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है”ह”ह

IS 3025-59 (2006): Methods of Sampling and test (physicaland Chemicals) for water and wastewater, Part 59: Manganese[CHD 32: Environmental Protection and Waste Management]

,’

Indian Standard

METHODS OF SAMPL~G AND TEST (PHYSICAL ANDCHE~ICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER

IPART 59 MANGANESE

I (First Revision)

ICS 13.060.50

.8

0 BIS 2006

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH

NEW DELHI 110002

April 2006

ZAFAR MARG

Ptice Group 4

Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Comittee, CHD 32

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 59) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afier the drafi finalizedby the Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee had been approved by the ChemicalDivision Council.

Manganese is a naturally occurring element that is found in rock, soil, water.and food. It usually occurs together withiron. Surface water (rivers and reservoirs) do not usually contain high concentrations of manganese because the oxygenrich water enables the mineral to settle out as sediments ofien associated with mkro-organisms and as complexes with,for example, humic acid. In deep wells and springs where the oxygen content andpH tend to be low, all manganese willbe present in dissolved forms and water containing manganese appears colorless.

Manganese can affect the flavour and colour of water and can also react with tannins present in beverages to form ablack sludge affecting both the taste and appearance.

As per IS 10500:1991 ‘Drinking water — Specification @rst revision)’, the desirable limit and permissible limit (inthe absence of alternate source) for manganese in the drinking water is 0,1 m~l, maximum and 0.3 m~l, mmimumrespectively. Beyond this level both the taste and appearance are affected and has adverse effect on domestic uses andwater supply structure.

The Committee responsible for the formulation of IS 3025:1964 ‘Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical)for water used in industry’ had decided to revise the standard and publish it as separate parts. This standard is one of thedifferent parts under the IS 3025 series of standards and supersede 35 of IS 3025.

Forrnaldoxime method given in this standard is prepared based on the method specified in 1S0 6333:1986 ‘Waterquality – Determination of manganese – Formaldoxime spectroscopic method’. It is technically equivalent to1S0 6333:1986.

The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex A.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or-calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values(revise~’.

IS 3025 (Part 59): 2006

Indian Standard

METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL ANDCHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER

PART 59 MANGANESE

(First Revision)

1 SCOPE

This standard (Part 59) prescribes two methods of testfor detetination of manganese in water and wastewater.

a) Periodate calorimetric method, and

b) Formaldoxime photometric method.

2 REFERENCES .

The standards listed below contain provisions whichthrough reference in this text constitute provisions of thisstandard. At the time of publication, the editions indicatedwere valid. All standards are subject to revision and partiesto agreements based on this standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recenteditions of the standards indicated below:

IS No.

3025 (Part 1): 1986

7022 (Part 1) :1973

7022 (Part 2): 1979

Ztle

Methods of sampling and test(physical and chemical) for waterand wastewate~ Part 1 Sampling~rst revision)

Glossary of terms relating to water,sewage and industrial ernuents,Pm”l

Glossary of terms relating to water,sewage and industrial ernuents,Part 2

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, definitions given inIS 7022 (Part 1) and IS 7022 (Part 2) shall apply.

4 SAMPLING AND PRESERVATION

Sampling and sample preservation shall be done asprescribed in IS 3025 (Part 1), Collect the sample in apolyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or glass container andacidi~ the sample with sulphuric acid (see 6.4.9) until thepH is approximately, but not less than, 1.This acidificationminimizes adsorption of manganese on the walls of thecontainer and also assists in the dissolution of colloidaland particulate forms of manganese.

5 PERIODATE CALORIMETRIC METHOD

5.1 Principle

The manganese in the sample is oxidized with potassiumperiodate. The pink colour obtained is matched againstthat produced with a series of standard manganesesolutions.

5.2 .Range and Applicability

The method is applicable up to 0,2 mg of manganese(as Mn).

5.3 Interference

No information available.

