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Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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है”ह”ह

IS 2720-39-1 (1977): Methods of test for soils, Part 39:Direct shear test for soils containing gravel, Section 1:Laboratory test [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]

Gr 4

IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) - 1977( Reaffirmed 2007 )

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PARTXXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILSCONTAINING GRAVEL

Section 1 Laboratory Test

Third Reprint FEBRUARY 2005

UDC 624.131.377.620.176

© Copyright 1978BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

February 1978

IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec t). 1977

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART XXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILSCONTAINING GRAVEL

Section I Laboratory Test

SOIl Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23

Ch(IIrmanPROII DINESH MOllAN

Rrpmentln~

Central Building R('seMch Insutute {CSIR)JRocrker

MembersA01JlnONAL CHIFr LNOINEI!.R Public \\orks Department, Government of Uttar

Pradesh

I rng-iuon Department, Government of Punjab

In personal capacity (P-820 'P' New Altport, Lolcuua700053 )

In personal capacity ( 5 Hungerford Street, l.!jl Hunger-ford Court) Calcutta 7000 17 )

Irrigauon Research Institute, Khagaul, PatriaIndian Geotechmcal SOClctYJ New DeihlAsia 1 oundauons and Construcuon (P) Ltd, Bombay

SURr A. G. DASTIDAR

SHIH 0 C. CnATuRvt..DI ( 1{(mwtr)ADDITIONAL DIRLCTOR Rrsr "RCH Rail .... ay Board (Ministry of Railways )(RD~O )

DLPUTV DrREC'TOA RBI ARr II

( RD~O ) ( Alternate )PROF AL""1 ::'INGH l'nl\('l~lty of [odhpur, JodnpurLT-COL AVTAR SINGH Lngmeer-m-Llnefs Branch, Army Headquarters

MAJ R. R SUOI1lNDRA (A/tonl/(f )DR A. BANLRJr.r. Cementauon 0) Ltd, Calcutta

SURI S. (JUPTA ( Allmlat,)GlIJrF 1'.NGlNH.R ( D & R )

DIREcroR ( IPRI ) ( Alternate )SHRI K. N. DADINA

SHRl R. L. DrwANDR G. ~ DHILLON

SURJ A. H On ANJI

SHIH A N JANOLl': (Alir/natr)DR SUASJIJ K. GUI HATJ Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi

OR (.. V. RAO ( Alternate )SliRI V. G. HlOlJE Nauonal Buildings Organization) New Delhi

SHRI S. H. DALCIlAN DANl (Altmlfltr )SURlO P. MALHOTRA Public WOI ks Department, GO' ernrncnt of Punjab):,HRl J. S. MARY A Roads Wmg, Mrmstry of Shippmg & Transport,

New DeihlSHRI N. SEN ( Alurnau )

( Continued on pag. 2 )

I) Copyright 1978BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS.....

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV or t957) andreproduction in whole or 10 part by any means except With wntten permission of thepubhsher sball be deemed to be an lDfrinaement of coPYriabt UDder the said Act.

IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec t ) .1977

I rrigation Research Institute, RoorkeePublic WOl ks Department, Governrnrnt of T~ulHl

Nadu

( Contini..edfrom page 1 )

Members ReprmntingSHRI R. S. MSLKOTE Central Water Commission, New Delhi

SHR.I C. SUDHINDR. .... (A/tanate)SHRIT. K. NATAltAJAN Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New DelhiREPRF,SENTATIVE Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, BombayRESEARCH OFPICER Building & Road. Research Laboratory, Cha,ndigarhSURI K. R. SAXENA Engineering Research Laboratories, HyderabadShCltun,y Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi

D!.PlfTY SI.CRETARV ( Al/ernate )DR SHAMSHER PRAKASII· University of Roorkee, Roorkee

Ih GOPAL RANJAN ( Alternate)SIIRI H. D. SHAR M1\

SUPI'.RINTF,Nl.lING ENG1NEl'.R

l:xEcuTIve ENOINEER ( Alternate )SIIRI B. T. UNWAI.LA Concrete Association of India, Bombay

SJIIU T. M. MENON ( Altemat« )SURl H. C. YUMA All India [nstrumcnts Manufacturers & Dealers

Association, BombaySURt V. K. VASUOEVAN ( Altemate )

StIIH D. AJITHA SIMUA, Director General, lSI ( [..\.ojJicio .\1ember)Director ( Civ Engg )

SecretarySHRf G, RAMAN

Deputy Director (Ci v Engg }, lSI

Soil Te~tillg Procedure'! and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23: 3

