introduction to z/vm and linux on system z intro-to-zvm-and-linux-on-z_.pdf · 10 intro to z/vm...

© 2006 IBM Corporation

Introduction to

Malcolm BeattieLinux Technical Consultant, IBM UK

z/VM and Linux on System z

From a presentation by Ralf Schiefelbein, IBM Germany

2 01/16/07Intro to z/VM & Linux on System z

Trademarks

Intel is a trademark of the Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.Java and all Javarelated trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries.Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.SET and Secure Electronic Transaction are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.* All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Notes: Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions.This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area.All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.Information about nonIBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to nonIBM products. Questions on the capabilities of nonIBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.This presentation and the claims outlined in it were reviewed for compliance with US law. Adaptations of these claims for use in other geographies must be reviewed by the local country counsel for compliance with local laws.

* Registered trademarks of IBM Corporation

The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

AIX*CICS*DB2*DB2ConnectDB2 Universal Databaseebusiness logo

ESCON*FICONIBM*IBM logo*IMS/ESAMQSeries*

System i5*System xVSE/ESAVirtualisation Engine*WebSpherez/OS

The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies.

Multiprise*NetfinityOS/390*PR/SMRS/6000*S/390*

S/390 Parallel Enterprise ServerSecureWaySystem/390*System z9*System p5*

z/VMzSeriesxSeriespSeriesBladeCenterOn Demand


Logical representation of resources not constrained by physical limitations► Create many virtual resources within single physical device

► Reach beyond the box – see and manage many virtual resources as one

► Dynamically change and adjust across the infrastructure

What is virtualization?


* Resources include: processors, memory, I/O adapters and devices, networking interfaces, coprocessors

Partitioning is the division of a single server’s resources* into multiple, independent, isolated systems capable of running their own operating system

Three types of partitioning:► Hardware – resources are allocated to partitions on a onetoone

basis with the underlying physical hardware (no sharing among partitions)

► Logical – resources are managed by hardware firmware and allocated to partitions with a finer granularity than hardware partitioning (resource sharing among partitions)

► Software – resources are managed by a software layer, aggregated into shared resource pools, and apportioned to users as virtual system resources, separating the presentation of the resources from the actual physical entities

What is partitioning?


Hardware partitioning subdivides a server into fractions, each of which can run an OS Hypervisors use a thin layer of code to achieve finegrained, dynamic resource sharing Type 1 hypervisors with high efficiency and availability will become dominant for servers Type 2 hypervisors will be mainly for clients where host OS integration is desirable

Hypervisor software/firmwareruns directly on server

Hypervisor software runs ona host operating system

System z PR/SM and z/VMPOWER HypervisorHP Integrity VMVMware Infrastructure (ESX)

VMware Server (GSX)Xen HypervisorMicrosoft Virtual Server

Sun Domains, HP nPartitionsLogical partitioning

Physical partitioning

System p LPAR, HP vPartitions

Adjustablepartitions

PartitionController

...

SMP Server

OS

Apps

OS

Apps

Hypervisor

SMP Server

...OS

Apps

OS

Apps

Host OS

SMP Server

Hypervisor

...OS

Apps

OS

Apps

Hardware Partitioning Hypervisor: Type 1 Hypervisor: Type 2

Server Virtualization Approaches


What: Virtual Machines

A virtual machine is an execution context that obeysthe architecture

The purpose of z/VM is to virtualize the real hardware:► Faithfully replicate the z/Architecture Principles of Operation► Permit any virtual configuration that could legitimately exist in real hardware► Let many virtual machines operate simultaneously► Allow over commitment of the real hardware (processors, for example)► Your limits will depend on the size of your physical zSeries computer

Virtual machine aka VM user ID, VM logon, VM Guest, Virtual Server

Hypervisor (z/VM Control Program)

Virtual Machine…Virtual MachineVirtual Machine


What: Virtual Machines in Practice

Control Program Component – manages virtual machines that adhere to the S/390 architecture and the z/Architecture

Extensions available through CP system services and features

CMS is special single user system and part of z/VM Control Program interaction via console device

Hypervisor (z/VM Control Program)

Othersz/TPFLinux 64bit

Linux 32bitz/VSECMSz/OS


Phrases Associated with Virtual Machines

Logical processorLogical processor

Logical processor

Logical processor

Logical processor

Logical processor

Logical processor

PR/SM LPARLogical PartitionLogical Partition

z/VM Control Program

Virtual processorVirtual processor

Virtual processor

Virtual processor

z/VM Control Program

Virtual processor z/OS or z/VSE

Linux

Linux


Phrases associated with Virtual Machines In VM

► Guest: a system that is operating in a virtual machine,also known as user or userid

► Running under VM or Running on VM: Running a systemas a guest of VM

► Running second level: Running a system as a guest of VMwhich is itself a guest of another VM

► A virtual machine may have multiple virtual processors► Sharing is very important

In relationship to LPAR (partitioning)► Logical Partition: LPAR equivalent of a virtual machine► Logical Processor: LPAR equivalent of a virtual processor► Running native or Running in BASIC mode: running without

