introduction to japanese language and culture prof. mrs ... filethen we have watashi wa kotoshi...

Introduction to Japanese Language and CultureProf. Mrs. Vatsala Misra

Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Lecture-26Sensei wa watashi ni hon o kuremashita (My teacher gave me a book)

(Refer Slide Time: 00:16)

Hello everybody and welcome to the class today. In our previous classes we have been doing a

lot of things we have done ageru, morau sashiageru and (FL) and also last time we did about

(FL) we learnt about this very nice festival in Japan (FL) gatsu what they eat there what all

things they make, how they use phrases over there in (FL) what all they say what is the action.

So, well today also we will talk a little about (FL) gatsu.

We will also talk about another very interesting and very popular festival of Japan and of course

we will do something new today related to ageru, (FL) ageru (FL) and morau and something else

as well. So, well before I actually start telling you something today, something new.


We will do the assignments as I always do, so well open your assignments sheets and let us see

what is there. Well the first one is match group A with group B and make proper sentences as I

have been doing all along with you. The first one is kuruma no naka ni dare ga imasu ka, so well

naka over here can also be removed and kuruma ni dare ga imasu ka can be used. Anata wa

shumatsu ni nani o shitai desu ka.

Then we have watashi wa kotoshi kazoku to ryoko o shimasu over here to is given you can use

watashi wa kazoku to (FL) ni ryoko o shimashu that makes it very clear you can remove the (FL)

and also put the (FL) over there whichever you feel comfortable. Kaidan no soba ni jitensha ga

arimasu ni and ga is a pattern and you state something with that. Ginko wa ano takai tatemono

desu, ano over here again is used because can you tell me why.

Well because the subject is known to the listener and the speaker. Then anata wa donna shosetsu

o yomitai desu ka, donna which type of. Rao san wa swngetsu hikkoshi o shimashita because of

sengetsu shimashita is use time expression in the past. Tanaka san wa hachi ji ni kaerimashita

(FL) ji ni kaerimashita after time ni particle will be used as we have been doing all along. Kino

tomodachi to ishooni again you can leave or you can use omoshiroi eiga o mimashita.

And we have ryoshin wa Indo ni imasu over here you can see if it was a question Ryoshin wa

Indo ni imasu ka then go-ryoshin would have been used because it is about someone else’s

parents. Over here it is Ryoshin and a statement Ryoshin wa Indo nii imasu thus it is my parents.


Now the second one is look at the pictures and use ageru, morau, sashiageru and itadaku you

have done these this is in plain form in dictionary form let us see what it is you can see this

picture this lady she has received something from someone it could be her husband, so let us see,

shujin ni omiyage o moratta over here because it is her husband and she is talking, thinking thus

it is shujin, if someone else’s to talk about her husband it has to be go-shujin.

Then again he is giving something let us see what he is giving well tanaka san is giving his

telephone number to mariko san, mariko san ni denwa bango o ageta. Then we have this

gentleman over here he is receiving or could be giving something if he remove this arrow from

here. So, well what is it sensei ni itadaita received from sensei because of the arrow the arrow is

pointing towards him and if we remove the arrow then sensei ni agemashita or sashiagemashita

as it should be in case of your teacher.

Then we have someone giving something at the post office this sign over here is for post office.

So, what is it okaasan ni agemasu this gentleman is thinking I will give or send this to my

okaasan to my mother, so okaasan ni agemasu. Then what is this somebody is getting married

and then we have a car over here and let us see what it says kanai ni kuruma o ageta, kanai is

wife, so watashi is not written over here kanai ni to my wife kuruma o agemashita, I give.

So, I hope you got this agemashita, itadakimashita, moraimashita, sashiagemashita properly

correctly without any mistake.


Now in this third one we have match words in group A with kanji characters in group B we have

these words over here and we have the kanji characters let us see what it is takai, shiroi and you

can see shiroi over here is very similar to nichi except for that stroke on top. Sensei, tokidoki and

this character or this symbol signifies the shows that this is what is being repeated over here, the

same (FL) or the same reading is being repeated.

