introduction to transportation systems planning (geog 111/211a) september 2006
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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PLANNING PLANNING (GEOG 111/211A) (GEOG 111/211A)
September 2006
SyllabusSyllabus
2 days/week lectures 1 lab session/week Blocks of material:
– Policy/Planning – Transportation and Environment– Modeling (Activity-based & 4-step model) – Data Analysis
Projects/ExamsProjects/Exams
Class Project– A Travel Survey for California Part A – Survey Review Part B – Draft Design and Pilot Part C – Final Design Your Deliverables = Survey Design Progress memos
and a Final Report PLUS a Professional presentation – TRB style
Grads – Research = Individual Special Topic Based on Extra Readings and a Technical Presentation
Reading ResourcesReading Resources
Undergraduate Texts:
– The Geography of Urban Transportation byHanson and Giuliano editors
– Transportation Systems Planning by Goulias editor No charge at www.engnetbase.com
Reading ResourcesReading Resources
Other Texts:– Urban Transportation Planning by
Meyer and Miller
– Transportation, A geographic Analysis byWilliam Black
– Modelling Transport byOrtuzar and Willumsen
Other ResourcesOther Resources
Transport Geography: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html
Travel Model Improvement Program: http://tmip.fhwa.dot.gov/clearinghouse/
National Transportation Data:– http://www.bts.gov/
Survey Archive– http://www.surveyarchive.org/
KeyKey IdeasIdeas::
Policy - Planning - Forecasting - Operations Management sequences apply to many areas
The theories, models, processes, and ideas we will review can be used in many technology areas
Transport studies have been by tradition interdisciplinary (e.g., geography & psychology, engineering & economics, engineering & psychology)
In GEOG 111/211A we will look at long range policies and plans, regional short term management tools, and new technologies
You will take active part in defining many ideas in the course Typical format = overview by Goulias -- discussion of topics -- work in
class -- summary
OutlineOutline
Introduction & Background (today)Transportation Technologies (today)Processes in Policy-Planning (next)Statewide Planning Overview (the first
two labs)
Transport (Transportation in US)Transport (Transportation in US)
The safe and efficient movement of people and goods in an environmentally responsible manner
Transport (Transportation in US)Transport (Transportation in US)
The safe and efficient movement of people and goods in an environmentally responsible manner
Lives, property damageTime and money
Air pollution, noise, water pollution, and land
Transport System ComponentsTransport System Components
Infrastructure (environment or hardware - streets, railways, terminals)
Vehicles (cars, buses, trains) Rules & regulations (driving code) Services (emergency, maintenance, licensing) Information systems (directions, right-of-way
with signals)
& People (drivers & transport operators)
Transport System Components Transport System Components (Infrastructure & Modes)(Infrastructure & Modes)
Highways
Railways
Terminals
Other Geographic Features
Visualize the Transportation System as Layers
Transport Problems (US)Transport Problems (US)
Accidents (40,000 + fatalities and millions of injuries) Congestion (delay in minutes, TTI index) Efficiency (19% of household expenditures) Accessibility (difficulty to reach a place) Aesthetics (perception) Discomfort (perception) Noise (dB) Pollution (460 million metric tons of CO2) Energy Consumption (12 million barrels/day)
Transportation Fatalities by Mode
Mode 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004
Large air carriera 146 1 39 92 P14
Commuter air carriera N 37 6 5 P0
On-demand air taxia N 105 51 71 P65
General aviationa 1,310 1,239 767 596 P556
Highwayb 52,627 51,091 44,599 41,945 42,636
Railroadc 785 584 599 512 P528
Transitd N N 339 295 248
Commercial ship
Vessel 178 206 85 49 36
Nonvessele 420 281 101 88 57
Recreational boating 1,418 1,360 865 701 676
Gas and hazardous liquid pipeline 30 19 9 38 23
Source : BTS pocket guide
Fatalities – reaching an asymptoteFatalities – reaching an asymptote
Note: In 2004 registered vehicles and drivers are not reported yet (http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/)
2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
1.47 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.51 1.53 1.55 1.58 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.73
Fatalities per 100 Million
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Pollutant EmissionsPollutant Emissions
70%
30%38% 41%
23%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
CarbonMonoxide
CarbonDioxide
Hydrocarbons NitrogenOxides
Particulates
Pollutant
% o
f N
atio
nw
ide
Em
issi
ons
All other sources
Transportation sources alone
NoiseNoise
http://www.bts.gov/publications/
the_changing_face_of_transpo
rtation/html/figure_05_30.h
tml
SecuritySecurity
Prohibited Items Intercepted at U.S. Airport Screening Checkpoints: 2003 and 2004
Items 2003 2004
Other cutting instruments 2,973,413 3,567,731
Knives 1,961,849 2,058,652
Incendiaries and explosive/flammable materials 494,123 693,649
Clubs 25,139 28,813
Box cutters 20,991 22,350
Firearms 683 650
Total prohibited items 6,114,612 7,089,599
Social and Demographic Trends Social and Demographic Trends (US)(US)
Household size decreases More women in the labor force More part-time employed people People live further from work & activity centers
(urban sprawl) Increasing real income Increasing car ownership (206 million vehicles,
179 million drivers) Increasing Sport-Utility Vehicles (~4-wheel drive)Baby boomers are not going to stay home!
Transport TrendsTransport Trends
Accidents (decreasing and/or reaching plateau on a per mile basis) Congestion (increasing in suburbs) Efficiency (increasing but not clear) Accessibility (more places to reach-by car good) Aesthetics (see strip developments-unknown trend) Discomfort (?) Noise (?) Pollution (increasing CO2 - decrease in other - “stable” NOx) Energy Consumption (increasing) Dependency on foreign oil (increasing)
Transport Solutions & Transport Solutions & Technologies OverviewTechnologies Overview
Accidents - automotive improvements, highway design, longitudinal barriers, pavement, new control systems
Congestion - traffic control, incident/emergency management, integrate private car with other modes
Efficiency -double stack railcars, longer and larger trucks, telecommuting, intermodal transfers
Accessibility - use telecommunications to substitute/complement travel, provide public transport, design cities in a compact way
Transport Solutions Transport Solutions &Technologies Overview&Technologies Overview Aesthetics - new design techniques (see noise walls), eliminate
strip development, create neo-traditional designs Discomfort - smooth pavements, maintenance of roads, new
railcar technology Noise - pavement/tire improvements Pollution - new catalytic converters, electric cars and hybrids,
traffic management systems Energy Consumption - European example in 1980s but see
SUVs, increase in Kilometers traveled