Com.ener

PROt: ALAM SINOlJ University of jodhpur, Jodhpur

Building & Roads Researc h Laboratory, Chandigarh

Members

SURI AMAR SINGH Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ),Roorkee

LT·COL A VTAR SINGH I:ngint:er-IO-Chief's BIanr.h, Arrny 1I1':lUqU3 rtersMAJ R. R. ~UDH[NDRA ( Allmw(e )

DEPUTY DIRl:.CTOR RI'.SEARCII Railway Board (Mini~hy of Railways )(SOIL MECHANlcs-l) (RDSa)

AS'Irr DIRECTOR RE~r.ARCH (SOILM lcnANI('S- I ) ( R})SO ) (AflmW(()

SHIH R. L. III WAN Ir rigation Research Institute, Khagaul, PatnaDmr.crnn ( I & C) Beas Dams Projects, Ta1\\.tr.i Township

SURI K. S. PREM l Altrmate )SUR! H. K. GUllA Ccologist Syndicate Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

SliRI N. N. BHATIACIIARAYA (A/fmwle )DR SHASIlI K. Gur HAl'l Indian Institute of Technology, New DelhiSUR! R. K. JAIN United Tcchnu al Consultants (P) Ltd, New Delhi

DR P. K. DE (Alternate)SURt O. P. MALHOTRA

RI-SEARCH QPJlICER (BLDG &ROADS) ( ..1iitmale)

"He also represents the Institution of Engineers, India.( Continued on page 14 )

.2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 1987

TO

IS:2720(Part 39/Sec 1)-1977 METHODS OFTEST FOR SOILS

PART 39 DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILSCONTAINING GP~VEL

Section 1 Laboratory Test

(Page 4, clauses 2.1 to 2.6) - Substitute thefollowinp, for these clauses and renumber thesubsequent clauses accordingly:

"2.1 The shear box and itsto requirements given'Specification for shear boxsoils'."

assembly shall conformin 15:11593-1986

(lar~Q) for testing of

(Pages 6 to 11, Fi u. 1 to 4) - Delete.

(BDC 23)

Pnnted at Slta FIne Arts (P) Ltd, New DelhI

AMENDMENT NO. 2 OCTOBER 1992TO

IS 2720 ( Part 39/Sec 1 ): 1977 METHODS OF TEST FORSOILS

PART 39 DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILS CONTAININGGRAVEL

Section 1 laboratory Test

(Page 13, Appendix A, Proforma for Recording Shear Stage):

a) Co/2 - Substitute the word 'Readings' for 'Reading' and subdividethe col as 'a' and 'b'.

b) Col 3 and 8 -Insert the word 'Average'.

c) Subdivide col 7 as 'a' and 'b'.

(CE023 )

Srta Fine Arts Pvt Ltd

IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec t ) • 1911

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART XXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILSCONTAINING GRAVEL

Section I Laboratory Test

o. FOR E W 0 R D

0.1 Thi'i Indian Standard (P,\rt XXXIX/Sec 1) was adopted by theIndian Standards Institution on :30 September 1977) after the draftfinalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approvedby the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination ofdifferent characteristics of soils and aha for faciiitating .\ comparative studyof the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out this IndianStandard methods of test for soil> (IS: 2720) which is being publishedin parts. 38 parts of this standard have been published S') far. Thispart [IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec 1 )-1977] deals with the laboratorydetermination by direct shear, the shear strength of soils contJilling gravelwith particle size more than 4'75 mm on with disturbed specimen. Thetest is of two kinds depending upon the state of samples, namely, laboratorytest and in situ test. The in situ t('';t is being covered separately,

0.3 In the formulation of the .standard due weig-l1tage has been given tointernational co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailingin different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the Heldin this country.

0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance withthis standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to h ~ rounded off)it sha H be dune in accordance with IS : 2-1960·.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part XXXIX/S~r~ I) covers the method for thelaboratory determination by direct shear) of the shelf strength of soihcontaining gravel (with particle size more than 4-75 mm).

NOTE - It is recommended that the 300-mm box shall lie used for soils containinggravel up to 30 mm size.

• Rules for rounding otTnumerical value! ( reuised ) .

3

IS z 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec: I ) -1977

1.2 The tevt shall be carried out at natural moisture content. In case, thedeposit is likely to get saturated, the test shall be carried out in thesaturated condition.

