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By:

Bikash Shrestha

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Introduction

This huge growth in Internet use has not only led to increaseddemand for better, faster technology, but has also increased thedemand for addresses from which to send and receive information.

This is especially true for developing countries where people areonly really starting to use the Internet.

IPv6 deployment can solve the problem.

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Unforeseen Limitations

Address Space

Various unnecessary header fields

Variable header fields

Fragmentation in Router

Addressing Model NAT

Broadcast Versus Multicast

Quality of Service

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IPv6 The next generation Protocol Expanded addressing capabilities

Size increases from 32 bits to 128 bits

This ensure that the IP address

wouldnt run out of IP addresses.

A streamlined 40 bytes header

Allows faster processing of the IP

datagram

Flow labeling and priority

Has and elusive definition of

flow.(according to quality of service

or real time service e.g. audio and

video transfer)

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IPv6 Header Format

Version

Traffic class

Flow label Payload length

Next header

Hop limit

IP source and destination address

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IPv6 Extension Header

IPv6 header

Hop-by-Hop Options header

Routing header Fragment header

Authentication header

Encapsulating Security Payload header

Upper layer header

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IPv6 Extension Header

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Address Space Comparison

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Every grain of sand on the planet can be IPaddressable

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Address and Prefix Representation IP v6 addresses are so much larger than IP v4 addresses that it becomes

problematic to use dotted decimal notation.

To make address shorter, we use hexadecimal notatione.g.2007:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/64

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Zero Suppression and Zero Compression

To keep address size down , leading zeros can be suppressed

E.g.

2007:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF Can be written as

2007:2D9D:DC28:0:0:FC57:D4C8:1FFF

Zero compression allows a single string of contiguous zeros in an IPv6

address to be replaced by double colons Can be written as

2007:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF

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IPv6 Address Type Unicast

Multicast

Anycast

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Relation of MAC Address with the IP Address

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IP v6 Interface Identifier and Physical Address Mapping

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Dual Stack Approach

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all routers in the network maintain both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks.

Flow Label is not maintained here.

Address conversion is done.

Need more memory.

Security Issues in both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols

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Tunneling End IPv4 address is defined

Flow label is maintained

IPv6 address is encapsulated in IPv4 packet

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IPv6 and Major websites

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Thank you

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