is-00228-part01_chemical analysys of steel

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DC 669.14 : 543-24,543842 1 ( First Reprint JULY 1989 ) IS : 228 (Part 1 ) - 1987

1. Scope - This standard (Part 1 ) covers volumetric method for determination of carbon in th,range 0% to 250 percent in plain carbon, low alloy and high alloys steels.2. Determination of Carbon2;l Outline of the Method- The sample is burnt in a current of pure oxygen in presence of a suitableflux. Combustion of the sample in a stream of oxygen, thus converts all the carbon present to carbordioxide. After removal of sulphurous gases by suitable absorbents, the carbon d ioxide gas is collectecin a specially jacketed burette along with excess of oxygen. The carbon dioxide is then absorbed iralkali. On passing the excess oxygen back to the burrette, the contraction in volume is read againss scale, calibrated directly to the percentage of carbon.3. Sampling-The sample sha ll be drawn as prescribed in the relevant Indian Standard. (Thesample is cleaned wilh organic solvent like ether or acetone, dried in an air oven at lOO* f 5Cbefore use. )4. Apparatus - The apparatus recommended in IS : 6226 (Part 1 )-1971 Recommendations folapparatus for chemical analysis of metals : Part 1 Determination of carbon by direct combustionmethod may be used.I5. ProcedureI5.1 Before use the apparatus should be tested for satisfactory working against standard steel oappropriate values of carbon.5.2 For Plain Carbon Steel- Take one gram of an accurately weighed and clean sample free fromextraneous carbon in the form of small drillings or shavings in a porcelain boat which can withstand3 temperature of 1 150C without breaking or cracking.

5.2.1 Introduce the boat into the hot combustion tube in the furnace kept at 1000 taI 1ooc.i.3 For Low Alloy and High Alloy Steels-Take one gram of an accurateiy weighed and clean,ample free from extraneous carbon in the form of small drillings or shavings in a porcelain boat,vhich can stand a temperature of 1 250C without breaking and cracking. Spread 05 g of purein granules over the sample. In case of high alloy steel mix the sample with 05 g of pure iron9999 percent) filings also. Introd& the boat into the hot combustion tube in the furnace,,ept between 1 150 to 1 250C.

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i.4 Close the furnace inlet with a rubber stopper, allow the sample t? heat for one to one and a halflinute. Regulate the flow of oxygen to 300-400 ml per minute mto the furnace and establishonnection with the burette, which has been previously filled with acidulated water/brine wateroloured with methyl red, so that the liquid level in the bulbed porf,ion of the gas burette does not311 apidly. After a minute or so the level of water in the burette begms, to fall more rapIdly, thoughesame rate of oxygen is maintained, indicating completion of combustion.5.5 Take readings, when the level reaches near the zero graduation mark after closing the bend waystopcock and equalizing the levels of the burette and the connected levelling bottle. Pass the

*aopted 4 December1987 I @ June 1988, BIS I G, 2--..- .___ ~-aREA OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, a*AOR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEWDLL! 110002

Indian StandardMETHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS

PART 1 DETERMINATION OF CARBON BY VOLUMETRIC METHOD( FOR CARBON 0.05 TO 250 PERCENT )( Third Revision )


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IS:228(Partl)-1987collected and measured gas twice into the absorbing bulb, till constant reading is obtarncd. Recordthe burette reading. On the basis of one gram of sample taken for analysis, the burette is graduatedto measure directly the percentage of carbon.

6.5.1 Examine the combustion boat for complete fusion of the sample, if not thoroughly fused,repeat the determination with a fresh sample.5.6 Blank-Run a blank experiment on the same quantity of accelerators used, without any sampleand make the appropriate CorrectiOnS.5.7 Calcolation

whereCarbon, percent = (A - B ) x F

A = burette reading after absorption of carbon dioxide in caustic potash w ith one gram ofsample,B = burette reading for the blank experiment, andF = Correction fector for temperature and pressure ( see Table 1 ).

