Introduction to ISO 1400 and EMS

CHAPTER FOUR

Granch Berhe

• Industry has been responsible for creating environmental problems.

• Increasing industrialization = Increasing environmental degradation.

• Hazards to environment and all living creatures. • Industrial accidents cause loss property and human

lives + • toxins released into the environment, effect lives and

health • of unborn generations. • Many laws to prevent and penalize organizations

that allowed such • incidents to happen were enacted. • Prevention is better than punishment after the event.

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What is an Environmental Management System?

• “The part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing achieving and reviewing the environmental policy.” ISO14001

• An environmental management system brings together the people, policies, plans, review mechanisms, and procedures used to manage environmental issues at a facility or in an organization.

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An EMS is Environmental• Facilitates environmental compliance• Addresses environmental impacts• Broadens environmental responsibilities to

all whose work can have a significant impact on the environment

• Environmental office has technical expertise to contribute

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An EMS is Management

• Must have commitment of top managers• EMS owned by facility manager• Must be consistent with other

management systems

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An EMS is a System

• Requires awareness of formal structure• Addresses policies, procedures,

programs• Doesn’t specifically address compliance

components (drums, labels, etc.)

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Continual Improvement Cycle

Implement

Plan

Check

Review

PlanImplement

Check

ReviewPlan

Implement

Etc.

The main aspects categories:

•Hazardous Material Use•Resource Use•Energy Use•Releases to Environment•Bulk Storage of Hazardous Liquids/Gases

For every significant aspect, controls need to be in place to prevent adverse environmental impacts.

ISO 14000 deals with the issue of environmental aspects, its causes, its control and mitigation strategies to maintain and improve the environment and preserve the ecology of this planet.

ISO 14000 CONCEPTS

• Is a management standard, it is not performance or product standard.

• The underlying purpose of ISO 1400 is that companies will improve their environmental performance by implementation but there are no standards for performance or level of improvement

• It is a process for managing company activities that impact the environment.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISO 14000

1. COMPREHENSIVE- all members of the organization participate n environmental protection, the EMS considers stakeholders and there are processes to identify all environmental impacts.

2. PRO ACTIVE- it focuses on forward thinking and action instead of reacting to command and control policies

3. SYSTEMS APPROACH- it stresses improving environmental protection by using single environmental management system

Requirements/elements of ISO 140001. General Requirements2. Environmental Policy 3. Planning4. Implementation and Operations5. Checking and Corrective Action6. Management Review

1. General Requirements.The organization has to establish, maintain and

continually improve an EMS. The organization will have to define and document

the scope of its EMS.

2. Environmental Policy.The Environmental policy should be in line with the mission,

vision and values of the organization.

Before making the policy consider:1. Legal and regulatory requirements.2. Identify the impact of activities, products or services on

the environment.3. Identify the impact of suppliers activities, products or

services on the environment.4. Adequacy of existing management policies and

procedures.5. Evaluation of past performance.

The policy must be communicated to everyone in the organization and to the public. It is usually displayed on the organizations website.

3. Planning.

1. Environmental Aspects,2. Legal and statutory requirements.3. Objectives and Targets.4. Environmental management Program.

4. Implementation and Operation.

1. Structure and responsibility.2. Awareness, training and competency.3. Communication.4. EMS documentation.5. Document Control.6. Operational Control.7. Emergency Preparedness and Response

5. Checking and Corrective Action.

1. Monitoring and Measuring2. Non-conformance and corrective and Preventive Action.3. Records.4. EMS Audit.

6. Management Review.Management Reviews are conducted every month to include• Review of EMS objectives and Targets• Performance against legal and statutory requirements.• Effectiveness of the system.• Evaluation of the suitability of the policy in the current situation.

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Checking/Corrective Actions

• Measurement and Monitoring• EMS Nonconformance and

Corrective Actions• Records

• EMS Audits

Continuous Improvement

Implementation• Roles and Responsibilities

• Training and Communication• EMS Document Control

• Emergency Preparedness and Response

Planning• Environmental Aspects

• Compliance • Objectives and Targets• Environmental Mgmt.

Programs

Environmental Policy

Management Review

ISO 14000 EMSCan merge

with ISO 9000

General Requirements

Aspects

Benefits

Definition

ISO 14001,14004,14010, 14011, 14012

Organization

International

Requirements

Environmental Policy

Management Review

Implementation & Ops

Checking & Corrective Action

Planning

EMS Audit

Benefits of ISO 14000

At the International level

1. Facilitate Trade and Remove Trade Barriers. 2. Improve the Environment. 3. Build consensus about the importance of improving our

environment.

At the Organization level

1. Improve environmental performance2. Satisfy customer expectations in many markets 3. Improve work environment and safety.4. Enhance relations with community, regulators, and

stakeholders5. Merge environmental effort into the business6. Reduce risk and liability due to environmental issues.7. Conserving input materials and energy.

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Benefits of an EMS

• Helps maintain compliance• Reduce operating costs• Integrate environmental programs

into mission• Increase employee involvement• Reduce environmental impacts

Ethics and Sustainability in Textile supply Chains

IT IS JUST A SIMPLE T SHIRT ?