Shogatsu, yasumi, hidari-te, migi-ashi and in the end we have iriguchi, now you will see iriguchi

is very similar to hito but there is a slight difference you have this stroke here on top of course it

is not a stroke as such but just to separate it or make it a little different from hito which is a

straight line this bo has been given.


Now this one is fill in the blanks with proper verb forms well let us see what it is, the clue is

given over here in English and you are suppose to write it in Japanese okaasan nani o tabetai

desu ka. Then we have watashi wa sensei ni jisho o moraimashita, then we have ke-ki wa ooishii

kara kodomo ni agetai. Bucho ni wain o agemashita, ashita kaisha e ikimasen not go because of

ashita.

Then Rao san wa tomodachi ni shatsu o ageta, Rao san gave to his friend, kanai ni saifu o

moratta received from my wife. So, watashi wa kanai ni saifu o moratta, jikan nai kara

tomodachi ni aimasen, jikan is time nai kara is no time I do not have time thus tomodachi ni

aimasen and ni over here is for aimasen verb aimas will always take particle ni. Watashi wa

mainichi sentaku o shimasu, sentaku is washing.

Watashi wa ichi-nichi ni ni-kai ha o migakimasu, migakimasu means to brush or to polish, so

kutsu o migakimasu ha o migakimasu, ichi-nichi ni ni-kai you have done kai, kai means number

of times and activity is perform. So, ichi-nichi ni ni-kai twice in a day ha o migakimasu, well that

finish is your assignments your sukudai I hope you all did it properly and correctly last time I

had also given you a way small sukudai about o-shogatsu.

We had done shogatsu, we had talked about shogatsu seen pictures, so I had asked you to collect

some more material on shogatsu well I also collected some again.


And the phrase that I gave you was akemashite omedeto gozaimasu kotoshi mo yoroshiko

onegaishimasu well you are already know the meaning what this means, what this means now

over here there is a new word for you the phrase is the same.


There is a new word shinnen right on top you can see, so shinnen means shi means new and nen

mean year, so a very very nice year for you I congratulate you I wish you all the best in the

coming year and please let us continue our association or friendship in this year as well and one

thing you have to see over here in the picture which is given you have to pay attention to where

your hands are when you are saying this.

It should be straight and not anywhere you want you have to bow and then you have to say

shinnen akemashiite omedeto gozaimasu. Kotoshi mo yoroshiku onegaishimasu and then the

answer will be the same thing again repeated by the other person. So, well you should keep that

in mind and all this is for festivity.


You can read more over here about Oshagatsu one interest thing is that Oshogatsu time which

starts around the twenty eighth of December. And continues on till the fourth or fifth January

there is a small party which is mentioned over here it is a (FL) which is the year ending party

which all Japanese celebrate with friends and family to set o fsay good bye to the year which has

gone and remember the year with friends and family and welcome the new year on o-shogatsu

day.

So, there is something about bonenkai you can read about it later and also something very

interesting in Japan is during new year what you do first has great meaning, for example when

you go to office first time when you meet people first time when you smile or enjoy or laugh, the

first time see the sunrise on new year day go to a shrine all these things are very very important.

Because that is what you do first time in the new year and it is a time of relaxation as is given

over here enjoyment strength and family and basically just enjoying with everyone. So, that is

shogatsu for you, you can look up the net you can see pictures and read what customs and

practices are done what food is made, what are the special things they do on new year day.


Now there is something new over here this is a new word tokidoki which means sometimes there

is a small conversation here between A and B tanaka san to or A san to B san no kaiwa desu

watashi wa (FL) omimasukara (FL). Tanaka san mainichi uchi de ban gohan o tabemasu ka, hai,

mainichi uchi de tabemasu that is one answer which you have done you can also say iie, mainichi

uchi de tabemasen.

This also you have done which means no I do not eat everyday at home, now there could be

another answer using this simple word over here it could be tokidoki tabemasu.


