introduction to psychology methods: experiments prof. jan lauwereyns [email protected]...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Psychology
Methods: Experiments
Prof. Jan Lauwereyns
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http://www.sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~dubito/links
Look under “Classes”
Check “Psychology”
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Rea
ctio
n T
ime
GREEN GREENXXXXX
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Staged
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-Deliberation time: how long do you get to look at the photos2s, 5s or Free
-Similarity: how similar are the photosSim (similar) or Dis (dissimilar)
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-Deliberation time: how long do you get to look at the photos2s, 5s or Free
-Similarity: how similar are the photosSim (similar) or Dis (dissimilar)
![Page 8: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
-Deliberation time: how long do you get to look at the photos2s, 5s or Free
-Similarity: how similar are the photosSim (similar) or Dis (dissimilar)
![Page 9: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
-Deliberation time: how long do you get to look at the photos2s, 5s or Free
-Similarity: how similar are the photosSim (similar) or Dis (dissimilar)
![Page 10: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fre
qu
en
cy d
istr
ibu
tion
of
typ
es o
f re
sp
on
ses
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Experimental & Nonexperimental
• Experimental: – Direct manipulation and control of
variables– Manipulate variable of interest & record
results
• Nonexperimental:– Observations of phenomena as they
occur naturally
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Choosing a Method
• Ethical and practical considerations• Artificiality of experiments
– Field experiments?
• Participant variables• Description of behavior• Successful predictions of future
behavior• Advantages of multiple methods
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Evaluating a method
• Construct validity– Does the operational definition reflect the
true theoretical meaning of the variable?
• Internal validity– Can you draw strong conclusions about
causal relationships from the data?
• External validity– To what extent can results be generalized?
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Experimental method
• Experimental control– Keep all factors under control (…)- Avoid that results are influenced by
extraneous variables (confound)
• Randomization– Hope that your systematic
measurements are not affected by other, randomized variables
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Experimental Methods
• Independent variableIndependent variable (IV) variable manipulated by the experimenter
• Dependent variableDependent variable (DV) variable measured by the experimenter
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Measuring activity level of blood flow in fMRI scan
Female
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Measuring activity level of blood flow in fMRI scan
Female
Male
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Measuring activity level of blood flow in fMRI scan
Female
Male
Left brain Right brain
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Generalization as a statistical interaction
• Say, a study was done with only males
• You question the generalizability• …that is, suggesting an
interaction
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Em
path
y
a
s m
easu
red
in
b
rain
acti
vit
y level
Fair player Unfair player
women
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Em
path
y
a
s m
easu
red
in
b
rain
acti
vit
y level
Fair player Unfair player
women
men
No interaction
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Em
path
y
a
s m
easu
red
in
b
rain
acti
vit
y level
Fair player Unfair player
women
men
Interaction
![Page 26: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Em
path
y
a
s m
easu
red
in
b
rain
acti
vit
y level
Fair player Unfair player
women
men
Interaction
![Page 27: Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments Prof. Jan Lauwereyns jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfe41a28abf838cb5946/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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M
ean
rati
ng
(
hig
h =
have h
on
ou
red
well)
Maori have honoured…
Pakehahave honoured…
How well have people honoured the Treaty of Waitangi?
Pakeha think…
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M
ean
rati
ng
(
hig
h =
have h
on
ou
red
well)
Maori have honoured…
Pakehahave honoured…
Maori think…
Pakeha think…
How well have people honoured the Treaty of Waitangi?