WE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT IS THAT WHICH ENCOMPASSES ALL LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS OCCURRING NATURALLY ON EARTH.

ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

BIOTIC FACTORS

FACTORS

ENVIRONMENT

ABIOTIC

FACTORS

microbes , plants, animals & human being

soil , water , air,temperature

EARTH: AN ENORMOUS ECOSYSTEM

Three basic principle of ecology:

1. EVERYTHING IS RELATED TO EVERYTHING ELSE.

ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES

2. EVERYTHING MUST GO SOMEWHERE.

YOU CANNOT JUST THROW ANYTHING ANYWAY.

ONCE CREATED IT HAS TO BE DESTROYED IN A PROPER WAY.

ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES

3. NATURE KNOWS BEST.

DISRUPTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES.

FOOD CHAIN

HOW DO WE AFFECT ENVIRONMENT ?

DEFORESTATION URBANISATION

MINING

SOLID WASTE

INDUSTRIALISATION

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

POLLUTION IS THE INTRODUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT THAT CAUSES INSTABILITY TO THE ECOSYSTEM.

TYPES OF POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

RADIATION POLLUTION

EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS

FACTORS OF POLLUTANTS AFFECTING HEALTH

NATURE OF POLLUTANTS

CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS

STATE OF HEALTH OF RECEPTORS

AGE GROUP OF RECEPTORS

WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?

POLLUTANTS ARE GENERATED DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS

Air pollution

Direct inhalation

Water pollution

drinking water& fish

Settlement

Rain

Ground pollutionFood

Plants

animals

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

Inhalation

Skin contact

Ingestion

HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS

GLOBAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

SOLID WASTE: A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE IN KATHMANDU

Source:KMC,2001/2004

household 52%

business 20%

industrial 3%

institutional 9%

others 16%

THE TOTAL WASTE GENERATED IS 450TON/DAY.

TYYPES OF WASTE

QUANTITY/TON

ORGANIC 252

INORGANIC 135

TOXIC 9

OTHERS 54

DEALING WITH SOLID WASTE

SOLID WASTE

WASTE MANAGEMENTPOLLUTION

PREVENTION

THROWAWAY OR HIGH WASTE APPROACH

BURYING BURNING

LOW WASTE APPROACH

3R-PRINCIPLE

WASTE MANAGEMENT

INCINERATION

HEAVY METALS LIKE MERCURY, LEAD CADMIUM etc. REMAIN UNDESTROYED.

REDUCES WASTE BY ABOUT 70%.

COMBUSTION OF WASTE:

HARMFUL GASES LIKE DIOXINS, FURANS etc. ARE PRODUCED.

OPEN DUMPING CURRENT PRACTICE OF DISPOSAL IN NEPAL.

CHANCES OF EPIDEMICS.

WATER POLLUTION BOTH GROUND AND SURFACE.

EUTROPHICATION

3-R PRINCIPLE

REDUCE.THINGS THAT LAST LONGER,THINGS THAT CAN BE USED

MORE THAN ONCE.

REUSEPOLYTHENE BAGS,CLOTHING,SHOES,CONTAINERS ETC.

RECYCLE MANY ITEMS SUCH AS PLASTICS,PAPER,CANS

CAN BE RECYCLED TO USE AGAIN.

COMPOSTING

AEROBICALLY DECOMPOSED REMNANTS OF ORGANIC MATTER.

USED MAINLY IN AGRICULTURE AS SOIL CONDITIONER AND FERTILIZER

DAILY 252 TONS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS GENERATED IN KMC.

WHAT CAN WE DO??

ADOPT THE 3’R PRINCIPLE.

ENCOURAGE THE USE OF COMPOST

RATHER THAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER.

RAISE AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC

THROUGH VARIOUS TRAINING AND

INTERACTIVE PROGRAM.