Hai, tabemasu, iie tabemasen and then tokidoki a new word for you tokidoki meaning sometimes

tokidoki tabemasu. For example mainichi eiga o mimasu ka, tokidoki mimasu, hai mainichi

mimasu, iie mainichi mimasen or tokidoki mimasu. So, you have the practice over here in place

of tanaka san you can any of these words given in place uchi which is a place you could use

shokudo, kafeteria, restoran, tomodachi no uchi.

And then in place of tabemasu a verb you can use nomimasu, nemasu, mimasu any of these

verbs but remember the vocabulary has to be related you cannot use something for tabemasu

which is to be used for watching for mimasu for nomimasu or for ikimasu. So, please the

vocabulary has to be connected. For example sensei mainichi shokude gohan o tabemasu ka, iie

tokidoki tabemasu.

Taro kun mainichi kafeteria de (FL) o nomimasu ka, hai mainichi kafeteria de gohi o nomimasu.

So, you can try practicing this with your partner at home but please do it loudly.


Now we have been doing verbs in plain form, we have done dictionary form, we have done the

past form, past plain form, we have done the negative form, now today we will do the negative

past.


We have done iku, itta, ikanai these are the 3 that we have done today we will do ikanakatta,

Now how do you make ikanakatta, simple yomanai, nomanai, ikanai remove the i from here

yomanakatta, nomanakatta and ikanakatta that makes it past negative plain. So, it is very simple

not difficult at all, all you need to do is get used to the sound, you can repeat after me now and

we will practice right here.


Ikimasen deshita, ikana katta, Kaerimasen deshita, kaeranakatta, aimasen deshita, awanakatta,

kaimasen deshita, kawanakatta, migakimasen deshita, migakanakatta, hanashimasen deshita,

hanasanakatta, akimasen deshita, kakanakatta, kikmasen deshita, kikanakatta, arimasen deshita,

and it is nakatta. So, please you will notice somewhere there is a (FL) somewhere there is an S

only instead of i so, well these are all exceptions.

And slowly you will understand how these exceptions are made. So, well we will do that now

you could you could do that at home and we will go ahead with our lesson.



Listen to this radio dialogue and let us see how much you have understood (FL).


Well how is it did you understand I am sure you did well let us see I will read it out once and

then explain Kore wa omoshiroi shosetsu desu ka, So desu Omoshiroi desu yo, Doko de

kaimashita ka, kaimasen deshita, Sensei ni itadakimashita, Itsu desu ka, Watashi no tanjobi ni

sensei ga watashi ni kono hon o kuremashita. So, there are a few new things over here most of it

you have done there is a new word kuremashita that is what we are going to do today.

We have done ageru, morau, itadaku and sashiageru, now we will do kureru and (FL) today, how

it is to be done, how it is to be used well we will see right away.


This is in the script you can see and this is the translation.


May not be literal translation because it may change the meaning it is what you would say in

English.


Well kudasaru and kureru, now you can read what is written over there.


But A gives to B, A wa B ni ageru, A wa B kara morau, A wa B ni sashiageru, A wa B ni itadaku.

So, you can see your position is very very clear sashiageru and itadaku or polite for ageru and

morau, now there is a new word over here kureru and kudasaru what happens with that let us see.


That is exactly what is given A wa B ni hon o ageru, A wa B kara hon o morau and then what do

we have over here, we have B wa A ni hon o kureru. So, now what happens in this your position

is here B is over here higher in rank, higher in older age, rank, position everything much above

view higher and you are placed over here or a formal situation and when someone gives

something to you over here, then it is kureru, is that alright please remember.

A wa B ni ageru, A wa B ni sashiageru, A wa B kara morau, A wa B kara itadaku, now over here

A is the subject over here B is your subject and B wa A ni kureru, B gives to A that is the only

difference over here all along A has been the subject over here B becomes the subject and we are

talking about what B is giving A. So, please that is very important with kureru and kudasaru,

sensei wa watashi ni hon o kuremashita. Sensei gave a book to ni, so sensei is the subject over

here and please you will see now what it is.


This is what you have done so far and this is what are going to do now B over here A over here.