• What does “ethics” mean ?

The science of morals,that branch of philosophy which is concerned with human character and conduct” English dictionary

What does it mean for textiles ?

Ensuring textile workers are treated fairly,given a living wage,working conditions are acceptable on health and safety

What does “sustainability” mean ?

“The ability to continue an action without the risk of failure or collapse”. English dictionary

What does it mean for textiles ?

Ensuring textiles that we make and use are neither harmful to us and the environment

Terminology

The journey

Raw cotton

Cotton spinning

Cotton weaving

Cotton Dyeing and Finishing

Garment cut and sew

Retailer

Start

EndIn use End of life

Product : T Shirt

Commercial Benefits

Company Reputation

Consumer confidence

Increase in sales revenue

Increase brand reputation

Commercial Benefits

Pension funds and stakeholders

Demonstrates legal and regulatory compliance

Improved corporate image

Demonstrates good management practice

Investors rate a company according to its environmental and social criteria.

Commercial Benefits

Savings in consumption of energy and materials

Reduced cost of waste management

Fewer rejects

Green tax incentives from Government

Cost savings

• Over 8,000 textile companies globally have products certified

• Over 13,000 certificates have been issued• Helped to develop a worldwide chemical safety

standard• Is applicable to any product in the textile supply chain

except chemicals• It prohibits or regulates the use of harmful substances

in textiles

Oeko-Tex® 100 certification scheme

• Banned MAK amines derived from specific azo dyestuffs• Carcinogenic and allergy-inducing dyestuffs• Formaldehyde• Pesticides• Phenolic preservatives• Chlorinated aromatic compounds• Extractable heavy metals: Ni,Cd,Cr,CrVI e.t.c. and total Pb,Cd• Colour fastness• pH-value• Phthalates• Organic tin compounds(TBT,DBT)• Emission of volatile components• Odour• Biocides and flame retardant finishes(regulated separately

Test Criteria for Oeko-Tex® 100

• Provide evidence to show that at least 30% of the products produced are Oeko-Tex 100 certified

• Comply with specified criteria to avoid or limit the use of harmful substances in production

• Obeserve stringent limit values relating to waste water and exhaust air

• Ensure low noise and air pollution• Introduce measures to ensure safety at work• Must operate a social criteria code of conduct• Licence is valid for 3yrs,however an environmental report must

be submitted annually. • ISO 14001 and EMAS are recognised and form an excellent

basis for Oeko-Tex 1000

Test criteria for Oeko-Tex® 1000

• Developed to facilitate those companies within the EU • Focuses on three elements of ethics and sustainability in

terms of human ecology,the environment and the rights of workers in factories

• A scheme which audits the production centres and finally test the product in effect closing the loop

• Checks the whole textile supply chain for the product being certified

• Applicable to textile products only

Made in Green® certification scheme

Terminology

REACH- Regulation, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals

SVHC – Substances of Very High Concern

ECHA – European Chemical Agency

Candidate list – A list of SVHC that have been formally recognised by REACH for potential authorisation.

• Substance – a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process,including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used,but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of a substance or changing its composition

• Preparation – means a mixture or solution composed of two or more substances

• Article – means an object which during its production is given a special shape,surface or design which determines its function to a greater degree than does its chemical composition

The following are examples of items that can be classed as articles and preparations for textiles :-

ArticlesFinished garments,fabric (woven,non-

woven,knitted),yarns,fibres,clothing accessories.PreparationsSpin finishes,certain dyes,auxilary chemicals.

Textiles and REACH svhc

Dibutyl phthalate plasticizer yesColbalt dichloride dyeing agent,drier no*Diarsenic pentaoxide Pesticide,dyeing agent no*Diarsenic trioxide prep of pesticides,leather preservatives no*Sodium dichromate,dihydrate Oxidizing agent,Mordant agent yes

Bis(tributyltin)oxide biocide agent,catalyst stabiliser yesLead hydrogen arsenate pesticide yesTriethyl arsenate Preservative no*Benzyl butyl phthalate Plasticizer yes

5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene(musk xylene) fragrance agent

yes

Bis(2-ethyl(hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) plasticizeryes

Hexabromocylododecane(HBCDD) flame retardant yes

Alkanes,C10-13,chloro(Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins)

flame retardant,softening agent no

Current candidate List (1.01.09)

List of current substances to be added to SVHC candidate list

no Substance Cas No1 Anthracene oil 292-602-72 Anthracene oil,paste 295-278-53 Anthracene oil,paste,fraction 295-275-94 Anthracene oil,anthracene -low 292-604-85 Anthracene oil,anthracene paste 292-603-26 Diisobutyl pthalate 201-553-27 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 204-450-08 residues(coal tar),pitch distn 295-507-99 Distillates(coal tar),heavy oils 292-607-410 Distillates(coal tar),heavy oils,pyrene fraction 295-304-511 coal tar pitch,high temperature 266-028-212 tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate 115-96-813 Arsenic acid and its salts 033-005-001