introduction to glaciersfaculty.weber.edu/dbedford/classes/geog_3090/3090...lhotse khumbu glacier....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO GLACIERSfaculty.weber.edu/dbedford/classes/GEOG_3090/3090...Lhotse Khumbu Glacier. Cirque glaciers feeding the Mer de Glace, French Alps. Another valley glacier: Aletschgletscher,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052802/5f1c1bb7e8b9f4106f000e23/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO
GLACIERS
1. Basics and definitions
2. Formation of glacier ice
3. Glacier mass balance
4. Types of glacier
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Snow compaction ultimately forms hexagonal ice crystals
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Snow appears
white, but high-
density glacier
ice appears blue
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Present-day snowline LGM snowline
Source: Broecker & Denton, 1990.
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Accumulation zoneEquilibrium line
Ablation zone
COLDER
WARMER
Alpine glacier profile and mass
balance. Source: Christopherson, 2003, p. 526.
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Firn/equilibrium line
Mer de Glace,
French Alps.
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Recent behaviour of
twenty mountain glaciers
worldwide. Source: IPCC, 2001.
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Pitztal Glacier, Austria. Source: National Geographic February 2006.
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Area of surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet, 1992
and 2002. Source: Konrad Steffen, University of Colorado,
http://cires.colorado.edu/science/groups/steffen/
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McCall Glacier, Alaska, 1958.
Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center glacier rephotography collection.
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McCall Glacier, Alaska, 2003.
Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center glacier rephotography collection.
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Glacier classification systems:
1. Morphology:
Continental glaciation:
Ice sheet/cap/dome
Ice shelf
Alpine glaciation:
Cirque/corrie/cwm glacier
Valley glacier
2. Temperature: warm-based vs. cold-based
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Topography of the
Greenland ice sheet
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ETH/CU research camp on the Greenland Ice Sheet(photo by Konrad Steffen)
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Digital elevation model of Vatnajokull, Iceland
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Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peruvian Andes
Map source: USGS
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Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peruvian Andes(Source: Ohio State University)
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The Antarctic ice sheet: a continental glacier.Source: University of Tokyo.
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The Antarctic ice sheet: under-ice topography.Source: University of Tokyo.
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Nunataks poking through the East Antarctic
Ice Sheet (Source: British Antarctic Survey)
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Ice shelves
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Antarctica without
the ice shelves(Source: USGS)
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Perspective view of the Ross Ice Shelf,
Antarctica (Source: USGS)
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Glacier classification systems:
1. Morphology:
Continental glaciation:
Ice sheet/cap/dome
Ice shelf
Alpine glaciation:
Cirque/corrie/cwm glacier
Valley glacier
2. Temperature: warm-based vs. cold-based
![Page 27: INTRODUCTION TO GLACIERSfaculty.weber.edu/dbedford/classes/GEOG_3090/3090...Lhotse Khumbu Glacier. Cirque glaciers feeding the Mer de Glace, French Alps. Another valley glacier: Aletschgletscher,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052802/5f1c1bb7e8b9f4106f000e23/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cirque glacier in the
Annapurna massif,
Nepal
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The Western
Cwm, Khumbu
icefall and
Khumbu glacier,
Mount Everest (Source: Joe Simpson,
Dark Shadows Falling)
Everest
Khumbu
Icefall
Western
Cwm
Lhotse
Khumbu
Glacier
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Cirque glaciers feeding the Mer de Glace, French Alps
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Another valley glacier: Aletschgletscher, Swiss Alps.
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Chickamin Glacier, southeast Alaska, 1941(Source: NSIDC)
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Glacier classification systems:
1. Morphology:
Continental glaciation:
Ice sheet/cap/dome
Ice shelf
Alpine glaciation:
Cirque/corrie/cwm glacier
Valley glacier
2. Temperature: warm-based vs. cold-based
![Page 33: INTRODUCTION TO GLACIERSfaculty.weber.edu/dbedford/classes/GEOG_3090/3090...Lhotse Khumbu Glacier. Cirque glaciers feeding the Mer de Glace, French Alps. Another valley glacier: Aletschgletscher,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052802/5f1c1bb7e8b9f4106f000e23/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pressure melting point- ice and pressure.Source: Clowes and Comfort, 1982.