2. APPARATUS

2.1 Shear Box - (See Fig. 1) of mild steel, totally open at top andbottom of size 300 X 300 rom and deep enough to hold a sample of size300 X 300 X 150 mm. The box shall be divided horizontally so that thedividing plane coincides with the central plane of the sample: These twoparts shall be accurately attached together by two easily removable screwswhich pass verric.dly through the walls of the upper half and fit into thelower half. Suitable spacing screws to separate the two halves of the shearbox, when it is assembled fur the test by the amounts required for the test'111<111 be provided.

2.1.1 Suitable holes, about 1'5 rum in diameter shall be provided on thesides of the lower half of the shear box to enable entry of water below thebottom of the soil specimen.

2.2 Container for Shear Bos - so constructed that it holds the bottomof shear box ri~kUy with respect to the top half and hold, water tosurround the shear box when it is placed in the container. A drain cockshall he fitted to the container for filling and draining water.

2.3 Gripper Plates - (See Fig. 2A and 2B) two pairs of mild steelplates to IIt into the shear box; one pair plain and one pair perforated.

2.4 Top and Bottom Plates - (See Fig. 3A and 3B) two pairs oftoothed mild steel plates to fit into the shear box; one pair plain and onepair perforated.

2.5 Base-Plate -- (See Fig, 4 ) of mild steel with grooves on its top face,to fi tin to the shear box.

2.6 Loading Plate - A mild steel plate of adequate thickness fitting theshear box which shall distribute the load from a yoke over the specimennorm.il 10 the shear plane. The lower face of the loading plate shall haver ross grooves.

2.7 Loading Device - The major requirements of the loading devicearc the following :

<l) The vertical stress on the sample shall remain vertical andconstant during test. The normal load shall be applied uniformlyon the soil specimen in the shear box without eccentricitv;

b) The shear stress or strain shall be applied in the same plane as thedividing plane of the two parts of the shear box;

IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) • 1977

c) In case of a stress controlled apparatus, it should be possible tomaintain a constant rate of stress increase during the testirrespective of the strain rate; proper arrangement shall be pro·vided to get different rates of stress increase;

d) In case of strain controlled apparatus, the strain rate shall remainconstant irrespective of the stress. Suitable arrangement shall beprovided to provide different strain rates; and

c) No vibrations shall be transmitted to the sample during the testand there shall not be an y loss of shear force due to frictionbetween the loading frame and the shear box container assembly.

2.8 Weights (If Necessary) - For providing the normal load througha normal loading device.

2.9 Proving RiD.g - of suitable capacity fitted with dial gauge accurateto 0'002 mm to measure the shear force.

2.10 Micrometer Dial Gauge. - Accurate to 0'01 mm. Two, suitablymounted to measure the horizontal movement and the other two suitablymounted to measure the compression or expansion of the specimen. .

2.11 Stop Clock

2.12 Balance - of 50 kg capacity sensitive of 1 kg.

3. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN

3.1 Specimen may be compacted in layers to the required density by asuitable hammer into the shear box after fixing the two halves of the shearbox together by means cf fixing screws.

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 The shear Lox with the soli specimen should be fitted into posrtron asshown in Fig. 1. The required normal load shall be applied. After therequired normal load is applied, the shear strain shall be applied. Beforethe application of shear strain, the upper half of the box should be liftedup slightly to eliminate friction between the parts of the shear box. Theshear strain should be applied at a constant rate of 0'2 nun/min 011 theupper halfof the box till the failure of the specimen. The final shear shallbe recorded through the calibrated proving ring. At the end of the test,the specimen should be removed from the box and the water content atthe shear zone should be determined. The process shall be repeated forthe next higher normal load. A minimum of 4 sets of readings shall betaken.

5

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rl,..-1-------- 199.S~ 8,3 so ------~

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At! dimensions in rnillimetres,

2A GrIpper Plate ( Plain)

FIG. 2 GRIPPER PLATES - ( Contd)

7

IS I 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) • 1977

¢3,120 HOLES

I I I

1 1 I. ~ ---

'" '-

'".. ...

ej .I

I '.'. I

l~ -

- ~:- -'l~ -~ ~--_.

