introduction to integrated resource recovery center (irrc ... 1_2_waste conc… · presentation...

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Introduction to Integrated Resource Recovery Center (IRRC) Approach

Iftekhar Enayetullah,Co-Founder & Director

Waste Concern

National Workshop on Pro-Poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Secondary Cities:

Prospects for Application of Anaerobic Digestion To Treat MSW in Indonesia

13-14, November, 2014Jakarta, Indonesia

Presentation Outline

1. Overview of Waste Sector

2. Current Practice of Waste Management in the Region

3. What is IRRC Approach

4. Examples of IRRCs from Bangladesh

5. Benefits of IRRC Approach and Its Link with Sustainable Development

www.wasteconcern.org

Waste Generation Worldwide and in Developing Countries

It is estimated that 5.2 million tons of solid waste are generated daily worldwide,of which 3.8 million tons are from developing countries.

5.2 million tons/ day Worldwide

3.8 million tons/ day Developing countries.

Waste Generation

60-70% organic


Composition of Raw Waste (by wet weight)

Low Income Country

Middle Income Country

High Income Country

Vegetable/Putrescible % 40 to 85 20 to 65 7 to 55

Paper and Carton % 1 to 10 15 to 40 15 to 50

Plastic % 1 to 11 2 to 13 2 to 20

Metal % 1 to 5 1 to 5 3 to 13

Glass% 1 to 10 1 to 10 4 to 10

Rubber, Misc.% 1 to 3 1 to 5 2 to 12

Fines % (sand, ash, broken, glass) 15 to 50 15 to 40 5 to 20

Other Characteristics

Moisture % 40 to 80 40 to 60 20 to 35

Density in Trucks, Kg/C.M 250 to 500 170 to 330 120 to 200

Lower Heating Value, K Cal/Kg 800 to 1100 1000 to 1500 1500 to 2700

Global Perspective on Urban Solid Waste Characteristics


Source: World Bank ( 2012) “ What a waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management”

Global Perspective: Solid Waste Management Costs Versus Income

LOW INCOME COUNTRY

MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY

HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

Average WASTE GENERATION 0.2 t/capita/y 0.3 t/capita/y 0.6 t/capita/y

Average INCOME FROM GNP 370 $/capita/y 2,400 $/ capita/y 22,000 $/ capita/y

Collection Cost 10-30 $/t. 30-70 $/m. 70-120 $/t.

Transfer Cost 3-8 $/t. 5-15 $/t. 15-20 $/t.

Sanitary Landfill Cost 3-10 $/t. 8-15 $/t. 15-50 $/t.

TOTAL COST WITHOUT TRANSFER

13-40 $/m.t. 38-85 $/t. 90-170 $/t.

TOTAL COST WITH TRANSFER 16-48 $/t. 43-100 $/t. 105-190 $/t.

Total Cost per Capita 3-10 $/capita/y 12-30 $/capita/y 60-114 $/capita/y

COST AS % OF INCOME 0.7-2.6% 0.5-1.3% 0.2-0.5%


Source: World Bank ( 2012) “ What a waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management”

Disposal Costs by Alternative Technologies for Large Cities

LOW INCOME COUNTRY

MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY

HIGH INCOME COUNTRY

Average GNP 370 $/capita/y 2,400 $/capita/y 22,000 $/capita/y

OPEN DUMPING 0.5-2 $/ 1-3 $/t 5-10 $/t

SANITARY LANDFILL 3-10 $/t 8-15 $/t 15-50 $/t

TIDAL LAND RECLAMATION 3-20 $/t 10-40 $/t 30-100 $/t

COMPOSTING 5-20 $/t 10-40 $/t 20-60 $/t

INCINERATION 40-60 $/t 30-80 $/t 70-130 $/t

Country Income Group 2010 Cost 2025 Cost

Low Income Countries $1.5 billion $7.7 billion

Lower Middle Income Countries $20.1 billion $84.1 billion

Upper Middle Income Countries $24.5 billion $63.5 billion

High Income Countries $159.3 billion $220.2 billion

Total Global Cost (US$) $205.4 billion $375 billion


Source: World Bank 2013, What a Waste

Waste Bins Demountable Containers

PROBLEMS

Water PollutionSpread of Disease VectorsGreen House Gas EmissionOdor PollutionMore Land Required for Landfill

