1. Introduction and Measurement

2. From the Latinscientia, meaning Knowledge! Also includesexplanations,predictions, andmethods 3. Chemistry Physics Geology Astronomy Botany Anatomy Zoology Meteorology Biology Chronology 4. September-October:Measurement andScientific Tools November-February:Chemistry, Matter,Reactions, and Change March-June: Physics,Motion, Forces in Nature 5. Section 1.2 6. 1. Make Observations2. Determine Problem3. Form Hypothesis4. Experiment5. Analyze Data6. DevelopConclusions 7. Ivan Pavlovs Dogs 8. Laws: short and sweet Theories:complicated, detailedexplanations Both are believed tobe true by scientists 9. Section 1.3 10. How much does a carweigh? How tall is yourneighbor? How much soda doesthe cafeteria sell inone day? POUNDS? FEET / INCHES? GALLONS? 11. Used by 201 countries Used by 94.7% of theworlds population Used in internationalsports, the globalscientific community,and most Fortune 500companies 12. Consists of a set ofbase units andprefixes that areadded to them 13. Metric UnitUsed toMeasureEstimatedEquivalentgram (g) Mass (weight) Half of a dimemeter (m) Length Your legliter (L) Volume Large soda 14. All based on powers of10 (10x, 100x, 1000x) Examples: a KILOmeteris 1000 meters A CENTIgram is 1/100 ofa gram (which meansthere are 100 in onegram)Prefix MeaningKILO- 1000xHECTO- 100xDECA- 10x------- -------DECI- 1/10CENTI- 1/100MILLI- 1/1000 15. All based on powers of10 (10x, 100x, 1000x) Examples: a KILOmeteris 1000 meters A CENTIgram is 1/100 ofa gram (which meansthere are 100 in onegram)Prefix MeaningKILO- 1000xHECTO- 100xDECA- 10x------- -------DECI- 1/10CENTI- 1/100MILLI- 1/1000 16. Distance from one endof the hallway to theother Volume of a backyardswimming pool Mass (weight) of onepencil Distance from McDevittto San Francisco Mass (weight) of theperson next to you Distance across yourhand, thumb to pinkie Width of a pencil Volume you drink in onesip of soda 17. 600 centimeters tometers 5.2 kilograms tograms 14,000 milliliters toliters 0.4 liters to milliliters 4,550 millimeters tometers 16,000 grams to kilograms 18. 0.25 grams tomilligrams 2,200 milliliters toliters 1,200 grams tokilograms 250 centimeters tometers 2.75 kiloliters to liters 196,000 milliliters toliters 19. Makes large and small numbers easier towork withHow far away is the sun?92,955,820.5 milesRound that off first, then put it in scientificnotation 20. 92,955,820.5 miles 93,000,000 miles 9.3 x 107 miles Exponent 7 says thatthe decimal goes 7places to the RIGHTof where its shown. 21. 7.5 x 106 2.01 x 109 3.9 x 103 8.18 x 1017 22. 785,000 6,100,000 500,000,000 88,900 4,100,000,000,000 23. If the exponent isnegative, the decimalgoes that manyplaces to the LEFT. 0.00000094 grams 9.4 x 10-7 grams 24. 4.56 x 10-82.9 x 10-113.41 x 10-49.2 x 10130.00240.000000055571,000,0000.0000000000000971 25. Section 1.4 26. Every experiment contains two variablesMANIPULATED (INDEPENDENT)VARIABLE: Determined by experimenter Changed on purpose Often timeRESPONDING (DEPENDENT) VARIABLE: Responds to changes in manipulated variable Is usually what is being tested 27. 45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%Preferred Lunch Among FreshmanPizza Chicken Fingers Wrap Cheeseburger OtherStudents 28. Must have titleEach column receives a headingHeading or cells must contain unitsKeep formatting consistent 29. Month High Temperature (F)January 40February 44March 53April 64May 74June 83July 87August 85September 78October 67November 56December 45 30. Types: Bar graph Circle Graph Line GraphIt must have a title If there are two data series, it must have alegend 31. Also called column graphsCompares measurements 32. 9080706050403020100High Temperature (F) 33. Used only when comparing PERCENTSAll categories must total 100% Dont use these if they are too crowded 34. High Temperature (F)JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember 35. Lunch Percentage of StudentsPizza 38%Chicken Fingers 21%Wrap 24%Cheeseburger 12%Other 5%Favorite Lunch of Freshman38%21%24%12%5%PizzaChicken FingersWrapCheeseburgerOther 36. Often used toshowprogression ofan experimentover timeCan also beused to relatetwo variables 37. Time (min)SugarConsumed (g)0 01 32 83 144 175 196 202520151050Sugar Consumed (g)1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sugar Consumed (g)Time (minutes) 38. Bar Graph: Favorite Philly Team