Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers

Lesson 1

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Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit

CPU

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8088 – 4.77 MHz – 8-16 bit – 19818086 – 4.77 MHz – 16-16 bit - 19818087 – math coprocessor add-on80286 – AT – 6-16 MHz – 198480287 – math coprocessor add-on80386 – 16-40 MHz – 32 bit – 198680387 – math coprocessor add-on

History of ProcessingHistory of Processing

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80486 “SX” 25-100 MHz – 1988 – 32 bit (coprocessor

80487 “overdrive” – math coprocessor add-on for “SX”

80486 “DX” 33-66 MHz with built in FPU – 32 bit

80586 Pentium I “P5” chip – 32/64 bit, 50-200 MHz with built in FPU – 1992

Pentium I MMX – 32/64 bit, multimedia extensions, 166-233 MHz – 1996

Pentium II – 32/64 bit with built in 128K L1 cache, 233-550 MHZ – 1997

Pentium III – 32/64 bit, 400 MHz – 1.3 GigaHz, 128K, L1 cache on die, 1st processor with dual pipeline ALU and accurate BPU

Pentium IV – 32/64 bit, 1.3-2.2 GigaHz, 1st processor with 256 K on die cache, dual BPU, dual pipeline instruction, 42 million transistors on ¾ inch square chip. Core voltage is 1.5 volts.

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History of ProcessingHistory of Processing

IBM PC/XT (5 ¼” DD)(dual drives, 5 Megabyte hard drive)

IBM PC/AT – 1985 (5 ¼” DD)(dual drives, 20 Megabyte Hard drive, EGA graphics)

PS/2 – 1987 (3 ½” DD)(20 Megabyte hard drive, labeled clone “killer” by IBM. Introduced propriety MCA Bus)

History of IBM ComputersHistory of IBM Computers

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MultimediaMultimedia

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Combination of video and audio and interaction between user and program.

Powering up of the computer system and successfully loading the operating system.

BootupBootup

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Puts information on disk so operating system knows where and how files are stored

Formatting a diskFormatting a disk

1. Keyboard (input device)2. Floppy Disk Drive (input or output)3. Printer (output)4. Monitor (output)5. Mouse (input)

I/O devicesI/O devices

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1. RAM2. Disk Drives (hard or floppy)3. CD-RW4. DVD-R/RW/RAM5. Solid-State Media6. “Digital Film”

Memory/StorageMemory/Storage

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The process by which the computer loads a program into memory and follows the instructions. Example: How Computers Work

Run a programRun a program

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