So, naturally B is a little higher older in age, higher in rank in position could be your boss culd

be your teacher, could be someone you have met for the first time and what is it B gives

something to A and it is kureru or kudasaru, B wa A ni kureru or kudasaru, B gives to A. So,

please remember with kureru and kudasaru (FL) always someone senior, older is giving

something to someone junior.


Now you can practice kureru and kudasaru look at the picture over here, there is this gentleman

and a lady and he is giving something to her, so let us see what it is. Tanaka san wa watashi ni

purezento o kuremashita from this lady side he is giving something to her thus tanaka san wa

watashi ni purezento o kuremashita formal situation. Over here he is giving money, so well

tanaka san watashi ni okane o kuremashita.

He is giving money to me or gave money to me, what is there in the third picture well we have

tanaka san again looking at his passport probably he is going out. So, well let us see what it is

Otosan wa watashi ni hikoki no kippu o kuremashita Otosan is my father, Otosan wa watashi ni

hikoki is plain kippu is ticket o kuremashita gave it to me.


So, well you can practice now we just did kureru and kudasaru you can practice it now with

these words here. Otousen sensei, okane jisho hon, and of course you have kureru and kudasaru

here so, you can make difference combinations for example otousan wa watashi ni hon o kure

mashita. So, obviously you can see when someone gives something to you you place yourself

your position where it is.

It is lower and thus kureru and over here with kudasaru it is humble you are accepting something

very, very humbly from someone whose senior to you or older in age position rank and thus

sensei wa watashi ni jisho o kure mashita. So, well you can use these over here you can see

otousan wa watashi ni tokei o kuremashita and sensei wa watashi ni jibiki or jisho o kuremashita.

So, well you can use kureru and kudasaru in this manner.


Now I am sure now you have understood all the 6 (FL) so, please try to practice it with your

friends with your partner and please whenever you are practicing do it loudly. Now in one of our

previous lessons.

(Refer Slide Time:32:20)

We did tai form verb+ tai means I want to do something whatever the verb is saying well

negative is takunai I do not want to do as the verb is saying for example watashi wa (FL). So,

well we will do takunai over here there is a small conversation between otousan okasan and (FL)

and let us see what they are saying Nani o tabemasho ka.

Watashi wa tempura o tabetai, Kino tabeta kara ima tabetakunai, nani o tabemasu ka, Supageti o

tabetai, ja supageti o tabemasho. I am sure this is understood over here tempura is a new word,

tempura is a Japanese dish a very popular dish in Japan and generally foreigners love this dish

very much. So, well nani o tabemasu ka what shall we have watashi wa tempura o tabetai I want

to have tempura is what the mother says kino tabeta kara ima tabetakunai.

Kodo dmo i saying child is saying I had it yesterday so, I do not want to have it now nani o

tabemasu ka. Supageti o tabetai ja, supageti o tabemasho so, let us all have supageti. So, you can

replace tabemasu with any other verb that you want it could be different situation completely.

You could replace it with nomimasu and then have the conversation over here. You could replace

tempura with pizza.

You could says soba, Indo ryouri, burger or ba-ga- as it is said in Japanese udon or pasta soba,

udon or two Japanese dishes where soba is thin noodles and udon is very very thick noodles in

clear soup. And then you can have this conversation practice it with your partner it a simple

conversation easy to do and learn.


Now we have some pictures for you over here and let us see what the pictures are all about you

can see someone on the phone. And you have to practice takunai that is I do not want to do

whatever the verb is saying. So, well denwa o shitai shitakunai now what is this person doing

over here plain so, asobitakunai asobitakunai then we have these two people talking

hanashitakunai or it could also be hanashitai depending on what you want to say.

Gentleman is relaxing over here so, what is the verb can you tell me the verb well it is yasumitao

or yasumita kunai I do not want to relax or I want to take off or relax or take a break. Then

someone is just about to have tea well ko-hi o nomitai or nomitakunai and then we have someone

just about to start eating. So, well what is the verb for eating tabetai tabemasu and gohan o

tabetai or tabetakunai whichever way you want to take.