5.4 Apparatus

5.4.1 Nessler Tubes — 50 ml capacity,

5.5 Reagents

5.5.1 Dilute Sulphuric Acid— 1:1 VIV.

5.5.2 Hydrogen Peroxide-Nitric Acid Mkture — Mixequal volumes of hydrogen peroxide (30 percent) andconcentrated nitric acid. Prepare fresh every day.

“5.5.3 Stabilized Distilled Water —Assemble a distillationapparatus consisting of a round bottom 1 Iitre flask fittedwith an efficient splash head, connected to a Liebigcondenser by means of ground-glass joints. Introduce 500to 600 ml of distilled water into the flask, add about 0.1 gof potassium permanganate previously dissolved in 5 mlof water and a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Distillcarefully taking care that there is no carryover by splashingor othew-ise of liquid from the flask, and reject the first50 ml of distillate.

5.5.4 Phosphoric Acid— Specific gravity 1.75.

5.5.5 Potassium Periodate

5.5.6 Standard Manganese Solution — Measure 45.5 mlof 0.1N potassium permanganate solution into a 250-ml

1

IS 3025 (Part 59) :2006

beaker, addafew drop ofdilute sulphuric acid, heat to manganese concentrations between 0.01 m~l and 5 m~l.boiling and then add a saturated solution of sulphur dioxide Manganese concentrations above 5 mg/1 may bein water drop by drop until the permanganate is just determined afier suitable dilution of the sample.decolourized. Boil for 15 rein, cool, transfer the solution,to a 500-ml graduated flask, dilute to the mark and mix NOTE — This method is not applicable to highly contaminated

waters such as industrial wastewater.well. Measure 100 ml of the solution into a 500-mlgraduated flask, add 5 ml of dilute sulphuric acid, diluteto the mark and mix well. One millilitre of the dilutesolution is equivalent to 0.02 mg of manganese (as Mn).

5.6 Procedure

To a 300-ml conical flask of borosilicate glass measure asuitable volume of the well mixed sample (see Note). Add4.0 ml of dilute sulphuric acid and evaporate to fuming.Wilst heating, treat with the hydrogen peroxide-nitric acidmixture, adding a few drops at a time, until all traces oforganic matter are completely destroyed. Cool, add10ml of stabilized distilled water and evaporate to tiinGagain cool and repeat the addition of-water followed byevaporation. Add 50 ml of stabilized distilled water, 2 mlof the phosphoric acid and 0.2 g of potassium periodate,bring to the boil and keep just below the boiling point for1hour. Cool to room temperature, transfer the solution toa Nessler tube, adjust the volume to 50 ml with stabilizeddistilled water and mix well. Into seven 300-ml conicalflasks measure by means ofa burette, O, 1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0 and 10 ml of standard manganese solution. Treat asdescribed above for the sample. Trmsfer the solutions toNessler tubes, dilute to the mark with stabilized distilledwater and mix. Compare the colours of the sample andstandards.

6.2 Principle

Manganese reacts with formaldoxime solution to form anorange-red complex. The manganese formaldoximecomplex is stable between pH values of 9.5 and 10.5 andthe intensi~ of the colour produced is proportional to theamount of manganese present. Manganese is determinedspectrometrically at a wavelength of about 450 nm.

NOTE — If suspended or orgsmicdly bound manganese is presers~pre-treatment is required to convert manganese to forms capable ofreacting with formaldoxime.

6.3 Apparatus

6.3.1 Spectrometer, with selectors for continuous variation(prism or grating we) or discontinuous variation (narrowband pass optical filter) capable of measuring absorb~ceat approximately 450 mm equipped with cells of opticalpath kngths up to 100 mm (for mangmese concentrationsof less than 0.3 mg/1) and 10 mm (for manganeseconcentrations above 0.3 m~l).

6.3.2 Glass Bottle, capacity 100 ml, provided with groundglass stoppers and metal clamps or with screw-caps ofnon-coloured plastic, suitable for autoclaving.

