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Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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है”ह”ह

IS 2720-7 (1980): Methods of test for soils, Part 7:Determination of water content-dry density relation usinglight compaction [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRYDENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)

UDC 624.131.378

© Copyright 1980BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 3 December 1980

IS : 2720 (Part VII-1980

Fifth Reprint AUGUST 1997

(Reaffirmed 2011)

II. 2120 ( hit W )•1_

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT.DRYDENSlTY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)

Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23

ClMinnaDa J••Dte. N£aAlB

RtIW"IIIlin,UDiver.ity of Roorke., Roorkee

Central Bulldiaa R••,arl'.h IDltitute, Roark••Irrigation Department, GoverumeDt or PUDJab.

Chandilarb

•AI,.."

ADDI'IIO.&L DlallCrl'oa, IRI IrrilatioD DepartmeDt, GoverDmellt or Bihar,Patn.

AD~rrlo.tI.LDta.OTOB bl&ABOB Ministry or aailway.( r. E. ), RDSa

DDV'rW' D•••CTOR Ru~o.( SOIL Maos ), IlDSO ( AlImtiJI, )

Pao. AI.£JI ~11CQB Univenity ofJodh~ur,JodhpurCoL AY'rAB :)11'"08 Enlineer-in-Chjef I B-.nch, Army Headquart~.

L'l'-CoL V. K. K.\!frTKAa ( AI,,,,..,,)D. A. BAJlaRJ.. Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay

5..1 S. GvrrA ( Al'""" )Da R.It. B•••D~Ic.~ bOI1f... ( B&R )

Da G. S. DbilJOD ( AI,.,,..,, )Sa.. M. G. D.-DAV.T. The Concrete AaeociatioD of ladia, Bomba,

5••• N. C. OuGGUL ( AI,.,.." )8..1 A. Q. DUTmAa In perlon.' c.p.ci~y (5 H~,"f.,4 c.rt. 12/1

8""",/.,d S" ... 0aleuI,. 700011 )Da G. S. DBJLI.OK JDdian Geotechnical Society, New I)elblDm.crroa. IRI Irri,atioD Departmeo.c, Government 01 Uttar

Pradesh, llOorkee

(~.,.,,2)

<i> C0bril" 1980BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

nil publicatJOD II protected under 'he lui. c.f!1ril'" M (XIV 01 1957) aDdnprocluctioD iD wbole or ill part by aD, meau except with writteD permlllloD 01 thepublilber ,ball be deemed to be AD IDCrlnlem~:nt of copyript uDd. tbe laid Act.

IS I 2720 ( Part VB ) • 1180

( c.",;".", /,.", /J'JI' 1 )

Lcd,

SIIRI K. R. SASBNA

Public Work. Department, Chandilarb Adminis­tratioD, Chaadilub

SR1\1 T. K. NATRAJAM Central Road Research Institute, New DelhiPaE81DENT ( 1MDA ) All Jndia ]DltrumeDt Manufacturen &. Dealen

AuociatioD, BombayDI:~UTY SECRETARY ( AIIMDA ) ( AI"",." )

SHRI R. V. RANTH1DB:VA.N Central Water CommiuioD, New DelhiDSPUTY DIRECTOR ( C~MRS ) ( AI(.,,,,,,, )

REsBAnoH O.rrlcBa ( B&RRL ) Public Work. Department, Government of Punjab,Chandi~.rh

Public Works Department, GovernmeDt of ADdbraPradesh. Hyderabad

SECRET£RY Central Board of Irrigation &. Power, New DelhiDE.OTY SECRETARY (AI'"." )

SlIat N. SIVAOURU Road, WiDK. MiniJtry of ShippiDI a. Tran.portSnnr D. V. SIKJ[~ (AllmIiJ/,)

SaRI K. S. SBIl(IVA8Alf National BuildiDp OraanlutloD, New DelhiSUBI SUNIL B.,,~y ( Al'maa!, )

SUPERINTENDING E!f 0 I Jf • • • Public Work. Department, GovenuueDt of Tamil( P&D ) Nadu. Mad~u

EXECUTIV. ENOIK... ( SMRD ) ( Al,""'" )SHRI H. C. V.BII~ All India IDltrUment MaDuracturen It Dealerl

