introduction to the animal kingdom - weebly · class cephalopoda (head-foot) body sides anterior -...
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Introduction to the
Animal Kingdom
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Which of these is an “animal”?
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Answer: They are all animals!
Characteristics of Animals:
heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
multicellular
lack cell walls.
95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone)
5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)
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Biology = study of life
Physiology = Study of
the functions of organs
Anatomy = the
structure of the
organism/organs
Zoology = study of
animals
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Animal Functions 1.Feeding:
Herbivore = eats plants
Carnivore = eats animals
Omnivore = eats plants and animals
Detritivore = eats decaying organic material
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Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that
strain food from water
Examples: whale
shark, sponges
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Parasite = lives in or on another organism
(symbiotic relationship)
Examples:
roundworms,
tapeworms, ticks, lice
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2. Respiration:
Take in O2 and
give off CO2
Lungs or gills
or through skin
(diffusion)
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3. Circulation:
Very small animals rely on diffusion
Larger animals have circulatory system
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4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia
The kidney is the main organ of excretion
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6. Movement: How they move can vary
(swim, crawl, fly, run, slither)
*Some animals don’t move at all!
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What is the difference between:
Quadrupedal & Bipedal
Terrestrial & Aquatic
Sessile & Motile
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7. Reproduction: Most
reproduce sexually =
genetic diversity
Many invertebrates can
also reproduce asexually
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Quick Check
1. A basking shark obtains its food by _________ _________
2. An animal that eats plants and other animals is called a(n)
__________________
3. Any animal that lives on or in another animal and causes harm
is called a _____________________________
4. The study of the functions of organs is called ____________
5. An animal that feeds on dead or decaying matter is called a(n)
___________________
6. Animals can respire with lungs, gills, or _________________
7. Sexual reproduction increases genetic _______________
8. What is the main organ of excretion? ______________
9. The study of animals is called _________________
10. Responses occur as a result of a(n) ________________
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What are the seven functions of living systems?
1. Feeding
2. ________________________
3. Circulation
4. __________________________
5. Response
6. Movement
7. __________________________
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Body Symmetry
- the body plan of an animal, how its parts
are arranged
Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)
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Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel
(starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
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Jellyfish are animals with radial symmetry
They are predators
Some are venomous
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Bilateral Symmetry -
has a right and left side
(humans, insects, cats, etc)
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Identify the Symmetry
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Cephalization - an anterior concentration of
sense organs (to have a head)
Octopus –
member of the
class
Cephalopoda
(head-foot)
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Body Sides
anterior - toward the head
posterior - toward the tail
dorsal - back side
ventral - belly side
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Segmentation
Animals have body segments,
and specialization of tissue (even
humans are segmented, look at
the ribs and spine)
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Trends in Animal Evolution
Early Development
Animals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)
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The cells in the zygote divide to form the
BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells
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The blastula pinches inward to form three
GERM LAYERS
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MOUTH
FIRST
ANUS
FIRST
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Animal Kingdom Phyla
Phylum Porifera
– sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
– sea
anemones,
jellyfish, hydra
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Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms
Free-living Planarian Parasitic
Tapeworm Lives in intestines
Food contamination
Lives in freshwater
Can regenerate
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Phylum Annelida –
segmented worms
Phylum Nematoda –
roundworms
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Phylum Mollusca – clams, squid, snails
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Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans,
insects, spiders
This is the largest phylum in the
animal kingdom and contains
the most number of species
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Phylum Echinodermata -
starfish
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Phylum Chordata –
includes all vertebrates