LPAR● Note: Basic mode is not available on z890, z990 or z9

► Isolation is very important


System z – A closer look at the ultimate virtualization resource

Utilization often exceeds 80%► Handles peak workload

utilization of 100% without service level degradation

Massive consolidation platform► 60 logical partitions, hundreds of

virtual servers under z/VM► Virtualization is builtin, not addedon► HiperSockets for memoryspeed

communication► Most sophisticated and complete

hypervisor function available Intelligent & autonomic mgmt.

of diverse workloads andsystem resources based on business policies and workload performance objectives

IBM Mainframe

CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 CPU 4

Partitioning Firmware

z/VM z/VM z/VM


System z virtualization / partitioning

IFL Processors

Memory

z/VM

Linux Linux CMS Linux

L P A R

Memory

z/OS

L P A R

Control Program

WebSphere

Memory

L P A R

Processor Resource / System Manager (PR/SM)

Traditional OLTP and

BatchApacheSysAdmin

Tools

WebSphere

Test

HiperSockets & Virtual Networking and Switching

WLM WLM

I/O & Network

Processors

z/OS

z/VM

Linux

FTP

z/OS

Test

Memory

L P A R

System z provides two levels of partitioning

► PR/SM enablesscalable virtual server hosting for LPAR environments

► z/VM provides hypervisor function for highly scalable virtualization


Logical Partitions (LPARs)

Virtual Servers z/VM

z/VM – Unlimited Virtualization

Mature technology► CP67 introduced in 1967

Software Hypervisor integrated in hardware► Sharing of CPU, memory and I/O resources► Virtual network – virtual switches/routers ► Virtual I/O (minidisks, virtual cache, …)► Virtual appliances (SNA/NCP, etc.)

Easy management► Rapid install of new servers

● Cloning or IBM Director task z/VM Center► Selfoptimizing workload management► Excellent automation and system management

facilities► Flexible solution for test and development

systems


The value of z/VM for Linux

Enhanced performance, growth and scalability► Server consolidation enables horizontal growth► Ntier architecture on two tiers of hardware► Extensive support for sharing resources ► Virtual networking► Effective isolation of Linux images, if required

Increased productivity► Development and testing► Production support

Improved operations► Backup and recovery► Command and control LPAR

Linux onSystem z images

Server farms

z/VM


Key points to remember about virtualization Virtualization is not about higher performance

► Applications are not going to run faster on servers engaged in application consolidation. It is very important, though, that applications not run perceptibly slower. Increased efficiency and simplified management is the objective.

Higher utilization (virtualization) is directly proportional to available server throughput► All virtualization technologies must work within resource constraints of server

infrastructure. (All servers have a finite throughput capability.)► Throughput potential can best be identified with “changed data” benchmarks.

Virtualization will not overcome a weak server architecture► Virtualization introduces mixed / random / unpredictable behavior. Applications have

different instruction and data working sets, putting dynamic pressure on the server interconnect.

► Customers cannot afford to consolidate applications on low reliability servers! A history with virtualization matters

► Virtualization on IBM System z and POWER is an integration of hardware, firmware and software. All other architectures are physical and/or software implementations.

► Security, isolation, fairshare scheduling are not buzzwords. Common criteria certification.


Linux, IBM, andLinux on System z


Why is Linux is important to customers

Drivers to use Linux Today► Attractive hardware

acquisition costs► Availability of lowcost, Open

Source software► Linux runs across all hardware

platforms● x86, x8664, RISC and CISC

(including mainframes)► Interest in alternatives to Windows

and UNIX, offering customers choice in software platforms

► Expectations of improved price/performance

► Reuse of existing UNIX skills in enterprise, HPC computing

Linux is about choiceand flexibility

Linux is secure Linux is reliable Linux drives business goals:

► Reduce costs► Simplification► Improve application service levels► Promotes innovation► Internally change business process

and drive contribution to business► Generate revenue

Source: IDC Directions 2005


Standard Linux with ASCII Environment Uses System z HW, including IEEE floating point, HiperSockets, FCP

(Open Fibre Channel), CPACF cryptographic CPU instructions, … Runs native, within an LPAR, or under z/VM

Design Principles► Not a unique version of Linux

(Linux is Linux is Linux)► No change to Look & Feel of Linux on System z► The IBM commitment to z/OS, z/TPF, and z/VSE is not affected

What is Linux on System z?

Delta as low as 5%

LinuxKernel

GNURTL

GNUBinutils

Linux ApplikationGNU

Compiler

System z HardwareIBM developedr Code

IBM developedr Code


Integrated Facility for Linux

Additional engines dedicated to Linux workloads► Supports z/VM and Linux on System z► IFLs on “subuni” systems run at “full speed”

● z800, z890, z9 EC, z9 BC

Traditional mainframe software charges unaffected► IBM mainframe software► Independent Software Vendor products

Linux and z/VM charged only against the IFLs


What System z brings to Linux The most reliable hardware platform available

► Redundant processors and memory► Error detection and correction► Remote Support Facility (RSF)

Designed to support mixed work loads► Allows consolidation while maintaining one server per application► Complete work load isolation

