Irrigation Reforms in Andhra Pradesh

CVSK SarmaSecretary Irrigation, GOAP

J. Raymond PeterED, INPIM

5th March, Water WeekThe World Bank, Washington DC

Andhra Pradeshn Area 0.275 m. Km2

n population (2001) 75.7 millions

n Density of population 275 / Km2

n Rural Population 72.92% (Agril)

n Urban population 27.08%

n GSDP growth rate 6.75%/ 5.20%

n Per Capita Income Growth

n 5.70%/ 3.60%

n Average landholding (IA) 0.88ha

n Total irrigated area 4.84m.ha

n Ground water 2.1 m.ha pvt.

Andhra Pradesh – Visionn Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive,

Transparent(SMART) Govt. n Committed to eradicate within a time frame

n poverty n illiteracyn inequality

n Process of economic liberalizationn Reforms through Stake holders participation in natural

resources managementn Articulated the Vision 2020 – identified 14 growth

engines

Irrigation Reforms - Highlightsn APFMIS ACT

n The first Legislation of its kind in India.

n A unique legislation for farmers

n Seeks to bring about Irrigation Management Transfer.

n Brings greater accountability in the irrigation department.

n Competent Authority

n WUA’s - Administrative, functional ,financial Autonomy

n Hydraulic basis, 5 years tenure, recall, elections, detailed rules

n Conflict resolutionn Resources of the FO

Major Medium Minor

DC

PC

WUA WUA WUA

PC

1699

413

8180

Major Medium Minor

WUAs. Sector wise.

Irrigation Potential Created

3.2

0.33

1.2

Major Medium Minor

Activities of WUAsØ Walk-through Surveys for diagnosis of irrigation systemsØ General Body meetings & MC meetingsØ Cropping patternØ Water Management & water budgeting Ø Resolving disputes among farmers Ø Joint Azmoish for water tax collectionØ O & M works with collective participationØ Maintenance of Accounts Ø Financial & Social AuditingØ Training & motivation

Achievements in PIMn Bridging gap ayacut (10.076 lakh ha)

n Timely supply of water-early transplantation

n Increase in yield (10%)

n Works execution at estimated cost by WUAs eliminating contractors -reduction in cost by

20%

n Resolution of disputes

n Improved drainage & execution of minor drains

n Capacity building

n Administrative reforms

n Merging irrigation and drainage wings

n Merging construction, O&M and CADA wings

n Rationalize staff distribution

n Closure of mechanical units

n Direct Contracting proceduresNSP

Evaluation Parameters§No. of General Body Meetings held

§Maintenance of Records

§ Conduct of Joint Azmoish

§ Increase in Irrigated Area

§Water Utilisation

§ Development Works

§Water Tax Demand-Collection.

§Development Expenditure

§ Auditing of accounts and General Body approval

§ Training Programmes

Major Projects84

231

1019

Status of General Body Meetings conducted by WUAs

Medium Projects9

97

233

State Wide

93

328

1252

No Meetings

One Meeting

2 and Above

State Wide = 1669

Major = 1332

Medium = 337

(17 %)

(6.5%)

(76.5 %)

(2.6%)

(28.3%)

(69.1%)

(20 %)

(5%)

(75 %)

Maintenance of RegistersMaintenance of Registers

State Wide

1536 1503 1547 1358 1257

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1

No.

of W

UA

s

AS TS C B CHQ

Major Projects

1258 1227 12531110 1062

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1

No

. of W

UA

s

Medium Projects

278 276 294 248 195

0

100

200

300

400

1

No

. o

f W

UA

s

State Wide = 1669

Major = 1332

Medium = 337

92 % 90 % 93 % 81 % 75 %

94 % 92 % 94 % 83 % 80 %82 % 82 % 87 % 74 % 58 %

AS = Admn. Sanctions

TS = Tech. Sanctions

C = Cash

B = Bills

CHQ = Cheques

Major Projects

1045

289

Medium Projects

138

201

State Wide

1183

490

YES

NO

Joint Azmoish conducted with Revenue DeptJoint Azmoish conducted with Revenue Dept..

