introduction to spray polyurethane foam (spf) to spray polyurethane foam (spf) ... history of spf in...

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Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Spray Polyurethane Foam and the ICC Building Codes September 15 th , 2008 Minneapolis, MN Rick Duncan Technical Director, Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance

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Page 1: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)

Spray Polyurethane Foam and the ICC Building Codes

September 15th, 2008Minneapolis, MN

Rick DuncanTechnical Director, Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance

Page 2: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Who is SPFA?

• Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance– Founded in 1997 as Polyurethane Foam Contractors Division of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI)

– Independent trade association for contractors, manufacturers, and distributors of polyurethane foam, equipment, and protective coatings, inspections, surface preparations, and other services. 

–Maintains strong relationship with the American Chemistry Council (ACC) and the Center for Polyurethanes Industry (CPI)

Page 3: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

What does SPFA do?

• Education and Research– Accreditation and Education programs

– Technical Literature and Guidelines

– "Hotline" for Technical questions (1‐800‐523‐6154) 

– Industry Research Programs

• Promotion and Awareness– Regulatory and Legislative Activities 

– Promotional and Marketing Tools 

– Website www.sprayfoam.org

– Annual Spray Foam Conference and Exposition 

– Spray FoamMagazine

– Directory and Buyers' Guide

Page 4: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

History of SPF in Buildings

• Building Envelope and Roofing– NOT Urea‐Formaldehyde Foam Insulation (UFFI)

–Medium/High Density Closed‐Cell SPF• 30‐35 year history

• Walls, floors, ceilings, attics…

• Low‐slope roofs

– Low‐Density Open‐Cell SPF• 15‐20 year history

• Walls, floors, ceilings, attics…

courtesy BASF

courtesy BaySystems

courtesy Icynene

Page 5: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Insulation Family Tree

Page 6: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset FoamsThermoset

• Common types– Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)

– Polyisocyanurate Boardstock(PIR)

• Two components– Isocyanate (A‐side) 

– Resin (B‐side)

• Combustible; does not melt

• Recyclable in solid‐form

Thermoplastic

• Common Types– Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)

– Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

– Foamed Polyethylene (FPE)

• Combustible; melts

• Recyclable in melted liquid and solid form

Page 7: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

SPF Chemistry Fundamentals

• A‐Side: MDI  ‐ Isocyanate

• B‐Side: Proprietary Resin – polyols , catalysts, fire retardants, blowing agents, etc.,…

• A+B = polyurethane foam

courtesy BASF courtesy BASF

Page 8: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Types of PU Foam

• One‐Component • Two‐Component

courtesy Fomo Products

courtesy Dow

courtesy Fomo Products

courtesy Fomo Products

courtesy Fomo Products

Page 9: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Types of PU Foam

• Spray Foam –Low Density

• Open‐cell, half‐lb. 

–Medium Density• Closed‐cell, two‐lb.

–High Density / Roofing• Closed‐cell, three‐lb. 

courtesy Graco

Page 10: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Jobsite Safety

• Safety– Applicator PPE

–Material Handling (MSDS)

– Jobsite Safety

See SPFA’s Contractor Safety and Product Stewardship Program

courtesy BASF

courtesy Graco

Page 11: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Residential Applications

UNVENTED CRAWLSPACES

FLOORS

BELOW GRADE WALLS

UNVENTED ATTICScourtesy Dow

ATTIC FLOORS

courtesy BASF

courtesy Honeywell

CATHEDRALIZED CEILINGS

courtesy BASF

BASEMENT WALLS

courtesy Honeywell

GARAGE CEILINGS

courtesy Honeywell

courtesy Honeywell

EXTERIOR WALLS

courtesy Honeywell/BSC

courtesy BASF

INTERIOR WALLS

courtesy Icynene

courtesy NCFI

Page 12: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Commercial Applications

