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce” (Millar, 2006, p. 8). This suggests that …

Paraphrasingputting someone else's ideas or information into your own words WITHOUT changing the meaning of the original text.

page number is not required, but an in-text reference is!

Ulrich (1998) comments that survey research on the key competencies managers need will be necessary.

In-text referencesBefore the information:

Raoofi (2012) states “electronic marketing moderates the impact of market orientation on firm marketing competencies” (p. 15).

Discussing the link between technology and business, Daiem (2010) emphasises that computer use can save employers time in both technical work and administration.

In-text referencesAfter the information

“Computer use can save employers time in both technical work and administration” (Daiem, 2010, p. 10).

It seems that there is more emphasis on the production strategy factors than marketing factors as a means to gaining competitive advantage (Raoofi, 2012).

In- text referencing:

Paraphrasing:- ideas of experts in your own words- show your own understanding of the

writer’s ideas

- NEED REFERENCES

(Fan & Buxton, 2008).

- Use most

Quotation-exact copied chunks of text from experts

-NEED REFERENCES

(Fan & Buxton, 2008, p. 239).

-Use least <10 -20%

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• Activity to identify how in-text references are written

For 3 or more authors, cite all the first time, then put first author and et al. :

“With regard to social concerns, the use of credit cards in society has affected not only traditional consumers, but also vulnerable groups, such as college students, senior citizens, and disabled citizens” (Mansfield, Pinto & Robb, 2012, p. 1).

As mentioned earlier (Mansfield et al., 2012), credit cards could...

Using secondary sources

To quote something quoted or paraphrased from another work:

• Howe (2012) points out that the internet has grown from its first commercial use in the early 1990s to being used by 27% of the world's population in just under 20 years (as cited in Brosdah & Almousa, 2013).

•  

For groups that serve as authors, cite full name of organisation

- corporations, associations, government agencies and study groups

According to the Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI, 2013), ….

Subsequent in-text citations: (MPI, 2013)

The Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI)’s primary concern when developing the new import health standards was to ensure they would effectively manage the risk of diseases in New Zealand (MPI, 2013). As a result, more needs to be done to address the issue of...

Reference list: write in full: Ministry of Primary Industries

From a newspaper, put author, year of publication

and page number:

“There was also external input to the document from auditors, solicitors, trustees and the Ministry of Economic Development" (Anson, 2012, p. B1).

Unknown author: (e.g. newspaper or report)

Title of article, year and page number:

“The New Zealand dollar gained in local trading as consumer confidence improved” (“Dollar up on confidence", 2012, para. 3).

Interviews, Email, and Other Personal Communication

Unpublished, so:not included in your reference list; put full details in your main text only.(J. Knight, personal communication, March 12, 2013).

• Activity: identify referencing errors in the text

Integrating evidence from sources

• By quoting or paraphrasing (Note: summarising from a source is a form of paraphrase, so requires a reference)

• Using appropriate reporting verbs• Checking each reference is relevant to your

topic / idea• Writing about the ideas in the reference

Referencing in a paragraphThere is a wide variety of views on how HR departments can contribute to business growth. According to Brockbanck (2007), a successful HR department needs to be involved in framing not only HR strategy but also business strategy, promoting growth rather than downsizing. It therefore needs to be represented on the company’s leadership team. Moreover, Beer and Eisenstat (2006) emphasise the need for a comprehensive HR vision and future HR managers will require the skill to coordinate across functions. This suggests they need the ability to persuade others of the importance of effective employee management and development. Research by Eichinger and Ulrich (2010) point out that all the key competencies of successful leaders will be necessary for future HR roles.

examples of sentences

Edwards (2004) explains that improving racial equality in the workplace….

Brint (2001) believes that the knowledge economy is…

Becker (2005) defines ‘capital investment’ as ... “ (p. 23).

According to Coff (1997), coping with hazards in the workplace is….

A study by Stroh and Treehuboff (2003) shows that outsourcing HR functions can …

The Reference List

• What are the general guidelines?

• First, what kind of source material are you using?• Webpage?• Web article?• Pdf of journal article?• Book?• Chapter in an edited book? etc.

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Example: reference list entry for journal article

Millar, L. (2006). Leadership: The meaning of management. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 18(3), 234-239.

Pay attention to:

• Information required for different types of references

• Punctuation – use of full-stops, commas, capital letters

• Use of italics

• Format – hanging indent

Marketing for Hospitality & Tourism5th Edition Philip Kotler, John Bowen, James MakensJun 2009, Paperback, 720 pages ISBN13: 9780132453134ISBN10: 0132453134

How would you reference this?

Kotler, P., Bowen, J., & Makens, J. (2009). Marketing for hospitality and tourism (5th ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Pearson.

Referencing Electronic Sources

• electronic books • electronic journal articles • World Wide Web site or page/s • document on World Wide Web • electronic databases, either on CD-ROM or

accessed through the internet • software • bulletin boards, discussion groups• videos

A reference of an Internet source should provide:

• the author(s) of a document (surnames or organisation name)

• a date of publication or most recent update• a document title• Retrieved from:• the web address (http://www...............

The components of a URL:

Track back through the URL to find the organisation / author

Referencing from websites

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (2013, April 13). New agreement to encourage Chinese tourism. Retrieved from http://www.mbie.govt.nz/news-and-media/news-from-around-mbie/new-agreement-to-encourage-chinese-tourism

Article in Online newspaper

Parker, T. (2013, March 19). Mighty River share sign-ups hit 400,000. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10872452

Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary or Wiki

• Wiki:[A wiki (such as Wikipedia) is a website that any one can contribute to, by writing, reviewing or editing an entry.]

• In-text (“Stress testing”, 2008) • Is it acceptable to use wikis?Stress testing. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 15,

2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testing

• Activity: Match the entry for the reference list correctly

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Key points to improve your referencing skills (and therefore your assignment grades!):

• plan ahead• make effective notes from sources• reference your notes and drafts as you go• resist the temptation to ‘cut & paste’ from the internet• improve your paraphrasing and summarising skills• develop your referencing skills through repeated practice• refer to guidesheets and guidebooks on referencing skills

Referencing resources

Unitec Library pages: http://www.unitec.ac.nz/library2/help/citations.htm

Unitec Moodle: Te Puna Ako Learning Centre http://moodle.unitec.ac.nz

University of Auckland referencing websitehttp://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/index.php

FAQs on APA style website at http://www.apastyle.org

Perrin, R. (2009). Pocket guide to APA style. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Handouts available at Te Puno Ako© Unitec New Zealand 40

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Conclusion

Good luck with your academic writing and referencing!

Help is available! Contact Te Puna Ako Learning Centre Building 110 in Hub area

or 815 4321 extension 8611

Library tutorial includes use of DOI

• Library tutorial• Go to Library, look for APA• Then look at Referencing videos• I choose

Referencing Magazines & Newspapers using APA style

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csS3jPWgM0c&feature=youtu.be

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Assignment four and Five

• Assignment 4 Wordpress is open • Please complete this week but ok until early next

week• Assignment 5 NAT 1-3 Pathways Awarua 16 pax but

only six have started • Svetlana, Yuchan, Anita, Soojin, Shivam Wanging• Assignment 5 Critical reading and leave in Turnitin • Reading one - Six submission• Reading two- Five submissions

Assignment three

• Memo to your CEO• Covering letter and report to OVERSEAS CEO• Presentation after mid semester break• Mini lecture on Maori Business