AIIociatioD, Bomba,SSRIH.K.GUBA (AUw-U)

Suat s. D. VIDY~a-r.l Public: Works ~artm.Dt. GoverameDt 01 UttarPradlllb. Lucbow

DR B L. DBAWAX ( AI'",.." )SII&I G. RAM'4!f, Director GeDeral. lSI(~AI..-)

Director (CJv Enll )

R,/I''''''''Ali. Foundation. &. CoaltructioD (P )

BombaySURI A, N. JAMOL. ( AII"u', )

PRO' Go.PAL RAN1~lf Univenity 01 Roorkee. Roorlet.P'tOI' GOPAL RAN"'" InltitutiOD or El1lineerl ( India ), CalcuttaDa SHA9KI K. GULHATI Indian lastitute 01TecbnololY, ~ew Delhi

DR G. B. RAO ( Alt,rnca', )SaRlO. P. M&LBOTBA

SaRI A. H. DIVANJI

.",.,

S... It. M. u..I'BVaDeputy Dlrec- ( Q. EDII ), lSI

AMENDMENT NO.1 OCTOBER 1982

TO

IS;2720(Part VII)-1980METHOOS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRYDENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTioN

(Second Rev~8ion)

~l!.e!:.a!ion

. (Page 4, clause 3.1) - Substitute the. falioringror·the existing:

,'3.1 !i<>~ds - It she.l1 conform to IS :l0074";1982§. I

Addenda----

lPage 4, foot-note with.mark(;)] -.Add thefollOwing foot-note after the eXisting:

I §Specification for compaction mould assembly for.light and heavy compaction test for soils.'

. (BDC 23)

. Reprography Unit, lSI, New Delhi, India

-Q5tJ d AMENDMENT NO.2 JULY 1984

TO'IS:2720(Part 7)-1980 METHODS OF 'TEST FOR SOIlS

PART 7 DETERMINATION ,OF WATER CONTENT-DRYDENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION

(Second Revision)

Al1er.aii2."i

(Page 4,clause 0.2, Note) ~ Substitute 'IS:2720(Part 8 )-198)l1' for 'IS: 2720(Part :VIII )-1974*' •

(Page 4, [oct-nate lJith'· 'm:zrk) - Substitute,the folloWing for the existing:

"MethodS of test for ,soils: Part 8 Determination, 'of Water content-drY density relation using heavy ,compaction (secrond revision).'

(fuge 5, clause J.7, line-l; clause 5.1.1, line 1)Substitute '19 mm' for '20 mm'.

(Page 6, clause 5;1.4, line 2; clause 5.2(a),Line 2) - Substitute '19 mm' for '20 mm'.

(Page 6, crlause 5.3, l.ine« 2 and 3) - Substitute"37.5 mm' for '40'mm at both places.

(fuge 7, Note 2, lines 2: and 4) - Substitute'19 mm' f01' '20 mm' occurring at both places.

(Page 7, cZause 6.2, foiomuZa) .;. Substitutethefolloving for the existing formula:

'y , .. 100d y-

m

100 + lJ'

(jJlC23 )

Reprogrpahy Unit, lSI, New Delhi. India:;

II I 2720 ( Part VII ). 1980

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS

PART VII DETERMINATION 0' WATER CONTENT-DRYDINSITY RELATION USIN. LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)

o. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VII) ( Second Revision) was adoptedby the Indian Standarda Institution on 31 October 1980, after the draftfinalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanic. Engineering Sectional Com­mittee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for determinationof different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparativeItucliea or the results, the Indian Standard. Institution is bringing outthi. Indian Standard methods of test for lOil. ( IS : 2720 ) which is beingpublished in parts, This part ( Part VII) (lint published in 1965 andrevised in 1974) deals with the method of telt for the determination ofwater content-dry density relation of soil using light compaction (St,Note below). The purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to deter­mine the proper amount of mixing water to be used, when compactingthe soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which can beexpected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplishthil, a laboratory test which will give a degree of compaction comparableto that obtained by the field method used i. neceuary. This procedureis I.tisractory Cor' cohesive soil, but doa Dot lend itself well to the studyof the compaction characteristiCi or clean sand. or gravels which displaceeasily when struck with the ralQmer. Some nearly-cohelionlesa soilscompact aatiafactorily in tb~ Itandard teat although in many casea : ewater deDJ\ty curve is not weD defined. Frequently, too in these casesindicated, maximum density is Dot u great u caD be achieved readily inthe field under available compaction methods. With a knowledge of thewater density relation .. determined by this telt. better control of the fieldcompaction or lOil fill is pouible because the optimum moisture contentand the density which mould be obtained are known by using this testprocedure and these can be checked by field control testa.