NOTE — Suitable volumes of sample areas follows: NOTE — All glassware and sampling containers shall be washedwith approximately 1molll hydrochloric acid (HCI) and rinsed with

S1 Calcium Content ojSample Volume of Sample water before use.No. As CaCO1

m~l(1) (2)

6.3.3 Autoclave or Pressure Cooker, capable of;;

maintaining a temperature of 120°C and a pressure of1) Up to and including 250 200 200 kPa.

ii) 251-500 100

iii) 501-1000 50 6.4 Reagents

5.7 Calculation 6.4.0 Purjty of the Reagents — Unless specified

Manganese (as Mn), m~l = 1000$otherwise, only pure chemicals and fluoride free distilledwater shall be used in tests.

where NOTE — ‘Purechemicals’shallmeanchemicatsthatdonotcontain

W= amount of manganese present in the standardimpurities which affect the results of analysis.

which matches the colour obtained with thesample, in mg; and

6.4.1 Oxjdizing Reagent, either potassiumperoxodisulphate (KZSZ08)or sodium peroxodisulphate

V= volume of the sample taken for the test, in ml. @a,S,O,).

6 FORMALDOXIME SPECTROMETRIC 6.4.2 Sodium Sulphite (NazS03), anhydrous.METHOD

6.4.3 EDTA, Tetrasodium Salt, Solution, c@DTA)6.1 Range and Applicability = 0.24 mol/1 — Dissolve 90 g of disodium

The method is applicable to the determination of ethylenedinitrilotetra-acetic acid ~a2EDTA) dihydrate

2

(C,0H~N,Na,08.2H,0) and 19 g of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) in water and dilute to 1000 ml.

Alternatively, dissolve 109 g of tetrasodium. ethylenedinitrilotetra-acetic acid @aAEDTA)tetra hydrate

(C,0H12N2Na,08.4 H20) or 100 g of tetrasodiumethylenedinitri lotetra-acetic acid dihydrate(C,0H,,N,Na,0B.2H,0) in water and dilute to 1000 ml.

6.4.4 Formaldoxime Solution — Dissolve 10 g ofhydroxylamrnoniurrt chloride @HjOHCI) in about 50 mlof water. Add 5 ml of 35 percent (tire) methanal (HCHO)(formaldehyde) solution (c= 1.08 #ml) and dilute withwater to 100 ml.

NOTE — Keep the bottle in a dark and cool plaw. The solutionhas a shelf-life of at Iemt 1 month.

WARNING— The reagents described in 6.4.4 and 6.4.6 should beregardedas special h-ds..H-dous operations should be cmiedout in a fume cupboard. Care must be taken to avoid ingestion orinhalationofv~oum and to protect the hands, 9es and face. Glovesand goggles must be worn and any suspected skin contamination-washedoff immediately. Inhalation of the vapours of formaldehydeand fomrddoxime will resultin severe irritation and oedema of theupper respiratory tract.

6.4.5 Hydroxylammonium ChloriddAmmonia Solution

6.4.6 Hydroxylammonium Chloride Solution (NHJ OHCI=6 moU~— Dissolve 42 g ofhydroxylammonium chloridein water and dilute to 100 ml.

6.4.7 Ammonia Solution (NHJ) = 4.7 moUl — Dilute70 ml of concentrated ammonia (&-O.9 1 #ml) with waterto 200 ml.

6.4.8 Ammonium Iron (10 Sulphate Hexahydate Solution

[(NH,),Fe(SOJ,.6H20] – 700 m~l.

6.4.9 Su~huric Acid (HzSO,) = 3 mol/1 — Carefully add170 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (p = 1,84 @ml) to750 ml of water. Allow to cool and dilute to 1000 ml.This solution is commercially available H,SO, (p = 1.19#ml).

6.4.10 Working Ammonium Iron (II) SulphateHaahydrate Solution — Dissalve 700 mg of ammoniumiron(II) sulphate hexahydrate in water, add 1 ml ofsulphuric acid (see 6.4.9) and dilute to 1000 ml.

6.4.11 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (NaO~ = 4 moUl —Dissolve 160 g of sodium hydroxide in water and diluteto 1000 ml.

