investigate how internal structures of organisms have adaptations that allow specific functions

In this presentation you will:

Biological Adaptations

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Introduction

The environment is always changing. Organisms must be able to adapt (change) if they are to survive and successfully reproduce in the new environmental conditions.

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Skeleton

For example, some birds have adapted to have hollow or porous bones.

To allow some organisms to survive better in their environment, their internal structures have become adapted.

This makes their skeleton lighter, and makes it easier for them to fly.

Hollow bird bone

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Skeleton

Some hummingbirds have adapted to have an extra pair of ribs.

These support the muscle bulk required for their style of flight.

Regular Bird

Hummingbird

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Breathing

They have developed gills to allow them to ‘breathe’ underwater.

Fish must extract oxygen from water in order to survive.

Water is taken into the mouth and passed over the gills, which exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide.The water is then fed out of the slits.

OxygenCarbon Dioxide

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Feeding

Animals need to eat plants or other animals to get enough nutrients to survive.

Plants use photosynthesis to produce the food they need to survive, but animals cannot do this.

Their internal structure has adapted to allow for this process.

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Feeding

Cattle have adapted to have four stomach sections that process vegetation (grass) very efficiently.

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Feeding

Crocodiles, on the other hand, have adapted and have stomachs containing very strong acid.The acid can dissolve the bones of the animals they swallow!

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Reproduction

Female hummingbirds have adapted to only have one ovary at maturity.

For the continuation of a species, animals and plants need to reproduce.

This still allows reproduction, but it saves weight, which helps them fly!

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Plants

It is not just animals that have adapted internal structures for specific functions. Plants have too.Consider the structure that most plants use to transport waterand nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

xylem

Cross section of plant stem

This structure is called xylem.

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Plants

Many submerged plants have adapted so they do not use xylem.

This is because their leaves absorb the nutrients they need from the surrounding water.

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Plants

The saguaro cactus has adapted to its hot and dry environment, to have a spongy inside layer.This helps distribute water around the plant.

spongy layer

Question 1

'Adaptation is essential for a species to survive in a changing environment'

Is this statement true or false?

Answer True or False.

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True

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Question 1

Answer True or False.

'Adaptation is essential for a species to survive in a changing environment'

Is this statement true or false?

Question 2

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A) Hummingbird oversized breast bone – supporting large wing muscles

B) Elongated organs in snakes – fits body shape

C) Antifreeze glycoprotein in the blood of Antarctic tooth fish – stops freezing

D) Skin used as wings by bats – allows them to fly

Which of the following is NOT an internal structural adaptation of an organism?

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Question 2

A) Hummingbird oversized breast bone – supporting large wing muscles

B) Elongated organs in snakes – fits body shape

C) Antifreeze glycoprotein in the blood of Antarctic tooth fish – stops freezing

D) Skin used as wings by bats – allows them to fly

Which of the following is NOT an internal structural adaptation of an organism?

how internal structures of organisms have adaptations that allow specific functions

In this presentation you have seen:

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Summary