State Wide = 1669

Major = 1332

Medium = 337

(78 %)

(22%)

(60%)

(40%)

(29%)

(71%)

Major Projects

540

792

Medium Projects

148

189

State Wide

688

981

NO

YES

WUAs reported increase or consistency in AyacutWUAs reported increase or consistency in Ayacut

State Wide = 1669

Major = 1332

Medium = 337

(60%)

(40%)

(56%)

(44%)

(59%)

(41%)

Development works completedDevelopment works completed

State Wide

1216

37 103313

0

500

1000

1500

1

No.

of W

UA

s

Above 90% 70 - 90% 50 - 70% Below 50%

Major Projects

1027

34 57214

0

200

400600800

1000

1200

1

No

. o

f W

UA

sMedium Projects

189

3

46

99

0

50

100

150

200

1

No

. of

WU

As

State Wide = 1669

Major = 1332

Medium = 337

77 % 3% 4 % 16%

73 % 2 % 6 % 19 %

56 % 1 % 14 % 29 %

Amendments to the APFMIS Actn WUA’s to be made a continuous body with 1/3 members retiring every

two yearsn Extending WUAs to all areas including new constructions

n Minimize monopoly by the Presidents of WUAsn Tenure two years from the date of electionn Indirect election to the President from amongst TC membersn Increasing the number of TC members to 6 in Minor and 12 in Major

n Greater clarity in areas hitherto ambiguousn Recall powers vested with the competent authorityn Arising vacancies to be filled up locally from amongst the membersn Greater clarity of roles for the ID at different levels.

n Simplification of proceduresn Electionsn Filling up of vacancies localizedn subcommittees

VicePresident

Farmers (Land holders)

Structural Changes in WUAsWUA Setup Existing New WUA Setup

4 to 10 TCs

GB ofPC

Elects

President TCsElect + -

President

MC ofPC

Elects

Elects

President VicePresident

MC of

DCElects Elects

President Vice President

MC ofWUA

Elects

TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 ……………TC14

Elects

ChairmanElectsPC

MC MEMBE

RSPresident GB of

DC

Elects

DCMax 4+1 Min 1+1

MCMEMBE

RSElects Max

8+1 Min

WUAMax 10+1 Min 4+1

MCMEMBE

RS

TC6 TC7 TC8 TC9 TC10

Farmers (Land holders)

TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5

GB of PC

MC of WUA

Emerging issues

n Policy and Managementn Changing practices (incentives)n Changing Technologyn Economic Developmentn Scale Issues (individual, community, region

state, national, international)n Regulations (Water-quality standards,

waste treatment and disposal, water abstraction, water use)

n Holistic view towards water.n Stakeholders driven planning.n Greater sensitivity to

Environment/Gender/Equity.n River basin approach for Interventions.n Promoting Greater Water use efficiency &

Conservation of water – jala Jagruthin Diversification of Agriculture driven by

market prices.

Future phase of reforms

Lessons Learnt

Important Signposts of AP Reformn June 96 – White Papern June 96 – March 97 Public

Consultationsn April 97 – Tripling of Water

chargesn July 1997 – APFMIS Actn July 97- elections to WUAsn October 97 – training to WUAsn April – June 98 O&M works by

WUAsn May 98 Irrigation Sector Policyn April 99 – June 99 O&M works

by WUAsn April 99 World Bank/APERP

Project – WUA linkage

n Dec 99- V International seminar on PIM

n 1998 - Teleconferences and Videoconferences(1999)

n 1999 - Vision 2020n 1999 - Cabinet subcommittee

to review functioning of WUAsn 2000 - WUA sadassus for

obtaining feed back and remediation

n 2002 - Changes in Act and Procedures.

n 2003 – next round of electionsn 2003 - Piloting water service

agencies & river basin organizations

Lessons Learntn AP reforms break new ground in India

n Several states in India have tried to structure similar initiatives on the lines of AP

n Rajasthan, UP, Goa, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan etc.n AP has become a role model for Indian States

n Myth of increasing water charges overcome – especially when linked to meaningful outcomes

n A legal framework gives appropriate directionn Political will – a dynamic Chief Ministern Continuous dialogue with WUAs, Government, Bankn Role of the median ID could be an agent of changen Reform is certainly not an easy Process!