3

IS I 2720 ( Part VII) .1980

NOTE - The method of test based on heavy compaction is covered in IS : 2720( Part VIII ).1974-.

0.2.1 This revision is prepared so as to cover such cases when 'Soilcould be susceptible to crushing during compaction.

0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance withthis standard, jf the final value. observed or calculated. is to be roundedoff, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960t.

I. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part VII) lays down the method for the determina­tion of the relation between the water content and the dry density ofsoils using light compaction. In this test a 2·6.kg rammer falling througha height of 310 mm is used.

2. TERl.11NOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard. the definitions given in IS : 2809.1972* shall apply.

3. APPARATUS

3.1 CyUadrlcal Metal Mould - It shall be in accordance with relevantIndian ..itandards on specification of compaction mould.

3.2 S....ple E.truder ( Optloaal ) - It consists of a jack, lever frameor other d... -~ ...dopted for the purpose of extruding compacted speci­mens from the mould.

3.3 Bal.ace. -- one, of capacity 10 kg sensitive to I g and other oft,ap"eity 200 g sensitive to 0·01 g.

3.4 Ove. - thermostatically controlled with interior or non-corrodingmaterial to maintain temperature between 105°0 and 110°0.

3.5 Coatu..er - any suitable non..corrodible airtight container todetermine the water content Cor telts conducted. in the laboratory.

3.6 Steel Stralgbt.dle - a steel straightedge about 30 em in lengthand having one bevelled edge.

-Method. of teat for soils: Part VIII Determination or water content-dry densityrelation uling heavy com~.ction (}ir•• ,,",i•• ).

tRu).. (or roundinl off numerical valuel ( mUltl ).~Glos':lry of term. and Iymboll relltlnl to loil ~Dlinlerinl (firl' ,lIIitioll ),

4

18 • 2720 ( Part VII ) • 1980

3.7 Sieve - -I-'S-rom and 20-mm IS sleves conforming to the require­ments of IS : 460 ( Part I )-1978-.

3.8 Mldal Tool. - miscellaneous tools, such al tray or pan, spoon.trowel and spatula. or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixingthe sample of soil with additions of water.

3.9 MetaillaID.lIler - It shall conform to IS : 9198.1979f.

4. SOIL SPECIMEN

4.1 A representative portion of air dried soil material and large enoughto provide about 6 kg of material passing a' 20-mm IS sieve ( for soilsnot susceptible to crushing during compaction), or about 15 kg ofmaterial passing a 20-mm IS sieve (for soil. susceptible to crushingduring compaction ), shall be taken ( II' Note 1). This portion shall besieved on a 20-mm IS sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after itl pro­portion of the total sample has been recorded.

NOT. 1 - The soil should be considered suseeptible to CNshiftl durlnl compac­tion if the sample contains sranular material or • loft nature, such a. lort limestone,landatone, etc. which it reduced in size by the at:tion of the 2'6 kl rammer. Theprocedure liven in 5.2 for loils susceptible to cruJhiol durio, compaction caD b.applied to all loil. if it is convenient to do 10.

t.l.l Aggregations of particles shall be broken down 10 that it thesample wal sieved on a 4·7S-mm IS sieve, only separated individualparticles would be retained.

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 Soli Dot Susceptible to Cru8hiaa Darlal CODlpacdoll (8••Note 1 ) -- The procedure is as follows.

5.1.1 A 5-kg sample of air dried soil passing the 20 mm IS test sieveIhall be taken ( se« Note 2). The sample shall be mixed thoroughly witha suitable amount of water depending on the soil type (s" Notes!and 4 ).