/ ~

. I I V~I -

/- --

L ~

~2S --...f--25~All dimensions in millimetres,

28 Gripper Plate ( Perforated)

FlO. 2 GRIPPER PLA'IES

8

oDOD

IS : 2720( Part XXXIX/Sec I ) • 1977

UL- - -

I-- ~

>

- L\.--\-

~ -~- - >-- - - -

~ -

~ >-- - - - '----f-- -- - f----

f- '-- - - - - I-- --I-- --~ - f-- .-~ -

~-~. ~I-- - ---

- >.-~ ---- --I----1-- - -

-l...- I-.- "--~~ ni

All dunensions 10 nullunetres

3A Plain Plate

FIG. 3 Top AND BOTTOM PLATES - ( Contd)

9

;- )

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-- - l- I--~-

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IS: 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) - 1977

rp 3 529 HOLES

r...------ 299-5+ 0 sa-0-3 --~

All dimensions in rrullrmetres.

38 Perforated Plate

FIG. 3 Top AND BOTTOM PLATES

10

IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) -1977

+0-----~-299·5 _ 0.3 SQ----

I~

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG.4- BASE PLATE

11

IS l 2720(Part XXXIXJSec 1 ). 1977

5. CALCULATION AND REPORT

5.1 Results of tests shall be recorded suitably. A recommended proformafor recording the result is given in Appendix A.

5.2 The longitudinal displacement at a particular load shall be recordedfrom the shear displacement dial readings.

5.3 The maximum shear force shall be the peak load from load-displace­ment curve or where the tangent of flatter portion of later part of thecurve leaves in case the curve does not give peak point.

5.4 The maximum shear stress and the corresponding longitudinaldisplacement (shear displacement) and applied normal stress should berecorded for each test and the result should be presented in the form of agraph in which the applied normal stress ioj plotted as abscissa and themaximum shear stress is plotted as ordinate. The angle which the result­ing straight line makes with horizontal axis and the intercept which thestraight line makes with the vertical axis shall be reported as the angle ofshearing resistance and cohesion intercept respectively.

NOTE - The normal stress lJeTSUS maximum shear stress relationship may not bestraight line in all cases. In such cases the shear parameter shall be obtained by draw­ing a tangent to the normal stress and maximum shear stress curve at the point ofnormal stress expected in the field.

12

Rate of shear strain ..

IS I 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) • 1977

APPENDIX A

(Clause 5.1 )PROFORMA FOR RECORDING TEST RESULTS

Project .. Location of sample ..Sample No ..Proving ring No. .. .Proving ring constant... .. .Weight of loadlnK flarne . ..Normal load applied .. , ..

Soil Specimen MeasurementsDimensions Are a uf spcClmen .Jnirial wet mass of specimen .. Volume' uf specimenWater content. .. .. .Bulk density '" .. ..Final wet JTI"5~ of specimen .. .Waler ronrenr at the shear ZOTlf' .

Proforma for Recording Shear Stagei) Thickness of specimen ... ....... ." mm ii) Area of cross-sect ion

of specimen .. . .mm/min iv) Normal stress applied ....

.. ...... cm2

., . kg/em'

DAT~ SHEAR SHEAR PRovrr-.n SHFAR SHLAR \'fRTICAL VERTICALAND DISPI ACI:- DISPlACI=.- RING FORe!;. STRE~S DIAL DISPLACE--

TIME MENT Ml:NT READING R£ADlNG5 MBNT

DIAL

READING

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5 ) (6) (7) (8)

Plot - Shear stress venus shear displacement and finda) Maximum shear stress at the peak of curve, andb) Corresponding shear displacement.

Proforma for Reco~ding Summary of Results

Tl:.ST No. NORMAL

STRn5

(1) (2)

SUI'AR SHEAR INITIAL FINAL REMARKSTRl:SS Dl~l'LACEMENT WATER WATeR

""1' AT CONTENT CONn.NT1,'AII.URE. FAILURE

(3 ) (4) (5) (G) (7)

--------------Plot - Shear stress minus normal stress relationship to obtain

a) Cohesion intercept, andb) Angle of shearing resistance.

13

IS 12720 (Part XXXIX/Sec:: 1) .1977

( Continuedfrom page 2 )

Members

BHRr R. S. MELKonSHRI C. SUDHINORA

SHRr N. SEN

Reprmnling

Central Water Commission, New Delhi( Alurnat« )

Ministry of Shipping & Transport (Road.New Delhi

Wing ),

SHRI P. K. TIIOWAS (Alternar,)SHRr M. M. D. SUII Public Works Department. Government of Uttar

Pradesh

PROP T. S. NAGARAJ (Alternate)

DR B. L. DHAWA.N ( Alternate)SnRI P. JAOANNATHA RAODR V. V. S. RAOSHRI H. C. VERMA

Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New DelhiIn personal capacity (F-2/ Gmn Park, New Delhi)Associated Instruments Manufacturers (I) Pvt Ltd,

New Delhi

14

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