Introduction to Dept. of Communications & Computer Engineering (Part 2)

Mamoru YAMAMOTO

Research Insititute for Sustainable Humanosphere(RISH), Kyoto University

(Dept of Communications & Computer Engineering)

E-mail: yamamoto@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Kyoto University Clock Tower Building

August 2009

ICT Technologies

Internet, optical fiber and cellular system have made significant & incredible progress during last a few decades

High performance computing combined withBroadband Networks (optical fiber (backbone) + various wireless access systems) (in terms of coverage) , i.e., from mega-cell to body area network (BAN) or RFID tag.

Remote sensing: another aspect of ICT, used for social safety/security and environmental research. All contributing to the realization of so-called “ubiquitous network society”

Research Groups in Dept of CCE :

Computer EngineeringLogic Circuits, Algorithms and Complexity Theory (Iwama)Computer Architecture (Tomita-retired 2009)Computer Software (Yuasa)

Communications Systems EngineeringDigital Communications (Yoshida)Integrated-Media Communications (Morikura)Intelligent Communication Networks (Takahashi)

Integrated Systems EngineeringProcessor Architecture and Systems Synthesis (Takashi Sato)Integrated Circuits Design Engineering (Onodera)Advanced Signal Processing (Toru Sato)

Radio Atmospheric Sciences (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere)

Remote Sensing Engineering (Yamamoto)Atmospheric Observations (Tsuda)

Computer Science background

EEE Background

Processor architecture and systems synthesis lab.

PerformanceIntegrity

Availability

Hardware-based image-recognition, tracking, matching

Dynamic reconfigurableDynamic reconfigurablearchitecturearchitecture

Hardware-acceleratedLSI design

System LSI architecture and design methodology

Algorithms for real-world applications

Sensor-basedLSI testing

Digital cinema permanent archival system

Takashi Sato Lab.

Integrated Circuits Design Engineering Lab.

Analog/RF DesignHigh-speed on-chip/off-chip/optical signaling

Variation-aware DesignTest structures for variability characterization

Design

CAD

Analog DigitalDependable-VLSI Design

Design Technologies for Ultra-Scaled CMOS VLSIsDesign for: Variability, Reliability, Manufacturability, Low Power, High Speed, etc.

Design for ManufacturabilityRobust Fabric: Manufacturability-enhanced LibraryReliability modeling and optimization

Physical Design OptimizationLow-power design Statistical performance analysis and design

180nm 90 nm 65 nm

0 5

10 15

20 25

30 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

Freq[MHz]

Within-die variability in 90nm

12.5Gbps on-chip signaling

Manufacturability enhancement by regular layout

Onodera Lab.

High-resolution imaging withＵＷＢ (Ultra Wideband) radars• Developing fast imaging algorithms which have a

resolution of the order of 1/100 wavelength• Applications to vehicle collision avoidance and security

areas.

2.22

1.81.61.41.2

10.8

z

y x-2-1 0 1 2-2 -1 0 1 2

Target shape

Image obtained with the proposed algorithm. Axes are in the unit of wavelength at the center frequency.

Toru Sato Lab.

Our interest: Remote sensing of Atmosphere / IonosphereNear ground ~ 1000km alt.

Satellite remote sensingDirect (in-situ) measurements with balloon, aircraft and rocket

Ground-based radar and optical remote sensing

Radio Atmospheric Science Course

Remote Sensing Engineering Area (Yamamoto Lab.)Atmosphere Observations Area (Tsuda Lab.)

DelayDelay

Scattering

Scattering

Radiation

Radiation

2MHz2MHz 50MHz50MHz 800MHz

800MHz

1.3GHz

1.3GHz

1.2,-1. 6GHz

1.2,-1. 6GHz

11-12GHz

11-12GHz

35GHz

35GHz

Radio wave (Frequency) Optical wave (Wave length)

VisibleVisible

Mobile PhoneMobile Phone

Mobile PhoneMobile PhoneFM Radio,TV

FM Radio,TV

GPSGPS

ITIT

Reflection

Reflection

RefractionRefraction

AM Radio

AM Radio

2.4,5GHz

2.4,5GHz

SatelliteBroad-casting

SatelliteBroad-casting

Wireless LAN

Wireless LAN

GPS Occultation

GPS Occultation

GPS Meteorology

GPS Meteorology

Ionosonde(2-30MHz)

Ionosonde(2-30MHz)

Ocean wave radar (3-30MHz)

Ocean wave radar (3-30MHz)

Airborne SAR(1.3, 9 GHz‥）

Airborne SAR(1.3, 9 GHz‥）

95GHz

95GHz

Millimeter wave radar (35 GHz)

Millimeter wave radar (35 GHz)

Satellite Micro-wave radiometer (6,10,18,23, 35,50GHz‥)

Satellite Micro-wave radiometer (6,10,18,23, 35,50GHz‥)

Remote-sensingRemote-sensing

0.1-10

THz

0.1-10

THz

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet

Sub-millimeter radiometer

Sub-millimeter radiometer

Infrared 0.4-

15μm

Infrared 0.4-

15μm

Lidar (Rayleigh, Mie, Raman, Resonace)

Lidar (Rayleigh, Mie, Raman, Resonace)

UV, Visible radiometer

UV, Visible radiometer

Infrared Comm.

