iosh west wales branch construction update bridge innovation centre pembroke dock wednesday 30 th...

IOSH West Wales Branch

Construction UpdateBridge Innovation Centre

Pembroke DockWednesday 30th September2015

1IOSH West Wales Branch

Tom Cullen

CMgr FCMI, CMIOSH, MIIRSM,Cert.Ed, Dip.RSA


Workshop Content

1. Introduction2. Health & Safety Law 3. Construction Update4. Summary


IOSH West Wales Branch 4

Introduction• Highly likely that at some stage during

employment you will be aware of, or involved with some aspect of the construction industry.

• The use of sub-contractors is very common at all levels of the industry.

• Could range from minor modification of a building, to major engineering projects;

• Important that persons involved in the management of H&S have basic knowledge and H&S legal requirements.

IntroductionStatistics

At the start of 2014:

•Small and medium sized businesses employed 15.2 million people and had a combined turnover of £1.6 trillion.•18% of all SMEs in the UK private sector operate in the Construction sector



Scope of ConstructionScope is very wide and includes:

• General building work;• Larger civil engineering projects;• Water supply & sewage schemes.• All of above could involve hazardous

operations; or• Contact with hazardous materials.• Involvement of young persons requires strict

supervision and safety arrangements, especially where on-site training is occurring.

HEALTH & SAFETYWhat is Health & Safety about?

Preventing people from being harmed at work orbecoming ill by taking the right precautions –

and providing a satisfactory working environment.


HEALTH & SAFETYWhy are there Health & Safety laws?

• Health & Safety at work is so Important, there are rules which require all of us not to put ourselves or others in danger.

• The law is also there to protect the public from workplace dangers.


HEALTH & SAFETYDo Health & Safety Laws apply to me?

Yes. To all businesses, however small; also to the self-employed and to employees.


HEALTH & SAFETYWho enforces Health & Safety Law?

Inspectors from the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) or your local authority. For example:• HSE at factories, farms and building sites;• Local authorities in offices, shops, hotels and

catering, and leisure activities.


HEALTH & SAFETYWhat do Inspectors actually do?• Visit workplaces to ensure compliance • Investigate some accidents and complaints • Provide advice • They enforce only when something is

seriously wrong.


LEGISLATION Health & Safety at Work Act 1974Enabling Act which allows for subordinate legislation such as Statutory Instruments (Sis):• COSHH• Noise at Work Regulations• PPE Regulations• PUWER• MHSWR


Obligations of Employers -Section Obligations of Employers -Section 2(2)2(2)

It shall be the duty so far as is reasonably practicable to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of all employees and the employer should provide:Healthy and safe systems at work; Healthy and safe working environment; Safe plant, machinery, equipment & appliances; Safe methods for handling, storing & transporting; Adequate instruction, training and supervision; Safe method of access to and egress from workplace.


HSWA 1974Section 7: (Employees)

It shall be the duty of every employee while at work to take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work; and to co-operate with his employer in order to enable health and safety requirements to be complied with.


HSWA 1974

Section 8:

Everyone has a duty not to interfere with or misuse

anything provided in the interests of health and safety or welfare, as a result of legal

requirements.



So Far as is Reasonably PracticableSo Far as is Reasonably Practicable• The seriousness of the risk can be weighed against the

difficulty and cost of removing it or reducing it.

• Where the difficulty and costs are high, and an assessment of the risk shows it to be comparatively low, action may not need to be taken.

• On the other hand where the risk is high action must be taken at whatever cost.

RISKCOST

(Edwards v. National Coal Board 1949Mr Edwards was killed when a section of road gave way. The section had no timber supports).

SAFETY POLICYWritten Policy if five or more employees.

The Law requires that a written H&S Policy should

include the following• Policy statement - What the organisation is

trying to achieve in safety• Organisation of health and safety - Who has

general and specific safety responsibilities• Arrangements for health and safety - How they

will carry out their safety responsibilities


Statistics• Construction industry remains one of the main high-risk

industries - but only accounts for approximately 5% of workforce.

• In 2013/2014 it accounted for 31% of the fatal injuries and 10% of reported major injuries/incidents (HSE 2014).

• HSE estimate that for the same period there were 76,000 total cases of work related ill health.

• Injuries accounted for 592,000 lost working days, and ill health for 1.7 million days (HSE, 2014).

(See below how not to work at height)


Fatal Injuries 2014/15 (HSE)Industry Employee Self Employed Worker Public TotalAgriculture 14 19 33 4 37

Mining 1 - 1 1 2

Utilities 5 1 6 7 13

Construction 24 11 35 4 39

Service 40 11 51 105 156

All 99 43 143 123 265


Statistics• In the last 20 years there has been a significant

reduction in the numbers and rates of injury in the construction industry.

• Believed to be partly due to the introduction of the Construction Design Management (CDM) Regulations 1994.

• In the past 5 years the trend has continued, with an average rate of fatal injury of 2.1 per 100,000 workers.

• In 2013/14 there were 2.0 fatal injuries per 100,000 workers (HSE, 2014).

(See below good practice)


StatisticsCDM Regulations have made a significant difference to improving awareness of health and safety risks in construction and in promoting communication and coordination between parties on projects and seek to:

•Address concerns regarding serious and fatal injuries having shifted in the past 10–15 years from large sites to small sites where there are fewer than 15 workers.


Update - CDM – 2007 to 2015Reasons for change:

It is believed that:

•CDM 2007 Regulations had not reduced bureaucracy

•Industry approach to assessment of competence was heavy handed and created another layer of bureaucracy.

•Coordination function in the pre-construction phase was not generally well handled.