5.8 Reproducibility- i-O.01 percent up to 150 percent carbon, and&IO02 percent above 150 percent carbon.

APPENDIX AINDIAN STANDARDS ON METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS

IS : 228 Methods for chemical analysis of steels:(Part 2)-1987 Determination of manganese in plain carbon and low alloy steels byarsenite method (third revision )( Part 3 )-I987 Determination of phosphorus by alkalimetric method (/lGrd revision )( Part 4)-1987 Determination of carbon by gravimetric method (for carbon > 01percent ) (f/Cd revision)( Part 5)-1987 Determination of nickel by dimethylgfyoxime (g&metric ) method( for nickel 3: 01 percent ) ( third revision)(Part tj)-1987 Determination of chromium by persulphate oxidation method ( forchromium > 01 percent ) (third revision)(Part 7)-1974 Determination of molybdenum by or-benzoinoxime met!wd (formolybdenum > 1 percent ) ( second revision)(Part 8)-1975 Determination of silicon by the gravimetric method (for silicon> 01 percent) (second revision)( Part 9)-1975 Determination of sulphur in plain carbon steels by evolution method(second revision )( Part IO)-1976 Determination of molybdenum by thiocyanate (photometric) method( for molybdenum up to 1 percent) in low and high alloy steels (secondrevision )( Part 11 )-I 976 Determination of silicon by photometric method in carbon steels andlow alloy steels ( for silicon 001 to 005 percent ) (second revision )( Part 12)-1988 Determination of manganese by periodate (spectrophotometric)method in low and high alloy steels (for manganese Up to 001 to 200 per-cent )(second revision)(Part 13)-1982 Determination of arsenic(Part 14 )-1987 Determination of carbon by thermal conductivity method (for carbon0.005 to 2000 percent )


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TABLE 7 CORRECTlON FACTORS

730 732 734 736 738 740 742 744 746 748 750 752 754 756 768 760 762 764 766 708 770

.-_ -- -.-(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (!l) (12) (13) (14) (151 (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22)_ ,_- -. --.. . . _,151017

O-964 0.967 0.970 0,972 0.975 0.978 0.930,962 0.365 0.983 O-986.960 0.368 0,988 0.99,370 0994 0,996 0.999 i.002 1.005 1.007 1.010 1.013 1015 l-0180.976 0978955 0.356 0961 0933 0.973 0,981 O-Q84 0,987 0.389966 0,392 0.995 0.997 1,005 1011 10130963 0,971 1~000 1003 10080374 0,977.351 0953 0 956 0359 0.979 0.382 0.985961 0.987 0,990 0.9930,964 O-995 0338 1.00, 1.003 1WX 1009O-Q67 0969 0.972 0.977S46 o343 0.352 O-964 0.957 0.975 0.380 0983 o.985 0.988 0391 0993 0396 0.939 1.001 1004-953 0962 O-965 0.967 0.370 0.973 0.375 0.978 098, 0.983 0986 0983 0331 0394 O-996 O-9990.942 0944 O-947 0950 O-952 O-935 0.957 0960 0.963-937 0940 0.342 0345 0.965 0,968-947 0.071 0.973 0976 0978 0.981 O-984 0.986 0989 0992 0994,950 O-953 0.955932 0.935 O-958 O-96, 0.963 O-966 0990-337 0940 0.943 0.968945 O-97, 0.974 0,976 0979 0.982 0.984 09870,948 0.950 0.953-927 0,930 0.933 0.956.935 0,958 O.Qti,,338 0.964 O,g(iG 0.963 0.972 09,4 0977 0~979 0.982 0985O-340 0,943 0.346 0 $42.922 0.325 O-928 O-930 C.95, 0,9540.333 O-956 0.959 0.96, 0.964 0967 0-303 0.972 0.974 0.977 0 9~00.936 0.938 0.94, 0.943 0,946 0.949 0.95, O-954 0956 0.959 0,962 0964 0.961 O-QG7 O.Q72 0~9750.918 0.920 0.923 0.325 0.928 0.331 0.933 0.336 0~332 0 S4, 0.944-913 0.915 O -918 0320 0.323 0.946 0.949926 O-95, 0.954 0.95, 0-959 O-362 0.964 0967 OS/00.928 0,931.9i3 0,333 0~936 0.939 0.94, O-944 0.946 094~ 0~~52 0,954 0357 O-953 0.962 O~QVt.508 0910 O-915 O-918 0.021 0.923 0.926 0,928.908 0 93, 0.~~34.903 0,905 0.910 0.913 o.!j36 0.34, 0.952 oS54 0.357 9SQiG 0.939 0.944 0.946 o-9490,318 0.92, 0 923 0.926,897 0900 0903 O-928906 0.308 O-33,310 0.934 0.936 0.939 O-94, 0,944 0946 0343 0952 09540.913 O.Si5 O.Qi8 0.920 0.923 0.926 0.928 0.93, O-933 0,936 O-938 0.94, 0944 0346 O-9490892 0.895 0.897 0.300 0,302 0.335 0308 0.9io 0+13.889 0915 0%x8887 O-892 0834 0920.897 0-330 0.923 0.925 0.928 O-930 0.933 0936 0938 0941 09430.902 0305 0307 0,310-882 0,864 0.912 0.315886 0889 0.91,892 0,894 0920 0,922 o-925 0,928 0930 0.333 0935 O-338O-897 0~893 0.902,878 0 904876 0.881 0.884 0.907 0.309.886 0.869 0912 o-914 0,917O-891 ~920 0.922 0.925 O-927 0330 O-9320.894 0 896 0.599.870 0.873 0.875 0878 0.30,-860 0.904.863 0,906 0~~0~ 0.91, 0,914 0916 0,913 0922 0924 03270866 0.668 089, 0.893 O-696 0.898 0.90, 0.903 0906 0908 0.91, 0.913 0.916 O-318 0,321

