Introduction to MAXIIntroduction to MAXINaoki IsobeNaoki Isobe11 and MAXI Teamand MAXI Team1,2,3,4,5,61,2,3,4,5,6

11RIKENRIKEN, , 22JAXA, JAXA, 33Osaka Univ., Osaka Univ., 44Tokoy Tech. Univ., Tokoy Tech. Univ., 55Aoyama Gakuin Univ. Aoyama Gakuin Univ. 66Nihon Uni.Nihon Uni.

MAXI team

X-ray SourcesX-ray SourcesThere are various classes of variable X-ray There are various classes of variable X-ray

objects in the universe.objects in the universe.

Continuous monitorContinuous monitor of their X-ray luminosities of their X-ray luminosities provides important information on their nature.provides important information on their nature.

Compact objects(Black holes, Neutron stars)

Active galactic nucleus (AGN)

Accretion disk

Black hole

JetSuper massive

BH

Companion star

MAXI is the ideal instrument !!MAXI is the ideal instrument !!

ISS

Monitor of All sky X-ray Image;Monitor of All sky X-ray Image; MAXI MAXI All-sky X-ray monitorAll-sky X-ray monitor on the Japanese Experimental on the Japanese Experimental

Module (JEM) of the international space station (ISS).Module (JEM) of the international space station (ISS). Launch :Launch : 2008 2008 by Space Shuttle. by Space Shuttle. Mission life : at least Mission life : at least 2 years2 years.. Scan of all over the sky in Scan of all over the sky in every 96 minutesevery 96 minutes.. Two kinds of X-ray instruments; Gas Slit Camera Two kinds of X-ray instruments; Gas Slit Camera

((GSCGSC) and Solid-state Slit Camera () and Solid-state Slit Camera (SSCSSC))

JEM

MAXI GSC

SSC

Celestial sphere

A concept of slit cameraA concept of slit camera

A combination of position sensitive detector, collimator and slitNarrow rectangular

field of view on the sky

X-ray source 1

X-ray source 2

Position sensitive detector

Collimator

Slit

MAXI has two identical field of view, toward forward and

zenith direction.

Scan

Zenith field of view

Forward field of view

Gas Slit Camera (GSC)Gas Slit Camera (GSC) 3 units for forward and 3 units for z3 units for forward and 3 units for z

enith directionenith direction Detector : Proportional counter Detector : Proportional counter Xe gas (1.4 atm) Xe gas (1.4 atm) Carbon anodes (10 Carbon anodes (10 m)m) Be entrance (100 Be entrance (100 m)m) Large field of view : 1.5 x 160°Large field of view : 1.5 x 160° Large Effective area : 5350 cmLarge Effective area : 5350 cm22 High Sensitivity : 1 mCrab / dayHigh Sensitivity : 1 mCrab / day

A unit of GSC

Proportional counter

Slit and

collimatorBe window

(A4 paper size)

Slit

Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC)Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC)

One unit for forward and One unit for forward and one unit for zenith directione unit for zenith directionon

Detector : CCD chipDetector : CCD chip Field of view : 1.5 x 90°Field of view : 1.5 x 90° Effective area : 200 cmEffective area : 200 cm22

Good Energy resolution : Good Energy resolution : ～ ～ 150 eV (@ Mn K150 eV (@ Mn K line) line)

⇒ ⇒ Map of emission linesMap of emission lines

A unit of SSC (shown without slit and collimators)

CCD chip(Hamamatsu Photonics)

24 mm

Targets of MAXITargets of MAXI Dynamic catalog of more Dynamic catalog of more

than than 1000 X-ray sources1000 X-ray sources Long term monitoring of Long term monitoring of

AGNsAGNs Distribution of distant AGDistribution of distant AG

Ns, by measuring X-ray bNs, by measuring X-ray backgroundsackgrounds

Long term monitoring of fLong term monitoring of flaring starslaring stars

AlertingAlerting X-ray transients X-ray transients Gamma-ray bursts and thGamma-ray bursts and th

eir afterglowseir afterglows etc …etc …

Distance [ly]

Flu

x [m

Cab

]

Previous all sky monitors1 orbit (96 min)1 day1 week

Extragalactic sources(AGNs, Clusters)

All sky X-ray Image with MAXIAll sky X-ray Image with MAXI

1 orbit scan (96 min)1 day2 week

Data flow of MAXIData flow of MAXI

NASAMSFC

MAXI

JAXA

ISS

50-70% of data is transferred in real time

Data relay satellite

Public

Alert

Quick Follow up !!

Internet

Transient

SummarySummary MAXI is an MAXI is an all sky X-ray monitorall sky X-ray monitor on the International S on the International S

pace station.pace station. MAXI will be launched in MAXI will be launched in 20082008, with a mission life of 2 , with a mission life of 2

years.years. MAXI carries two X-ray detectors; MAXI carries two X-ray detectors; GSCGSC (proportional counters) and (proportional counters) and SSCSSC (CCDs) (CCDs) MAXI has very MAXI has very high sensitivityhigh sensitivity, to detect more than 10, to detect more than 10

00 X-ray sources, especially 00 X-ray sources, especially AGNsAGNs.. MAXI alerts X-ray transients almost in MAXI alerts X-ray transients almost in real timereal time..

We need tight collaborations for quick follow up observation.

Please contact me, or the mission leader ; Dr. M. Matsuoka (matsuoka.masaru@jaxa.jp)