CDM CHANGES• Revision aims to simplify existing Regulations and

improve interpretation;

• To align better with the EU Temporary and Mobile Construction Sites Directive (TMCSD). The key changes from the existing Regulations are highlighted below.

• 6 April 2015 the CDM Regulations changed the way in which Health & Safety is managed during the procurement, design and build phases of a construction project.

• CDM Regulations apply to all construction work/projects and always have;

• Not a new phenomenon- as thought by many.


CDM CHANGESkey changes from existing Regulations are highlighted below.

•The Regulations will apply in full to all projects where there is more than one Contractor i.e. virtually all projects, irrespective of size or project duration.

CDM Co-ordinator Role•The CDM Co-ordinator role has now been removed.

•Duties now split between Client, Principal Contractor and a newly created duty-holder –‘Principal Designer’.


CDM CHANGESAppointments

•When more than one Contractor will be required on a construction project the following parties must be appointed in writing by the Client.

•Principal Designer

•Principal Contractor

Failure to do so will result in the Client inheriting the legal responsibility for the duties of the above

parties.


CDM CHANGES

Domestic Projects

•Domestic projects are no longer exempt from the Regulations.

•If the Client for domestic work does not appoint a Principal Designer or Principal Contractor these duties are automatically placed on the first appointed Designer and Contractor accordingly.


CDM CHANGESClient Responsibilities

•Client required to appoint Principal Designer where there is more than one Contractor involved on a project, regardless of project timescale/notifiable status.

•The Client must ensure that the Principal Designer complies with their duties.


CDM CHANGESHSE Notification

•The requirements for notification under regulation 6 of CDM 2015 if the construction work on site is scheduled to:

•last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 contractors working simultaneously at any point during the project; or

•exceed 500 person days.

•The changed criteria are likely to reduce the number of notifiable projects.


CDM CHANGESHSE Notification

Who needs to notify?

•The client for the construction work is required to send the notification.

•Exceptions where client is a domestic client so responsibility for notification automatically passes to the contractor (or Principal Contractor where there is more than one).

•Principal Designer can assume responsibility for notification of a domestic project, but only where there is written agreement between the domestic client and the Principal Designer that they will carry out the client duties.


CDM CHANGESPrincipal Designer

•‘Principal Designer’ role will be undertaken by an ‘individual or organisation in control of the Pre Construction Phase’.

•This could, for example, be the Lead Designer, Project Manager or indeed the Client themselves on simple projects.

•Principal Designer is responsible for co-ordinating health and safety aspects of pre-construction phase of project.


CDM CHANGESPre Construction Information•The Client is now responsible for preparing and disseminating the Pre Construction Information (formerly done by the CDMC).Construction Phase Plan•Clients must ensure that an adequate Construction Phase Plan is drawn up by the Principal Contractor.Appointments•When more than one Contractor will be required on a construction project the following parties must be appointed in writing by the Client.•Principal Designer•Principal ContractorFailure to do so will result in the Client inheriting the

legal responsibility.IOSH West Wales Branch 40

Pre-Construction Information(Principal Designer)

Typical Pre-Construction Example Information Document Includes:•Description of the project, Programming Dates •Management Requirements and Arrangements for:

Planning for and managing construction work Communication and liaison Security of the site Welfare provision Health and Safety Affecting Third Parties Environmental Restrictions, Existing Site Risks Safety Hazards Health Hazards Significant design and construction hazards


Construction Phase Plan(Principal Contractor)

Typical Information:•General Health and Safety Policy Statement•Safety Policy Statement for Site Work•CDM Policy Statement•Professional Safety Advisors Statement•Information, Instruction and Training•Site Rules•Emergency Procedures•First Aid•Welfare Arrangements•Arrangements for Monitoring health and Safety•Method Statements, Risk Assessments and COSHH Assessments•Method Statements, Risk Assessments and COSHH Assessments•Fire Plan•Housekeeping•Key Participants


Health & Safety File• Record of relevant information for the client. • developed as the construction progresses with various

sub-contractors adding information as it becomes available.

• Typical contents will include:

The location of services and instructions on any equipment or items fitted

Plans and drawings Details of equipment in the building or structure Equipment and maintenance procedures Location of services and utilities, and Manuals produced by specialist contractors and

suppliers.


Method Statement Information• Hazards/Risks• Preventative and Emergency Measures• PPE Requirements• Environmental Measures• Protection of Others• Task Description• Employee Training/Competence• Plant and Equipment• Preparation and Induction• Welfare Facilities• First Aid Measures• Step by Step Procedures• Schedule of Works• List of Employees



Part Risk Assessment – Bricklaying (HSE example)

What are the hazards?

Who might be harmed and how?

What are you already doing?

What further action is necessary?

Action by who?

Action by when?

Done

Falling from height

Serious injury or even fatal injury could occur if a worker falls.

• Agree scaffolding requirements at contract stage, including; appropriate load rating and provision of loading bays; bricklayers’ supervisor to check with the site manager that the correct scaffold is provided and inspected; workers instructed not to interfere with or misuse scaffold; supervisor to keep an eye out for problems. Ladders in good condition, adequately secured (lashed) and placed on firm surface. Band stands with handrails to be used for work on internal walls.; Workers trained to put up bandstands

Scaffold requirements agreed, including loading bays and appropriate load rating.Supervisor to speak regularly to site manager to arrange scaffold alterations and ensure that weekly inspections have been carried out.

An other 12/12/12 11/12/12

Key PointsSummary:

1.Important that persons involved in the management of H&S have basic knowledge and H&S legal requirements associated with construction;

2.Ensure that all employees receive appropriate information, instruction, training and supervision;

3.Aspire to promote good standards of health & safety which in turn will help to improve a safety culture and morale.


iosh west wales branch construction update bridge innovation centre pembroke dock wednesday 30 th...

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