So, you can practice like this all other verbs with or without picturesyou can practice saying

whatever the verb in tai form and in takunai form with your partner. You could ask asobitai desu

ka (FL) or (FL).



Now I have been doing katakana with you we have been practicing katakana how o write

katakana we will do that again some we have done some we have to do let us see what we have

here today well we have the ka series here and you can see how it is written how slanting it is

where to put your pen first and how to make the stroke how angularities ka.


And you can see well then we have ki.


The first one is small the second one is little longer and then it is straight ki


Ku and remember it does not touch like this it is just like this it is just half way ku.


And then we have k and the stroke order is important so, please do not forget the stroke order

remember the stroke order k and then we have a simple.


Ko after that so, ko is 1 and 2 and not 1 and 2 like this please remember that is also important for

all kanji characters also this stroke is 1.


So, now you can see it is write here and front all the stroke order is given properly.


Now is we always do after our syllables practice of syllables of katakana and hiragana we do

kanji characters.


So, well let u see what we have here to do we have kau which is to buy kau is a simple character.


We have done eye if you remember like this so, well turn it 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 then we have another

eye over here 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. And then we have 2 lines over here in the end which makes it kau.

So, let us see how many strokes to it 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and then we have 11 and 12. So,

we have 12 strokes to this character which is kau and you can see 12 strokes over here. How it is

coming to being we will do once we are through with this kanjis section. Let us see what is the

next one it is takai or ko well.


There are more readings to this character kau but we will only do one reading for here for the

time being to bu which kau the second character that we have over here is takai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

8, 9 and 10. So, this is a 10 stroke character you can see over here takai as you can see 10 strokes

I will write it once again for you once again 1, 2, 3, 4,, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. So, 10 stroke

character meaning takai meaning hai meaning expensive. Now how is how have these characters

come into being is.


You can see from here when you go shopping you have a small bag in hand generally and you

have fish in it. So, well all the net over here. All this over here all this over here is from the bag

which has the net and you can see a fish in it that is how kaimasu has come into being and you

can see this stroke order over here. How it is to be made.


Then we have takai and you can see from the house here how takai has come into being well in

olden times generally huts where there. And anybody having a room on top o fthe house would

be considered a big house. So, well that is how takai came into being a double storied house was

considered very very big large in ancient times. So, that i show takai height or expensive came

into being the stroke order is given over here. You can practice it at home.


Now I have been doing festivals of Japan with you important festivals, interesting festivals. And

today also I have something very interesting this festival is a community festival is a social

festival. It has lot of importance and it is practiced by young and old since ancient times and is

still practiced here in Japan even now. So, well what is the festival let us see.


Bean throwing festival or setsubun so, you can repeat it after me it is setsubun or the bean

throwing festival of course you will know why it is called the bean throwing festival. Setsubun is

actually change of season sesubun marks the change marks the period or time when the season

changes from may be winter to bto spring or spring to summer or summer to winter again or

autumn.

And then autumn to winter so, in ancient times this setsubun was celebrated 4 times in a year.

But now it has some (FL) associated with spring time only and it is celebrated only in spring

time. Why I have taken up setsubun is because we did (FL) last time which is in January which is

the first of January and now setsubun which is spring time or just a day before spring is in

February. It is celebrated in February generally falling now on the third or the fourth of February.


So, you can read a lot of things over here lot of things are written it is also call (FL) and on this

day roasted soya bean is thrown outside of the house something is enchanted. The words that I

enchanted are oni wa soto and fuku wa uchi. This is chanted all the time and you just take soya

beans roasted beans in a bowl. And you throw it outside of your house now oni means or evil and

soto means outside.

Fuku means good fortune and uchi means house as you of already done so, oni wa soto means to

get read of all the evil, all the negativity, all the negative feelings, negativity of the house , all ill

fortune from the house and throw it outside and get all good fortune, all positivity in the house.

Fuku means positivity fuku means good fortune. So, all is given over here everything is listed

and this was actually celebrated by all in ancient times.

And the master of the house, the lord of the house would actually on setsubun day try to on

setsubun day would take some mame.