FRAME WALLS

EXTERIOR WALLS

LOW-SLOPE ROOFS

courtesy BaySystems

courtesy BaySystemscourtesy BASF

courtesy Honeywell/BSC

courtesy BASFcourtesy Honeywell

INTERIOR WALLS

METAL

BUILDINGMASONRY WALLS

courtesy Demilec courtesy Demilec

Page 13: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

What Are the Benefits of SPF?Fiberglass

BattsCellulose XPS EPS

Open Cell SPF

Closed Cell

SPF

Insulation (R/inch) 3.0‐4.0 3.0‐4.0 5.0 3.0‐4.0 3.6 ‐4.5 5.8‐6.8

Air Barrier/Air Impermeable

Water Vapor Retarder *Water Resistant

Cavity Insulation

Continuous Insulation

Low‐Slope Roofing (Ext)

Formaldehyde‐Free *Structural Strength

Page 14: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

SPF = Consistent Performance

• ATI Guarded Hotbox Study

– Whole‐wall thermal performance: frame wall

– Extreme temperatures: ‐15, 25 and 115F

– Simulated 15 mph wind    (air pressure load)

WHOLE-WALL INSULATION PERFORMANCE

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Outdoor Temperature (deg F)

Wal

l Per

form

ance

Inde

x

Fiberglass Batts

SPF

1.71-2.10 cfm

0.18-0.27 cfm

Page 15: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

SPF and the International Codes

• Code Sections– Separate from ‘traditional’ insulations

– IBC: Ch 26, Section 2603 Foam Plastic Insulation

– IRC: Ch 3, R314 Foamed Plastic

• Code Focus– Fire Protection

– Thermal Performance

–Moisture Control

Page 16: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Surface Burning Test

• Surface Burning Characteristics[IBC 2603.3 / IRC R314.3] – ASTM E84 / UL 723 Steiner Tunnel Test

• Flame Spread Index (FSI) • Smoke Developed Index (SDI) • FSI/SDI is 0/0 for fiber‐cement• FSI/SDI is 100/100 for red oak• Limited to 4” thickness

– Class II – FSI ≤ 75, SDI ≤ 450– Class I – FSI ≤ 25, SDI ≤ 450– Roofing – FSI ≤ 75, SDI unlimited– CHECK with manufacturer or ESR for testing >4”

courtesy Dow

Page 17: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermal Barriers

• Thermal Barrier Requirement[IBC 2603.4 / IRC R314.4]

–Separates insulation from interior of building

–Approved 15 minute thermal barrier • ½” gypsum wallboard is most commonly used

• Others to be tested per ASTM E119 and/or full‐scale fire tests

–Exceptions to Thermal Barrier requirement…

Page 18: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermal Barrier Exceptions

• Inside masonry or concrete walls* [IBC 2603.4.1.1 / IRC R314.5.2]

• Cooler and freezer walls*    [IBC 2603.4.1.2‐3]• Laminated metal wall panels‐one story     [IBC 2603.4.1.4] 

• Roofing assembly*    [IBC 2603.4.1.5 / IRC R314.5.2]

• Entry doors    [IBC 2603.4.1.7‐8  /  IRC R314.5.5]• Garage doors    [IBC 2603.4.1.9 / IRC R314.5.6]• Siding backer board    [IBC 2603.4.1.10 / IRC R314.5.7] 

* Some SPF applications here

Page 19: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermal Barrier Exceptions

• Sill Plates and Headers [IBC 2603.4.1.13 / IRC R314.5.11]

– Limited to Type V construction

–Max thickness 3.25”

–Medium density foam only

– Class I Foam

courtesy BASF

Page 20: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermal Barrier Exceptions

• Attics and Crawl Spaces [IBC 2603.4.1.6 / IRC R314.5.3]

– Entry is made for service of utilities

– Ignition barrier is required separating attic/crawlspace space from foam

– Thermal barrier required between attic/crawlspace and occupied space

courtesy Icynene

Page 21: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Ignition Barrier Requirements

• Ignition Barrier [IBC 2603.4.1.6 / IRC R314.5.3]

– Prescriptive ignition barriers include:

• 1.5” mineral fiber insulation

• 0.25” wood structural panels

• 0.375 particleboard

• 0.25” hardboard

• 0.375” gypsum board

• Corrosion‐resistant steel having a base metal thickness of 0.016 “

– Alternative Assemblies by Special Approval Testing

Page 22: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Alternative Assemblies

• Special Approval Tests [IBC 2603.9 / IRC R314.6]

