Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Introduction to Botany. Lecture 37

Alexey Shipunov

Minot State University

December 2, 2011

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Outline

1 Questions and answers

2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae

3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Outline

1 Questions and answers

2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae

3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Outline

1 Questions and answers

2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae

3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Previous final question: the answer

Why angiosperms conquered the land?

They filled ecological niche of seed herbs because ofoptimized life cycleThen they expanded to the tree level again because theyblocked succession pathways («cenophobe» theory)

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Previous final question: the answer

Why angiosperms conquered the land?

They filled ecological niche of seed herbs because ofoptimized life cycleThen they expanded to the tree level again because theyblocked succession pathways («cenophobe» theory)

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Germination rate in non-angiosperms

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Archaefructus

Fossil water plant from lower Cretaceous of ChinaVery primitive fructifications which are not yet compactedin flowerMultiple free carpels, paired stamens

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Archaefructus reconstruction

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Amborella

Small forest shrub of New Caledonia (big island in Pacificocean)Have irregular flowers, stylar canal, unusual embryo sac(with three synergids and no antipods)

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Amborella, branch with male flowers

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Amborella, diagram and formula

∂P9−11A12−21; ∂P7−8St2G4−6(where “St”are staminodes, non-functional stamens)

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Amborella stylar canal

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Trithuria

Wetland and water plants from south Asia and AustraliaHave unusual structure of fructifications (“non-flowers”)where male organs typically positioned in the center of?inflorescence/flower

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Trithuria general view

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Magnoliidae

Trithuria fructification

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in general

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Main features of rosids

Pentamerous flowersOften diplostemony (two cycles of stamens)Often hypanthium (cup-like receptacle)Free petalsMost are trees

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Rosidae, or rosidsRanunculaceae—buttercup

family

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

General features of Ranunculaceae

≈ 2,000 speciesDistributed mostly in temperate regions of both Northernand Southern HemispheresGenerally, forest or meadow plants

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Morphology of Ranunculaceae

Mostly herbsVascular bundles sometimes scattered (as in monocots)Leaves are complicatedly dissected or compound,alternate, without stipulesFlowers solitary or in different raceme-like inflorescences;bisexual, mostly with infinite (> 12, irregular) number ofstamens and pistilsPetals originate from stamens, sometimes absentCarpels free, form multiple pistilsFruit is multiple follicle or multiple nutEmbryo very small, sometimes has one cotyledon

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus and Aquilegia

BK3−5C0−5−8A∞G1−∞

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Representatives of Ranunculaceae

Many ornamental plants, e.g., Ranunculus (buttercup),Aquilegia (columbine), AnemoneRanunculus and other genera are important component ofwet grasslands

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Ranunculus ficaria

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Blue anemones, Anemone

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Columbine, Aquilegia vulgaris

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Rosidae, or rosidsRosaceae—rose family

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Rosaceae

≈ 3,000 speciesNearly cosmopolitan, but more common to temperate andsubtropical regions of Northern HemisphereForest and meadow plants, do not prefer dry placesCompound or simple leaves with stipulesSubfamilies (formulae simplified):

Rosoideae (rose, strawberry, raspberry): BK5C5A∞G∞Spiraeoideae (spiraea, cherry, plum): BK5C5A∞G1Maloideae (apple, pear, hawthorn): BK5C5A∞G(5)

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Summary

Fossil Archaefructus, Amborella and Trithuria are mostprimitive angiospermsRanunculaceae is an example of flower stabilization

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Final question (3 points)

Why magnoliids are most primitive among flowering plants?

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

Final question (3 points)

Why magnoliids are most primitive among flowering plants?

Shipunov BIOL 154.37

Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids

Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family

For Further Reading

J. E. Bidlack, Sh. H. Jansky.Stern’s introductory plant biology. 12th edition.McGraw-Hill, 2011.Chapter 23.

Th. L. Rost, M. G. Barbour, C. R. Stocking, T. M. Murphy.Plant Biology. 2nd edition.Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.Chapter 25.

Shipunov BIOL 154.37