Infrared Comm.

DIAL lidar

DIAL lidar

Infrared radiometer

Infrared radiometer

THz sensor

THz sensor

RASS (Sound）

RASS (Sound）

Wind Profiler(50MHz, 400MHz)

Wind Profiler(50MHz, 400MHz)

AirplanceCloud radar(95GHz)

AirplanceCloud radar(95GHz)

Meteorological Radar (5, 9 GHz )

Meteorological Radar (5, 9 GHz )

Satellite Radar TRMM-PR

Satellite Radar TRMM-PR

The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radaroperated since 1984 at Shigaraki, Shiga

Antenna array (103 m diameter)：475 crossed Yagi antennas

Output: 46.5MHz, 1MW (peak power)

Time-height variations of wind velocity, temperature, humidity and atmospheric turbulence

Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), Installed in 2001 at Sumatra, Indonesia

Antenna (110 m, 560 crossed Yagi)Output: 47.0MHz, 100 kW (peak power)

0 500km

WIND PROFILER SITES

CONTROL CENTER (JMA HQ）

RADIOSONDE STATIONS

Operational wind profiler network over JapanWINDAS：Ｗind Profiler Network and Data Acquisition System

Data center

Data center/Weather model

31 LTRs are located and used for everyday weather forecasting.

Lower Troposphere Radar (LTR)

GPS Signals received on a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite are used for an active limb sounding of the atmosphere and ionosphere.

During a rising or setting of a GPS satellite (occultation), the radio rays between the GPS and LEO satellites successively scan the atmosphere (and the ionosphere) from the receiver height down to the surface. A refractive index profile can be retrieved from the time variations of the ray bending angles.

Bending AngleLEO Satellite

Tangent Point

GPS Satellite

Propagation Delay of GPS Signals

Determination of LEO Orbit

Bending of Radio Ray Path

Refractive Index Profile near the Tangent Point

Humi-dity

Tempe-rature

ElectronDensity

Data Assimilation Into NWP models

Basic Concept of GPS Occultation Measurement

Comparison of temperature profiles between the COSMIC GPS RO result (#49 and #50) and radiosonde at Kuching, Malaysia.Profiles are shifted by 5K each.

Temperature profiles with GPS RO have a height resolution comparable to a radiosonde, which is useful for the studies of the detailed structure of the tropopause, perturbations with atmospheric waves, etc.

#50

#49

Kuching

COSMIC

Radio beacon experiment of the ionosphere

Dual-band (150MHz/400MHz) beacon transmitted from satellite is received on the ground.Radiowave ray paths are bended from the shortest path depending at different frequency.Detecting phase difference between two signals, total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere can be estimated.

RaidowavepathShortest

path

Satellite

Ionosphere

Receiver on the ground

GNU Radio Beacon Receiver

We develop a digital beacon receiver by using the open hardware/software.

・ LINUX PC・ GNU Radio

Software toolkit for SDR (Software Defined Radio), a free software.

・ USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral, see picture)A/D + signal processing board well associated with GNU Radio.

Picture of USRPGNU Radio http://gnuradio.org/tracUSRP http://www.ettus.com

MF radar, PontianakWest Kalimantan(1995- ） U. Adelaide

Hemispheric ComparisonThe MU radar (Shigaraki), MF radar (Adelaide-U)

★

★

★

★

MF radar, Pameungpeuk (2004-)

Coordinated Observation of Equatorial Atmosphere Dynamics in Indonesia

Coordinated Observation of Equatorial Atmosphere Dynamics in Indonesia

Regional network in IndonesiaMeteor radar (Jakarta,

Koto Tabang), MF radar (Pontianak,

Pameungpeuk)

Equatorial Network Christmas Island,

Indonesia, India

Meteor radarJakarta (1992-)

MF radar

MF Radar at Tirunelveli, India (1992 - )

EAR: Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (2001 - ) Meteor Radar (2002 - )

SummaryCCE covers studies for designing and physical properties of LSI.(Takashi Sato lab., Onodera lab.)Another important use of ICT technology is remote sensing.(Toru Sato lab. + RISH labs)CCE holds two labs that belong to RISH. They do,

Development of various remote sensing techniques for the atmosphere/ionosphere.

MU radar, and Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (Indonesia)GPS occultation, Satellite beacon, Lidar, etc.

Study atmosphere dynamics by utilizing the instruments.Our studies contribute social safety/security, and

environmental research.Many instruments and observation sites are located in

Southeast Asian countries including Thailand and Vietnam.