Mixed Waste

Transfer Stations

Present Situation in Developing Countries

Source of Waste

Landfill


LEACHATEPolluting Ground& Surface Water

VERMINSSpreading more than

40 Diseases

METHANE GASBad Odor &Green Housegas

Current approach: waste management not resource recovery…

PROBLEMS FROM PRESENT PRACTICE


Residents told to leave areas around burning Samut Prakan dump after toxic fumes detectedPROVINCIAL OFFICIALS ordered the evacuation of residents from about 1,500 homes in Samut Prakan after a fire at a local garbage dump yesterday was declared adisaster area, and toxic fumes spread to many parts of the province and nearby areas in Bangkok.

Samut Prakan, Thailand Dumpsite on Fire on Monday March 17, 2014

Samut Prakan, Thailand Dumpsite on Fire on Monday March 17, 2014

Strategy for Improvement (3R)

Composting/ Recycling

Avoid

Minimise

Dispose (controlled)

Dump

The Waste Management Hierarchy

Treat and Process

Dump

The Waste Management Hierarchy (Present Situation)

Dispose (controlled)

Treat and Process

Composting/ Recycling

Minimise

Avoid


80% Compost

6-10% Recyclables

10-14% Non-compostable

GHG Reduced

Agriculture

CER

Local market

Landfilled

IRRC

100% Collected with user fee

House-to-house waste collection method

86% RECYCLED

Waste

EnergyBiogas Bio diesel & Glecerine RDF

What is Integrated Resource Recovery Centers (IRRCs) ?

Since 2007, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), inpartnership with Waste Concern, has been promoting decentralized and Integrated ResourceRecovery Centers (IRRCs) in secondary cities and small towns in Asia-Pacific with the objective torecover value from waste and provide livelihood opportunities to the urban poor.

IRRC is a facility where significant portion (80-90%) of waste can be composted/recycled andprocessed in a cost effective way near the source of generation in a decentralized manner. IRRC isbased on 3 R Principle.

Waste Bins Demountable Containers

Landfill

PROBLEMS

Water PollutionSpread of Disease VectorsGreen House Gas EmissionOdor PollutionMore Land Required for Landfill

Mixed Waste

Transfer Stations

Integrated Resource Recovery Centre (IRRC)

House-to-House Collection

Vegetable Markets

House-to-House Collection

Landfill

Source Separated Waste

OPORTUNITIES

Producing Compost , Energy and Improving RecyclingReducing Green House GasReducing Cost of SWMCreating Jobs for the PoorImproving Health and EnvironmentImproving Soil Condition

Only10-14% going to landfill site

Approach of IRRCConventional Approach

Integrated Resource Recovery Centres (IRRCs)

Based on 3R principles

Recovers 80 percent of waste as resources

Promote separation at source (organic/inorganic)

Profit making

Decentralized, close to generated waste

Capacity can range from 2-20 tons/day (manual)

Uses appropriate technologies

Employs waste pickers and other urban poor

Source of Waste

Screening

Sorting

Composting

Maturing Compost

Compost

Bagging

Organic Waste Used Cooking OilRecyclablesOrganic Waste

Fish & Meat Waste

Grinding

Biogas Digester

Mixing

Biogas

Slurry

Electricity

Compost

Sorted Recyclables

Shredded, compacted and baled

Plastic

Metal

Glass

Paper

Processing Unit

Biofuel

Glycerine

Waste with high Calorific Value

Refused Derived

Fuel (RDF)

Faecal Sludge

Drying

Co-composting

with municipal organic waste

Compost

Shredded

Sorting

Extruded


Organic Waste

Organic Waste

Organic Waste

Used Cooking Oil

Organic Waste (non-

compostables)