6.4.12 Manganese Standard Solution, Corresponding to100 mg of Mnper litre — Dissolve 308 mg of manganesesulphate monohydrate (MnSOd. H20) in water in a 1000ml one-mark volumetric flask. Add 10 ml of sulphuric acid(see 6.4.9),make up to the mark with water and mix. Oneml of this standard solution contains 0.1 mg of Mn.

IS 3025 (Part 59): 2006

NOTE — Commercially available standard solutions can dso beused.

6.5 Procedure

6.5.1 Test Portion

Take as the test portion 50 ml, or an accurately measuredaliquot diluted to 50 ml, of the acidified test samplecontaining less than 0.25 mg of manganese (5 m~l).

6.5.2 Preparation of Test Sohtion

If organically bound or suspended manganese is present,add 225 * 25 mg of oxidizing reagent (see 6.4.1) to thetest portion (see 6.5.1 ). The oxidation can be performedin one of two ways:

a)

b)

autoclave the mixture for 30 min in a bottle(see 6.3.2); cool and add approximately 0.5 g ofsodium sulphite (see 6.4.2) to reduce oxidizingsubstances; and

boil the mixture.in a 100 ml conical flask or beakerfor about 40 rein; cool and transfer the mixture to a50 ml one-mark volumetric flask, make up to the,mark with water and add approximately 0.5 g of ‘sodium sulphite (see 6.4.2) to reduce oxidizingsubstances. Autoclaving is preferable in the caseof samples containing humic acids. If the procedureis not to be continued immediately, the pre-treatedsample may be kept overnight.

NOTE — hy turbidity and colour is destroyed during the pre-treatment. If experience has shown that this pre-treatment stage isnot required, for example, in most cases for drinking water, it may.be omitted.

6.6 Blank Test

Carryout a blank test in parallel with the determination,replacing the test portion by 50 ml of water. If theabsorbance of the blank test differs significantly from theextrapolated absorbance of the zero member (see 6.7.4),the reasons for this difference shall be investigated.

6.7 Calibration

6.7.1

a)

b)

Preparation of the Set of Calibration Solutions

Range A: O to 0.5 m~l manganese

Dilute 5 + 0.05 ml of standard manganese solution(see 6.4.12) to 1000 ml with water in a 1000 mlone-mark volumetric flask. To a series of five50-ml one-mark volumetric flasks add O, 10, 20,30 and 40 ml of this diluted manganese solutionand dilute to the mark with water. This givescalibration standard solutions of 0,0.1,0,2,0.3 and0.4 m~l of manganese.

Range B: O to 5 m~l manganese

Dilute 50+ 0.5 ml of standard manganese solution(see 6.4.12) to 1000 ml with water in a.1 000 ml

IS 3025 (Part 59): 2006

one-mark volumetric flask. To a series of five50-ml one-mark volumetric flasks add O, 10, 20,30 and 40 ml of this diluEed manganese solutionand dilute to the mark with water. This givescalibration standard solutions of O, 1, 2, 3 and 4m~l of manganese.

6.7.2 Colour Development

Add 1 ml of ~onium iron (11) sulphate hexahydratesolution (xee 6.4.8) and 2 ml of EDTA, tetrasodium saltsolution (see 6.4.3) to each of the solutions, Afier mixing,add 1 ml of the formaldoxime solution (see 6.4.4) andimmediately add 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution(see 6.4.11). Thoroughly mix the solutions and allow tostand for 5 to 10 rein, then add, whilst mixing, 3 ml ofhydroxylarmnonium chloridelammonia solution (see 6.4.5)and leave to stand for at least 1 h.

6.7.3 Spectrometric Measurements

Between 1 h and 4 h afEercolour development, measurethe absorbance of the solutions using the spectrometer ata wavelength of 450 nm against water as reference. Forcalibration solutions in range A (Oto 0.5 m@lmanganese)use cells of 100 mm optical path length and for range B(Oto 5 m~l manganese) use cells of 10 mm optical pathlength.

