IPC TEKS 9

By,

Zack Ruiz

Becky Collins

Teks 9

• (9) Science concepts. The student knows how solution chemistry is a part of everyday life. The student is expected to:

• (A) relate the structure of water to its function as the universal solvent;

• (B) relate the concentration of ions in a solution to physical and chemical properties such as pH, electrolytic behavior, and reactivity;

• (C) simulate the effects of acid rain on soil, buildings, statues, or microorganisms;

• (D) demonstrate how various factors influence solubility including temperature, pressure, and nature of the solute and solvent; and

• (E) demonstrate how factors such as particle size, influence the rate of

dissolving.

What is the Universal Solvent?

• Water is called the universal solvent because it will dissolve so many different substances.

• Water has a high heating capability that is why we use it to heat houses and cooling cars.

• Water on the planet is what makes the temperature of the earth so modulated.

Example: Microscopic view of Ar gas (solute) dissolved in liquid H2O

(solvent).

What is pH?

• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.• It is used to measure whether a

substance is acidic or basic.• 7 on a pH scale is neutral.• Below 7 are acidic and above 7 are

basic.

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq/what-is-pH.shtml

What does a pH scale look like?

What is electrolytic behavior?

• Electrodialysis is an electromembrane process in which ions are transported through ion permeable membranes from one solution to another under the influence of a potential gradient.

What are some effects of acid rain on soil, buildings, statues,

and microorganisms?• Acid rain causes dioxide in the atmosphere.  • Acid rain causes corrosion on bridges, roads, and

highways faster than it damages buildings and statues.

• Acid rain kills plants, when the plants absorb the water in the soil the plant absorbs the acid water and then it dies.

• Acid rain changes the pH in lake water and soil.• When the environment acidity changes it changes

the nutrients available to microorganisms.

How do various factors influence solubility?

Solubility is the number of grams of the solute that will dissolve in 100 g of the solvent.

a solute will dissolve better when the solvent is at a higher temperature rather than a low temperature.

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of salt,

sugar, when placed in water?

• H2O (Water)

• NaCl (Sodium chloride [Common or table salt] )

• C12H22O11 (Sucrose

[sometimes called table sugar])

100 ml of water were placed in a beaker. 

Solid was added in 5g lots at each temperature.

The solid was stirred in with a stirring rod.

When all the 5g had dissolved, another 5g was added.

This carried on until there was some solid in the bottom of the beaker that wouldn’t dissolve. 

The beaker was heated until it reached the right temperature.

Then solid was added in 5g lots until there was some left that wouldn’t dissolve.

When there was solid left on the bottom, which wouldn’t dissolve, it meant the solution had become saturated . 

Conclusion of the lab experiments where?

• The results show that the solubility of sugar (sucrose) did increase with temperature but the solubility of salt (sodium chloride) stayed the same at all temperatures.

References.

• http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/psolut.htm

• http://marine.rutgers.edu/dmcs/ms200/10_4.html

• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/phdiagram.html \

• http://202.127.145.151/siocl/cdbank/WebHelp/xfcm/xfcmhtml/eds_g_e0.htm

• http://www.ionizedwater.com/ionizedwater-article.htm

• http://www.scar.utoronto.ca/~weather/maryp/Effects/terrest.html

• http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq/what-is-pH.shtml

• http://explorer.scrtec.org/explorer/explorer-db/rsrc/783749715-447DED81.2.PDF

• http://www.emsb.qc.ca/recit/acid_rain/acidrain_21/Group2/economist.htm

• http://www.electrosynthesis.com/ess/weid.html

• http://www.sci-journal.org/vol3no2/v3n2a5.html