Landfill Methane (CH4) Emission

Composting (Aerobic Process)

Biogas Plant(Anaerobic Digestion)

Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)

Organic Waste

Co-composting(Aerobic Process)

Bio diesel Plant

Human Excreta

Compost (Diverted organic waste from landfill and replacing use of

chemical fertilizer )

Biogas to Electricity(replacing fossil fuel based

electricity)

Fuel in Pellet form(replacing diesel or coal used

in boilers or brick kilns)

Compost (Diverted organic waste

from landfill and replacing

use of chemical fertilizer)

Bio diesel (replacing diesel

as fossil fuel)

Baseline situation (organic waste dumped in landfill sites becomes anaerobic and generates methane)

IRRC model converts waste into resource and reducing green house gas methane (CH4)

Input Technology Produce No Methane Emission

Generates Carbon Credits by avoiding methane from Landfill and reduce CO2 to produce chemical fertilizer

Avoids methane from landfill and reduces

CO2 emission by replacing grid power

Replace use of fossil fuel

Climate Change Benefits

Avoids methane from landfill and reduces

CO2 emission by replacing grid power

Generates Carbon Credits by avoiding methane from

Landfill and reduce CO2 to produce chemical fertilizer

Baseline Situation vs. IRRC model

1 ton

Organic WasteProduce1/4 ton (0.25 tons of Compost)

Composting

1 ton

Organic Waste

Composting

Reduce 1/2 ton Green House Gas

1 ton

Organic Waste

Produce 40-80 M3 Biogas

Biogas Digester

1 liter

Used Cooking Oil

Bio diesel Plant

95% of the input as Bio diesel & Glycerine

Different Economic Outputs from IRRC


1 tonInorganic Waste (high calorific value)

Refuse Derived Fuel

95% of the input Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)

Collection

Screening

Sorting

Piling

Composting

Maturing and Compost

Selling

Bagging

Sawdust

Bokashi with EM

Screening residue

Water

Marketing

Water

Example of Recycling Training Center in Katchpur, Greater Dhaka Using IRRC Approach

Technology used: Mainly Composting+ Anaerobic Digestion+ Bio Diesel Unit


Layout of IRRC in Dhaka

Collection

Screening

Sorting

Piling

Composting

Maturing and Compost

Selling

Bagging

Sawdust

Bokashi with EM

Screening residue

Water

Marketing

Water

Example of Recycling Training Center in Katchpur, Greater Dhaka Using IRRC Approach


Box Method Composting Used in IRRC/RTC in Dhaka


At Recycling Training Center, Katchpur, Greater Dhaka

Different Steps in Biogas Production from Organic WasteAt Recycling Training Center, Katchpur, Greater Dhaka

Item Qty. RateFiber Glass digester (4cum) 3 nos 45000Digester installation 3 nos 2500Generator(1.2 Kw) 1 no 55000

Gas flow meter 1 no. 12000Crusher/ Grinder 1 no 250000Gas Filter(For generator) 1 17000

Types of raw materials used:1. Kitchen waste ( Food waste)2. Market waste3. Vegetable waste4. Slaughterhouse waste5. Fish market waste6. Industrial waste

raw material for test:1.Kitchen waste ( Food waste) 100%2.Vegetable waste 100%3.Market waste 100%4.Kitchen waste 50% and Vegetable waste 50%5.Kitchen waste 50% and Market waste 50%6.Vegetable waste 50% Market waste 50%7. Market waste 70%, slaughter house waste15% and fish waste 15%8.Kitchen waste 70%, slaughter house waste15% and fish waste 15%9.Kitchen waste 30%, Market waste 20%, Vegetable waste 20%,10. Slaughter house waste10%, fish waste 10%, Industrial waste 10%

Different Out puts from Biogas Digester

Gas Filter Generator Electricity

Fertilizer

Biogas for Cooking

At Recycling Training Center, Katchpur, Greater Dhaka

Bio- Diesel Plant at IRRC/RTC in Bangladesh

Example from Recycling Training Center in Katchpur, Greater Dhaka

• In order to demonstrate a faecal sludge collection and treatment model withemphasis on resource recovery and recycling as stipulated in the NationalSanitation Strategy of the government, in November 2012, a pilot project wasinitiated in Kushtia a secondary town in Bangladesh to treat the faecal sludge andsolid waste together.