Centralized Linux systems are easier to manage Scalability

► System z9 scales to 54 application processors► 2 spare processors and up to 8 dedicated I/O processors► Hundreds of Linux virtual servers

Access to System z specific hardware► Cryptographic support – CPACF, Crypto Express2► HiperSockets for ultrahigh speed communication


IBM Software for Linux Product Matrixibm.com/linux/matrix


Application serving with Linux on System z

z/VM z/OS

System z

The best LAN is one with

no wires

Internal networkDemilitarized Zone (DMZ)Outside world

Public Key Infrastructure

User

Commerce Server

Caching Proxy Server w/ HTTP Load Balancing

Load Balancer with SSL Acceleration

Shared File System

Directory Server

Application Node

Collaboration Server

Web Application

Server

Firewall / LoadBalancer

Systems Management

Database Server

Domain Name Server

Web Application

Server

Internet

Firewall / LoadBalancer

Domain Firewall

Protocol Firewall


When shouldLinux on System z be used?


Typical Server Utilization (absolute)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

00:1

0:00

03:3

0:00

06:5

0:00

10:1

0:00

13:3

0:00

16:5

0:00

20:1

0:00

23:3

0:00

03:0

0:00

06:2

0:00

09:4

0:00

13:0

0:00

16:2

0:00

19:4

0:00

23:0

0:00

02:3

0:00

05:5

0:00

09:1

0:00

12:3

0:00

15:5

0:00

19:1

0:00

22:3

0:00

02:0

0:00

05:2

0:00

08:4

0:00

12:0

0:00

15:2

0:00

18:4

0:00

22:0

0:00

01:3

0:00

04:5

0:00

08:1

0:00

11:3

0:00

14:5

0:00

18:1

0:00

21:3

0:00


0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

00:1

0:00

03:2

0:00

06:3

0:00

09:4

0:00

12:5

0:00

16:0

0:00

19:1

0:00

22:2

0:00

01:4

0:00

04:5

0:00

08:0

0:00

11:1

0:00

14:2

0:00

17:3

0:00

20:4

0:00

23:5

0:00

03:1

0:00

06:2

0:00

09:3

0:00

12:4

0:00

15:5

0:00

19:0

0:00

22:1

0:00

01:3

0:00

04:4

0:00

07:5

0:00

11:0

0:00

14:1

0:00

17:2

0:00

20:3

0:00

23:4

0:00

03:0

0:00

06:1

0:00

09:2

0:00

12:3

0:00

15:4

0:00

18:5

0:00

22:0

0:00

Typical Server Utilization (relative)

Installed Capacity


LogicalSimplification

Consistent Systems Mgmt. Multiple OS’s per ServerRapid ProvisioningAutomat. Workload Mgmt.

Virtualization

Virtual Server,Storage, Network

StorageServer

Network

Physical Consolidation

Windows Server

UNIX Server

LinuxServer

Network

Less Server and LicenseDifferent Mgmt. Tools Labour-intensive Provisioning

Storage

The Road to IT Simplification

ManagementServer

Windows Server

Linux Server

UNIX® Server

1 Workload per ServerDifferent Mgmt ToolsManual Provisioning

Complex

Network

Storage

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/800.html


4Q/00 4Q/01 4Q/02 4Q/03 4Q/04 4Q/053Q06

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900# ISVs

# Appl.

ISV Support for Linux on System z

As of: Sept. 2006For more details please see: http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/os/linux/apps/all.html


Some Linux on System z References

http://www.vhv.de/web/index.jsp

http://www.vhv.de/web/index.jsp


Redbooks for Linux on System z (www.redbooks.ibm.com)

Actual 141 entries, e.g.:► IBM System z9 109 Technical Introduction, SG24666900,

Redbook, published 26 July 2005► z/VM and Linux on zSeries: from LPAR to Virtual Servers in Two Days, SG24669500,

Redbook, published 20 June 2005► IBM Communication Controller Migration Guide, SG24629801,

Redbook, published 14 June 2005► Linux on zSeries: Samba3 Performance Observations, REDP398800,

Redpaper, published 1 April 2005► IBM eServer zSeries Connectivity Handbook, SG24544404,

Redbook, published 15 February 2005► Experiences with Oracle 10g Database on Linux for zSeries, REDP385900,

Redpaper, last update 22 December 2004► ...

http://publibb.boulder.ibm.com/cgibin/searchsite.cgi?query=Linux+and+(System+and+z9+or+zseries+or+S/390)


IBM Linux ibm.com/linux

IBM Software ibm.com/linux/software

IBM Global Services ibm.com/linux/support

IBM Linux on System z ibm.com/systems/z/os/linux

IBM developer works ibm.com/developerworks

IBM z/VM vm.ibm.com

Red Hat europe.redhat.com

Novell/SUSE novell.comExternal Linux onSystem z Mailing List www.marist.edu/htbin/wlvindex?linux390

Some Websites


Many Thanks for your Attention!

Malcolm BeattieIBM UK

Europe System z TeameMail: [email protected]

introduction to z/vm and linux on system z intro-to-zvm-and-linux-on-z_.pdf · 10 intro to z/vm...

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