6.7.4 Plotting the Calibration Graph

For each set of calibration solutions, prepare a calibrationgraph by plotting the manganese concentration, expressedin milligrams per Iitre, of the solution as abscissa againstthe corresponding absorbance as oFdinate. It is essentialthat a linear calibration graph be achieved. The calibrationfactor, 1, is the reciprocal of the ‘slope of the calibrationgraph. The intercept of the calibration graph on the ordinategives the extrapolated absorbance of the zero member ofthe set of calibration solutions. The calibration factor canalso be calculated by regression analysis,

6.7.5 Frequenq of Calibration

Each graph shall be checked periodically, and especiallywhen new reagents are used, to ensure repeatability.

6.8 Determination

6.8.1 Colour Development

Proceed in accordance with 6.7.2, -but using the testsolution (see 6.5.2) instead of the calibration solutions. Ifthe test solution has been pre-treated (see 6.5.2), increasethe amount ofsodium hydroxide solution (see 6.4.11) from2 to 2.5 ml.

6.8.2 Spectrometric Measurements — See 6.7.3.

6.9 Expression of Results

6.9.1 Calculation

The manganese concentration, expressed in mg of Mnper litre, is given by the formula:

A, =

AO =

Mn ‘flA, – AO)g

calibration factor appropriate to the particularcalibration graph chosen and derived as statedin 6.7.4, expressed, in m~l;

absorbance of the test solution (see 6.8.2);

extrapolated absorbance of the zero member(see 6.7.4); and

a factor given by the formula:

v,g=_

where

VI =

V2=

V2

maximum volume, of the test portion(here.50 ml), in millilitre; and

volume, of the test portion, ifan aliquotwas taken, in millilitie.

NOTE — The volume of acid added (see 5) to the sample shall &t~en into mnsidemtion in the calculation.

Report the results to the nearest 0.01 m~l for manganeseconcentrations from 0.01 to 1 m~l; and to the nearest0.1 m~ for manganese concentrations greater than 1m~.

6.10 Precision

See Table 1.

6.11 Interferences

Ferric ions form a violet complex with formaldoximewhich interferes with manganese determination. Theaddition of EDTA (see 6.4.3) and hydroxylammoniumchloride/ammonia (see 6.4.5) reduces the intetierence;however, it has been shown that the best method ofovercoming this effect is to add a constant known amountof iron (111)as ammonium iron (II) sulphate to eachcalibration solution, blank test and test solution. Thepresence of 1 mg of cobalt (Co) per litre gives a responseequivalent to 40 pg of manganese per litre. If calcium ispresent, orthophosphate concentrations above 2 mg ofphosphoms (P) per litre cause low results, The presenceof calcium and magnesium in combined concentrationsabove 300 m~ causes high results. If turbidity is presentafier formation of the coloured complex, centrifuge thesolution before measurement of the absorbance (see 6.4.3).

IS 3025 (Part 59): 2006

Table 1 Reproducibility of the Method@ata Derived from an Inter Laboratory Trial Carried Out in 1982)

(Clause 6.10)

.S1No. Manganese Laboratory Number of Mean Standard

Concentration Results Value Deviationm~l

(1) (2)m~l

(3)md

(4) (5) (6)

i)

t

0.050 B 30 0.049 0.0035

ii) 0.100 A 30 0.12 0.025

iii) o.100 B 30 0.099 0.002 I

iv) 0.500 B 30 0.497 0.008 S

v) 1.000 A 30 1,01 0.04

vi) 1.000 B 30 1.001 0.0091

vii) 2.000 A 30 1.99 0.035

viii) 2.000 B 30 2B55 O.o11 1

ix) 4,000 A 30 4.02 0.047

x) 4.000 B 30 4.198 “o.1333

ANNEX A(Forewor~

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee, CHD 32

Organization

In personal capacity (40/f 4, C. R. Pork, New Delhi-110019)

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited, Hardwar

Cement Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhi

Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad

Central bather Research Institute, Chennai

Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi

Confederation of Indian Industries, New Delhi

Crop Care Federation of Indi& New Delhi

Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, New &Mi

Delhi College of Engineering Delhi

Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institute, Mumbai

5

Representative(s)

PROFDILIPBISWAS(Ch~rman)