IRRC in Kushtia Bangladesh ( Recycling Municipal Solid Waste & Faecal Sludge from Septic Tank and Pit Latrines)


Co-Composting of Municipal Waste and Faecal Sludge in IRRC : Example of Kushtia Municipality

• Total amount of municipal solid waste brought to the plant amounts to 3 to 3.5 tons/ day.

• Under this project, faecal sludge is directly collected from the septic tanks or pit latrines of households using mechanical vacuum-tugs.

• Total amount of faecal sludge collected per day is between 2-6 cubic meter/day.

• The collected sludge is directly sent to the treatment facility.


Site Plan of the Co-composting Facility, Kushtia

Co-Composting of Municipal Waste and Faecal Sludge in IRRC : Example of Kushtia Municipality

2

1

3

4

2

4

4

1

3


Co-composting of Faecal Sludge with Organic Waste, Kushtia City

Faecal Sludge Collected by Vaccu-Tug and Discharged in the Drying Bed and later Co-composted with organic waste to Produce Compost

To treat one ton of waste in an IRRC:

150 – 200 sqm. of land for composting;

USD 15,000– 20,000 of capital investment(without land) for composting

USD 18,000-22,000 of capital investment ( without land) for Anaerobic Digestion

10 % – 25 % of capital cost as operational costs

Trained workforce

Inputs required to build and operate IRRCs

For biodiesel plant USD 37,000 of capital investment is required for treating 1000 liter of waste cooking oil

By recycling one ton of waste:

Create 2 new jobs for the waste pickers;

Produce 0.25 tons of good quality compost;

Produce 40-80 cubic meter of biogas ( clean energy which can be used for cooking purpose or electricity generation)

Save 1.1 cubic meter of landfill area;

Reduce 0.5 tons of green house gas emissions

Provide door-to-door service to 2,000-3,000 households

Environmental, Economic & Social Benefits from IRRCs


Environmental, Economic & Social Benefits from IRRCs

By recycling 1 (one) ton of waste:

Avoid between 0.2-0.3 cubic meter of toxic waste water;

Reduce the risk of 40 diseases linked with unmanaged municipal solid waste;

Increase crop production between 25-30% and reduce use of chemical fertilizer by 35-40% increasing food security;

Contribute to both climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Reduces risk of fire at landfills


Sectors of Benefits Co-benefits Equivalent to US $

Social Benefits Creation of New Jobs 8.50

Reduce the risk of diseases Not yet calculated

Citizens benefit from improved waste collection Not yet calculated

Economic Benefits Good quality compost Avoided use of chemical fertilizer

Avoided use of chemical fertilizer 17

Avoidance of landfill cost 10

Value of avoided irrigation Not yet calculated

Environmental Benefits

Avoided polluted waste water Not yet calculated

Increased crop yield 64

Total 99.50

Potential Co-benefits by Reducing 1 (One) Ton of CO2e

Partially added co-benefits in US$ from reduction of 1 (one) ton of CO2e

Source: Waste Concern 2014 ( Based on the Data Collected from IRRC in Dhaka, Bangladesh) UNFCCC presentation, Bonn 2014

Public SectorPrivate SectorCitizenNGOs/CBOs/INGOsInformal SectorFinancial Sector

Beneficiaries

URBAN-RURAL SYMBIOSIS

Urban Area

City Generating Organic Waste producing compost

Rural Area

Rural Area Producing Food and Agricultural Products

HOW?

Through Decentralized IRRCs

Public-Private-Community Partnership

Using Appropriate Technology

Using Climate Financing/NAMA


Mitigation

Mitigation-Adaptation Loop


Thank You


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