Go to the shrine pray to the gods and then come and throw these mame come and throw these

soya beans out of the house. And it would be a feeling of happiness why because after a harsh

winter people would be meeting each other. People would be celebrating they would be enjoying

all the food once again the sunshine once again. And they would be general festivity and around.

So, well that is exactly what was done at that time.


And one interesting thing that was custom that was followed of practice that was done was it was

believe that oni or the demiens do not like sardines. Because it is smells a lot and thus sardine

heads where roasted sardine heads of placed outside of the house to ward of evil to keep evil

away to keep ill fortune away from the house. And to to welcome positivity, to welcome good

fortune in the house.

So, this is how it was placed it was kept in Japan it was decorated like this to ward o fevil

basically all diseases from the house would be removed by doing this. The house is well cleaned

that time and generally it is as we can understand generally changes of season brings diseases,

brings problems. So, at that time to keep your house clean to clean up to to do all kinds of things

like this could be actually very good for the people of the house.

Now during setsubun or on that day generally fortune beans as this beans are called eho maki or

these rolls are made these beans are roasted. They are eaten and they are enjoyed by all and

especially these sardines are these fish are eaten and enjoyed by the family. And of course as you

can see fortune beans as they are called good luck. It is customary to eat roasted soya beans for

each year of once life and one for good luck.

And eating sushi rolls also big big custom on setsubun day important part over here is that these

rolls.


These rice rolls or sushi as they are called are eaten that day sitting in the direction of the god of

fortune and happiness. If face the direction where the god of happiness in fortune is and eat these

rolls thinking that good fortune will come to you.


Children throw roasted soya beans like this at each other at try to set of play an denjoy chanting

all the time fortune in an evil out.


And of course what the children do is that one person in the family could be wearing a demons

mask or an evil mask. And all the others would be running around the house throwing beans at

him and set of playing in this manner. So, it is basically a community feeling of enjoyment of

gatty of being together just enjoy being together. And that happen is is what is shown over here

in this picture.


Well we been talking about oni all the time.


And the oni bad and evil and negative and all the time very grumpy so, well taht is a small

kotowaza or proverb are saying in Japan. And of course we all know that saying that appearance

is can be disruptive and even stern looking people vey mean looking people bad people also have

a kind spot in their heart. They can also be very very kind so, the saying is oni no me ni mo

namida ga aru namida is tears.

So,oni no mae mae means eyes ni namida ga aru even onis can cry even demons can cry even

demons have a good good spots somewhere in their heart. They can be nice once in a while so,

generally appearances can be deceptive it is not necessary that all the time people who are

looking very mean or looking very stern or angry or all the time very very mean or negative. So,

well this was one one saying for the oni we have been talking about oni so much. So, well that

what it is.


And in the end we have shukudai for you my work is over I have taught you whatever we

supposed to do in this lesson. Now it is your time to practice what has been taught so, that is

shukudai for you the is work for you.


Circle the correct spellings.


Then we have look at these pictures and ask price using kore, kono, koko, dare, ikura which we

have one in our previous lessons list the price ask your friends to small kaiwa.


And then we have these kanji characters over here some pictures for you just match kanji

characters with a pictures given.


And then the words are given over here you have to see and tick the correct reading given.


Well let us see what else to we have make proper questions to fit the answers given below. So,

you have to read the small kaiwa and read the answer and then write the question word over

here.


And fill in the blanks with appropriate verbs or verb forms.


Now we have pictures for you over here couple of pictures are given look at the pictures

carefully and then it is a listening comprehension. So, please listen to what is being said and then

answer the questions. So, well let us see what it is (FL).


So, well this is a small listening comprehension so, please listen to it carefully and then answer

the questions given over here. The new words used in the comprehension listening passage are

listed over here, with a meaning which will help you answer these questions and whatever you

are not able to answer find difficult. We will do it in our next lesson so, well now you can

practice at home and till our next lessons thank you very much (FL).


introduction to japanese language and culture prof. mrs ... filethen we have watashi wa kotoshi...

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