5.1.2 The mould. with baseplate attached. Ihall be weighed to thenearest 1 g ( ml ). The mould shall be placed on a solid bale. such a•• concrete ftoor or plinth and the moist soil shall be compacted intothe mould, with the extension attached, in dlree layers or approximatelyequal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 2'6.kg rammer drop­ped from a height of 310 mm above the soil. The blows shall be

-Specification for test .ievel: Pan I Wire cloth telt ,i.vel ( ",..ir,.,;•• ).tSpeci6cation for compaction ramm.r for soil te.tins-

11,2720 (Part VD) .1_diltributed uniformly over the Iurface or each layer. The operator shallensure that the tube of the rammer is -kept clear of soil 10 that the ram­mer always falls freely. The amount of soil used IbaJI be fufBcient to fillthe mould, leaving not more than about 6 uun to be struck off when theextenaion it removed ( .", Note ~). The extension .hall be removed andthe compacted scil shall be levelled off carefully to the top of the mouldby means of the straightedge. The mould and .oil Ihall then be weighedto 11 ( ml ).

5.1.1 The compacted soil specimen lhall be removed from the mouldaDd placed OD the mixing tray. The water content of a representative.ample of the specimen shall be determined al in IS: 2720 (Part 11 )­1975-.

5.1.4 The remainder of the sell speeimen .haJl be broken up, rubbedthrough the 20-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder ofthe original sample, Suitable increment. of water ( II' Note 6 ) Ihall beadded luccesaively and mixed into the .ample, and the above procedurefrom operations 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 .hall be repeated for each incrementof water added. The total number of determinations made .hall beat least &ve. and the range of moisture contentl Ihould be such that theoptimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, i.within that range.

5.2 SoD S••c:epdble to era.ldal DIIIi_1 ColDpactioa ( II. Note 1 )­The procedure is al follows:

a) Five or more 2·5.kg samplee or air dried .oil passing the20-mm IS test sieve, shall be taken (I" Note 2 ). The samplesshall each be mixed thoroughly with dift'erent amounts of waterto give a suitable range of moisture contents (I" Notes 3 and 4).The range of moisture content, at which the maximum drydeDlity occun. i. within that range ( I" Note 6). .

b) Each aample .h.ll be treated u in 5.1.2.c) Each compacted lpecimen Iball be treated as in 5.1.3.d) The remainder of each loillpedmeD .hall be discarded.

5.3 eolDpaetloala I..aIw..Slae Moalcl -- For compactins .oil coDtainingcoarse material up to 40 mm lize. the 2 250 ml mould .hould be used, Aaample weighing about 6 kl and palliD, the 4O-mm IS .ieve i. used forth. test. Soil i. compacted in three layerlt each layer being given55 bJOWI of the 2·6.kg rammer. The relt of the procedure i. the aame ula 5.1 or 5.2 .

• W.thocll 01 tat (or aoila J Part II Determilladoa or .at. coate.e (_U rlRnM ).

6

18 I 2120 ( Part VII) • 1980

NOT. 2 - The removal of.mall amounts of stone ( up to 5 percent) retained on• 20-mm IS Sieve will affect the density obtainable only by amounts comparablewith the experimental error involved in measuring the maximum dry density.The exclusion or a large proportion of stone coarse than 20 mm may have a majoreffect on the density obtained compared with that obtainable with the soil as awhole, and on the optimum moisture content. There is at present no generallyaccepted method of test or of calculation for dealing with this difficulty in com­paring laboratory compaction test reaults with densities obtained in the field. Forloils containing larger proportions of gravel, the use of a bigger mould ( 2 250 ml ;will avoid major errors.

NOT. 3 -- The amount of water to be mixed with air dried loil at the com­mencement of the test will vary with the type of soil under test. In general, withsandy and gravelly soil. a moisture content of 4 percent to 6 percent would beIuitable, while with cohesive soiJ. a moisture content about 8 percent to )0 percentbelow the plastic limit of the loil ( plastic limit minus 10 to plastic limit minul 8 )usually be suitable.

