Introduction to lawKiran khan

CHAPTER 1

WHAT IS LAW

lawLaid down by state

Enforced by authorities

Rules

LAW

It is formal social force, meaning that laws come from the state and are usually written down and accessible, so those who need to understand and obey them they can.

To maintain order in society there are adequate enforcement institutions.

Equally applied law is increasingly recognized as a necessary foundation for strong productive economies.

Law secures the elements of trust and certainty that are vital to economic transactions among strangers .

All nations with strong legal systems are economically strong,

In the modern nation, however the most significant of social force is law because law can glue together diverse peoples if different background into large organized groups .

Law tells every one in society what to do, what not to

Importance of law

For the peace in society To have justice To solve the problems Secure the rights of individuals Given the road map to follow Maintain uniformity in society

Rule of law

Laws that are made are generally and equally applicable.

Without rule of law major economic institutions such as corporations, banks ,labor unions ,regulatory bodies would be unfair and inefficient .

Classification of law

Public law• criminal law• constitutional law

Private Law• law of contracts• law of property,

Public Law

The aim of public law is promotion of social objectives and the protection of collective interest of individuals

Criminal law

Certain kinds of wrong doing pose such a serious threat to the good order of society that they are considered crimes against the whole community.

Constitutional law:

Constitutional law is concerned with the workings of the British constitution. It covers such matters as the position of the Crown, the composition and procedures of Parliament, the functioning of central and local government, citizenship and the civil liberties of individual citizen

Private LawPrivate Law is that part of the law which determines relationship between individuals in their ordinary private capabilities. The primary purpose of private laws is the protection of individual interests.

Contract law

That body of law which regulates the enforcement of contracts

Contract law is the basis of all commercial dealings

Property law

Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership and tenancy in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions ) and in personal property within the common law legal system.

Sources of law

constitution

legislation

judiciary

Sources of law means the origins of law

Constitution

A country's Constitution is a set of fundamental ground rules setting out the powers of the different branches of government (i.e. executive, legislative and judicial ) and how these entities operate and interrelate. The Constitution may also set out basic principles, such as fundamental freedoms and rights. In Civil Law systems these rules are usually embodied in "Codes.

Legislation

Legislation is the second key source of law and usually takes priority over sources of law other than the Constitution. There may be more than one legislative body in a country - central, provincial or state and municipal authorities may each have separate power to legislate. Rules will determine the extent to which and in what areas one legislative body has priority over another

Legislation

Legislation is the prime source of law. and consists in the declaration of legal rules by a competent authority. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to enable, to proscribe, to provide funds, to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict. A parliamentary legislature frames new laws, such as Acts of Parliament and amends or repeals old laws.

Judiciary

Judicial decisions are authoritative and develop into a source of law known as “case law”. Case law may extend the application of legislation and is deemed to form part of the law

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