ionic compounds – polyatomic ions (metal + polyatomic ion)
TRANSCRIPT
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Ionic Compounds – Polyatomic Ions
(Metal + Polyatomic Ion)
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Learning Goals
1. To be able to determine ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions
2. To write chemical formulae containing polyatomic ions
3. To write chemical names containing polyatomic ions
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Types of Compounds
Binary Compounds
(Metal + Non-metal)
Polyatomic Compounds
(Metal + Polyatomic ion)
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Polyatomic Ions• Polyatomic ion: are ions that consists of a stable
group of several atoms acting together as a single charged particle.
• The ionic charge of a polyatomic ion is shared over the entire ion rather than being on just one atom.
• Polyatomic ions are sometimes called radicals. • These polyatomic ions bond with a metal to form
another type of ionic compound.• 3- Phosphate Ion
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Formulas and Charges of Common Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Compound Name Ion Formula Ion Charge/Valence
carbonate CO3 2- 2-
nitrate NO3 - 1-
nitrite NO2 - 1-
phosphate PO4 3- 3-
sulphate SO4 2- 2-
sulphite SO3 2- 2-
hydroxide OH - 1-
chlorate ClO3 - 1-
*You must know how to use the back of your PT.
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Writing Formulas
• Writing the formula for a polyatomic compound is similar to writing the formula for a binary ionic compound.
• First determine if it is a polyatomic compound? In other words, does it contain a _______metal_________ and a __polyatomic ion__ (a group of non-metals that act as one).
• Most polyatomic ions do NOT end in ____”-ide”____ except __hydroxide___.
• This is one of your clues to indicate that a compound contains a polyatomic ion.
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What is the most common ending for the name of ....a polyatomic anion? “ –ate” (nitrate, chlorate, sulfate, phosphate)Or “ –ite” (nitrite, chlorite, sulfite, phosphite)
• Once you have determined that a compound is polyatomic then you can figure out the formula.
Let’s try!
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Writing Formulas for Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
Method # 1
• Use the sum zero rule we learned
• Together on board!
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Writing Formulas for Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
Method #2What is the chemical formula of copper (I) sulphate?Step 1: Write the symbol of each ion, with its charge. Cu1+ (SO4)-2
Step 2: Crisscross the numbers of the ionic charges so that they become subscripts.
Cu1+ (SO4)-2
Step 3: Write any necessary subscripts after the brackets around each ion.
The formula of copper (II) nitrate is Cu2(SO4)
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WRITING NAMES
• When naming a polyatomic compound, the _____metal name_______ is first then the
___polyatomic ion name___.
Don’t forget about ___multivalent____ metals as some of them have multiple charges.
Let’s try!
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Naming Compounds involving Polyatomic Ions
Write the name of the compound Fe(NO3)3 Step 1: Write the name of the metal and check
whether it has more than one possible ionic charge. Iron has two possible charges (+2 and +3)
Step 2: Determine the ionic charge of the metal.Fe(NO3)3
x + 3(-1) = 0 x = + 3Step 3: Write the name of the compound with the
Roman numeral if necessary.The name of Fe(NO3)3 is iron (III) nitrate.
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Nitrites are not all bad news ...• Research suggests that sodium
nitrite may help protect heart tissue after a heart attack or heart transplant
• Nitrites and nitrates occur naturally in soil and are important plant nutrients
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Hotdogs contain many chemical additives
Sodium nitritePreservative and colour enhancer
Sodium phosphateBinding agent
Sodium erythrobatePreservative