NOTE 4 -- It i3 important that the water il mixed thoroughly and adequatelywith the soil, since inadequate mixing gives rise to variable test results. Thisi. particularly important with cohesive loiJa when adtiing a substantial quantity ofwater to the air dried soil. With clays of high plasticity, or where hand mixing isemployed, it may be difficult to distribute the water uniformly through the airdried loil by mixing alone, and it may be necessary to store the mixed sample in ale.led container for a minimum period of about 16 hours before continuing with thetest.

NOT. 5 -- It is necessary to control the total volume of soil compacted, since itba.. been found that if the amount of soil struck off'after removing the extension istoo Ireat. the test results will be inaccurate.

NOT. 6 - The water added for each stage or tb. test should be such that arange of moisture contents is obtained which includes the optimum moistureIn general, incrementa of 1 percent to 2 percent are suitable for sandy and gravellyloils and or 2 percent tCt 4 percent for cohesive soils. To increase the accuracy ofthe telt it il often advisable to reduce the incrementa of water in the region oi theoptimum moisture content.

6. CALCULATIONS1.1 Balk De••lty - Ym in glml, of each compacted specimen shall becalculated from the equation:

ma-mlYID- Y..

whereml - mass in g of mould and base;m. c= mass in g of mould, base and soil; and

Vm - volume in ml of mould.1.2 The dry density, Yd in g/ml, shall be calculated from the equation:

100Y4Y4" 100+';

wherew := moisture content of soil in percent.

7

r. I ~720 ( Part VB ) • l'to

6.3 The dry densities, Yd obtained in a series of determinations shall beplotted against the corresponding moisture contents w. A smooth curveshall be drawn through the resulting points and the position of themaximum on this curve shall be determined.

7. REPORTING OF RESULTS

7.1 The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through themshowing the relationship between moisture content and dry density shallbe reported.

7.2 The dry density in g/ml corresponding to the maximum point on themoisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximum drydensity to the nearest 0·01.

7.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum drydensity on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as theoptimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest 0-2 for values below5 percent to the nearest 0·5 for values from 5 percent to 10 percent. andto the nearest whole' number for value exceeding 10 percent .( It'

Note 1 ).

7.'- The amount of stone retained on the 20·mm IS Sieve shall be repor­ted to the nearest 1 percent.

7.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, (206-kg rammermethod). The procedure used shall also be stated that is single sampleor separate sample and the size of the mould used,

NOT. 7 - For some highly permeable loila luch u cJean Ifavel., uniformlyIraded and coarse clean land. the reaultl or tbe laboratory compaction telt ( 2·6-k,rammer method) may provide only a poor Iuide for specification. on fieldeompaericn. The laboratory test orten indicate. bilber value. of optimum moisturecontent thaD would be desirable (or fieJd compactioD aad the maximum dry densilyi.OrteD much lower thaD the Itate of compactloD tbat caD readily be obtained intb. fi.ld.

8

IS, 2720 ( Part VII) • 1980

( ColitillllMlft.. /MI' 2 )

Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BOC 23:3

~,

University ofJodhpur, Jodhpur

Da B. L. DB"\YAX ( Al''''''' )

S••I M. D. N~I.

CD""""PROW ALAII SINOH

~/nnbn,

SBar AIf.£R SINOH Central Building Research Institute, RoorkeeD..UTY DIRECTOR R.aBABCR MiDistry or Railway.

(FE-II), aosoD2~UTY DJRZCTOB RBIBARCH

( SM·III ). RDSa ( Altmt4u )DIBBCTCA ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission. New Delhi

DEPlT'ry DIBKOToa ( CSMRS ) ( AltmaMI )Paow o0 ....x. RAM~.&lf University of Roorkee, Roorkee

Da S. C. HAlfD~ ( AI,,,,..,, )n. SBAIRI K. GULBATI In'dian Institute of Techno!o8Y, New DelhiS.81 H. K. GUBA Geologists Syndicate pvt Ltd, Calcutta

S.BI H. N. BB~TTAeBA.AY" (AllnftGl, )S••I O. P. MAL.oT.A. Public: Work. Department, Chandigarh Adminis-

trationAssociated IDltrumentl Manufacturer. ( I ) Pvt

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Pradeab, Lucknow

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