35 0.865 0.867 0.870 0,872 0875 0.877 0.880 0~882 08856 C.853 0.861 O-864 0.866 0,667 0690.869 0892 0895 0.897 0~900 Oc3,2 0.905 OS07 O-910 0912 03150.871 0,874 08767 O-853 0.856 0.858 0-860 O-863 0,866 0.879 O-882 0,884 0.866 0%8Q 0.892 08940.866

C-896 0893 0902 0.904 0.906 0.9090870-847 O-850 0873 0-862 0.854 8,6 0.878 0.860 0.903-857 9.859 0663O-862 0866 0.888 C-893 0.696 o-698 03000864 O-6900.843 0-667.841 0846 0848 0869 0,672.851 O-853 0874 0-8,~ 0.873 0.862 O-684 0.667 0669 0892 0894 0,8370.856 0858 0.861 0863 0.666 0668 0.67, 0.873 0.676 0.678 0.86, 0683 0.886 0.888 0830

0.835 0.837 C.840 0842 0844 0847 0850 0.852 0,854 0857828 O-831 0.833 0,836 0,859838 0662 0.664 0.867 0.869 0872 0.874 0877 0879 0882 0.884841 0.843 08460.822 0824 0.827 0.848 0.8500829 0832 0.653 0.8550.834 0.6560836 0.660 0863 0.866 0.668 0.870 0.873 0875 0.8180839 0.841815 0818 0620 0.644822 0.825 0846.827 065, 0.654 0.856 0.86, 0866 08700830 0832 0849 0.859 &864 0.8680808 0.811 0813 0.835 0.837 0.840 0842816 0618 0~.820 0.644 0847 0.849 0.652 0.854. 0857 0.659 0.862 0.8640623 0.625 0828 0630 @633 0.835 0.638 0.640 o-642 0.845 0.84, 0650 0652 0.655 0.857

1813202;2324

0 25

402434445 0.801 0.804 0.806 0809 0.811 0.814 0.816 0818 0.821 0823 0626 0.828 0830 0,833 0835 0838 0840 0.843 0.645 0848 0850


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IS:,228(Partl)-1987EXPLANATORY NOTE

IS : 228 was issued is a tentative stxdard in 1952 and revised in 1959 covering the chemicalanalysis o f pig iron, cast iron and plain certon 2nd Icw allcy steels. For the convenience, it wasdecided to publish ccrrpreher.sive series on chemical analysis of steels including high alloy steelsand another series on ct.emical analysis of pig iron and cc^st iron. Acccrdingly, chemical analysis ofsteels was published in varicus parts. This standard is series of parts on chemical analysis of steels.The other parts published are given in Appendix A. The chemical analysis of pig iron and cast ironis being published in separate standard.

In this revision the major modifications are as follows:a) The limit of determination of carbon in steel have been mcdified as 005 to 250 percent inplace of greater than or equal to 01 percent.b) The ravge of pressure for the correction factors in Table 1 have been incorporated from730 to 770 instead of 700 to 770.

is-00228-part01_chemical analysys of steel

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