DR(SHRJMATJ)-G G PANDJTDR1.V.SARADHI(Alternate)

DRN. G SHRJVASTAVA

DRK. C. “NAWNG

DRL. C. RAM

DRS. RAJAMANI

DRS. D. MAXHIJANIDRC. S. SHARMA(Allerw/e [)DRS. K. TYAGI(Alternate 11)

SHJUA. K. GHOSESHRJR. P. SHAWA(Alterrrate)

SHRJP.‘N. PARMESHAWAUN

DRM~SH KHARSDRATULMJTTAL(Alternate 1)DRARVWDNEMA(Alternate 11)

DRRAXSSHMEHROTRASm V.K. MJNWHA(Alternate 1)DR(SHRJMATI)A. MANDAL(Afternate 11)

SHRJS. S. GA~AMSHRJBRrJMOHAN(Alternate)

1

IS 3025 (Pati 59): 2006

Organization

Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi

Engineers India Limited, New Delhi

..

Represenfafive(s)

DR(SHSUMATI)MADHUWSHARMA

SHUB. B. LALSHRJSUSHEELSADH(Alternate)

IEnvirotech Instmments Private Limited, New Delhi SHRIRAWSHAGARWALDRRAJENPUPRASAD(Alternate)

Federation of lndirrnChambers of Commerce& Industry (FICCI), New Delhi

Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Ahmedabad

Hindustan ~ver Limited, Mumbai

Ms ~TARA ROY

SHSUD, C. DAVE

SHRJB. B, DAVESHrUADrTYAJHAVAR(Alternate)

Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Mumbai SHRJV.N. DASSHmA. A. PANIWANI(Alrerrrale)

IrrdiarrCouncil of Agricrrhural.Research, New Delhi

Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi

Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Faridabad

lPCL, Vadodara

DR R. C. MAHESHWASU IDR H. N. SANAD

DR M. P. SrNGH

SHWANUPAMDESAISHWMIHIRBANERJI(Alternate)

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow

Ministry of Defencce (R&D), DRDO, New Delhi

Ministry of Environment& Forests, New Delhi

Minist~ of Non-conventional Energy Sources, New Delhi

Town & Country Planning Organization, Ministry of UrbanDevelopment, New Delhi

Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai

DR S. K. BHAnGAVA

SHWJ. C. KAPDGR

REPRESENTATIVE

ISHrUVWODKUMARJArN

SHN”K.K JOADDERDRSANTOSHVIDHYADHARAN(Alternate)

DEP~ Cm ENGWEERCIVIL(ENVT)DEPUTYEXECWIVEENCWEER(Alternate)

National Institute of Occupatiorrd Health (lCMR), Ahmedabad DRV. KarsmmumDR A. K. MUXHERJEE(A/lernate)

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur DR V.1.PANDrTDRTAPANNANDY(Alternate)

INational Thermal Power Corporation Limited, New Delhi

NCCBM, New Delhi

SHRrR. GOPAL

SHUM. S. BHAGWATDRS. N, PAn (Alternate)

Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai DR E. SUNDERASANDRU. K, SARGGP(Alternate)

.Shrirarn Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi SHNV. G K. NAIRDR JAGDISHKUMAR(Alternate)

SGS India Limited, Chennai

Steel Authority of India Limited, New Delhi

SHWS. RAVI

SHRJV. M. SHASTRJSHNK. B. LAL(Alternate) I

Thapar Centre for Industrial Research& Development, Patiala DR MAHESHWARROYDR S. K. CHAWABORW(Alternate)

6

Organization

~eFefiilizer Association of India, New Delhi

, BIS Directorate General

IS 3025 (Part 59): 2006

Representative(s)

DR(SHRrMATI)B. SWAMmATHANDRS. NAND(Alterna(e)

DRU. C. SRrVASTAVA,Scientist ‘F’& Head (Chemical)[Representing Director General (Ex-o~cio)]

I

Member Secreta~SHWN. K. PAL

Director (Chemical), BIS

I

I

7

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oJZndian Stundar& Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to -connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘01S Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CHD 32 (1297).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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