– NFPA 286 ‐ Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth (with the acceptance criteria of Section 803.2/R315.4)

– FM 4880 ‐ Fire Rating of Insulated Wall or Wall and Roof/Ceiling Panels, Interior Finish Materials or Coatings, and Exterior Wall Systems

– UL 1040 ‐ Safety Fire Test of Insulated Wall Construction

– UL 1715 – Fire test of interior finish material

– End‐use fire tests

courtesy NCFI Polyurethanes

Page 23: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

End‐Use Fire Testing

• Special Approval for Foam In Attics and Crawlspaces– ICC‐ES has issued ESR’s for this application 

• Qualifies foam alone or foam with intumescent coating

• SPFA‐committee working with ICC‐ES to update alternative testing procedure

courtesy NCFI Polyurethanes

Page 24: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Unvented Attics

• Unvented Attics[IRC R806.4 2007 Supplement]

– IRC allows unvented attics in all climate zones • Unvented attic within thermal envelope

• No vapor retarder on attic floor

• Special ventilation for wood shingles

• Vapor retarder requirements in cold climates (ASTM E96 a)

• Air‐impermeable insulation requirements (ASTM E283 or E2178)

courtesy Dow

courtesy Demilec

Page 25: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Crawlspaces

• Unvented Crawlspaces [IRC R408.3]

– IRC allows unvented crawlspaces in all climate zones • Exposed earth covered and sealed with vapor retarder

• Controlled ventilation/airflow requirements

• Ignition barrier satisfactory

CRAWLSPACES

courtesy Honeywell

Page 26: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Thermal and Moisture

• Thermal Performance, R‐value[IBC 1301  IECC 102.1.1 / IRC N1102.1 / 16CFR Part 460 ]

–Measure per ASTM C 518 or C 177

– At installed thickness or extrapolated from R‐value at representative thickness per FTC rule; Refer to ESR

–Must be aged R‐value for SPF, as applicable

• Moisture Permeance [IECC 402.5 / IRC R318]

–Measure per ASTM E 96 dry cup (method A)

– Approximately 2 inches of closed‐cell SPF provides ≤ 1 perm

Page 27: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

SPF and Code Compliance

• ICC‐ES Acceptance Criteria– AC‐12 for Foamed Plastic: XPS, EPS, PIR

– AC‐377 for Froth and Spray Polyurethane Foams:   ‐‐ NEW 3/1/08

• (A) ICC‐ES Reports – Required Data

• R‐value, Surface Burning Characteristics (at thickness), Physical Properties

– Optional Data• Air permeance, Water absorption, WVTR, Full‐scale fire tests,…

• (B) Alternate Product Documentation– 3rd Party Test Data, Product Data Sheets also acceptable

Page 28: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

On the Jobsite

• Product Labeling [IBC 2603.2 / IRC R314.2]

– Containers on job site shall have mfg name, product ID, product listing, suitability for use

– Alternately, 

• Installation Certificate [IECC 102.1.1 / IRC N1101.8]– Provided by contractor to builder/homeowner

– Thickness, R‐value and product listing or data sheet

– Placed on electric service panel or other conspicuous location

Page 29: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

On the Jobsite

• Quick Tips–Open‐Cell SPF: 

• Frequently expanded beyond studs

• Trimmed/shaved to fill cavity

• Soft to the touch

– Closed‐Cell SPF:• Does not expand beyond wall stud faces

• Not usually trimmed, does not fill cavity

• Firm to the touch

– Color ≠ Foam Type

Get product data sheet, ESR and/or certification from builder/designer[IRC N1101.8]

courtesy NCFI Polyurethanes

Page 30: Introduction to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) to Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) ... History of SPF in Buildings ... courtesy BASF courtesy BaySystems

Where can you learn more?

• SPFA Accreditation Training• SPFA Website and Annual Conference 

– AY document access 

• SPFA Guide For Building Officials (in progress)• Formulators and Systems House Suppliers

SPFAEXCELLENCE THROUGH EDUCATION

SprayFoam 2009January 11-14, 2009

Renaissance Austin Hotel9721 Arboretum Blvd.

Austin, TX 78759 Phone: 1-512-343-2626

SPFA Website:www.sprayfoam.org