Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 7348-1 (2003): Dental vocabulary: Part 1-General andclinical terms [MHD 8: Dentistry]

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

Indian Standard

DENTAL VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL AND CLINICAL TERMS

ICS 01 .040.11; 11.060.01

@ BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAfl MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

March 2003 Price Group 6

Dentistry Sectional Committee, MHD 8

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 1 ) which is identical with ISO 1942-1 :1989 ‘Dental vocabulary — Part 1 :General and clinical terms’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) wasadopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Dentistry Sectional Committeeand approval of the Medical Equipment and Hospital Planning Division Council.

This standard under the general title ‘Dental Vocabulary’ is being published in five parts. Other parts inthis series are as follows:

Part 2 Dental materials

Part 3 Dental instruments

Part 4 Dental equipment

Part 5 Terms associated with testing

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attentionis particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’; and

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

Only the English language text of the International Standard ( including alphabetical index ) has beenadopted in this standard.

Amendments 1 and 2 of 1992 and Amendments 4 and 5 of 1993 have been issued to ISO 1942-1:1989,adding in numerical sequence certain terms which have been included in continuation of the existingtext of this standard ( from 1.133 onwards ).

IS 7348( Part 1 ): 2003ISO 1942-1:1989

Indian Standard

DENTAL VOCABULARYPART 1 GENERAL AND CLINICAL TERMS

1 Scope

This part of ISO 1942 defines general and clinicalterms used in dentistry; terms relating todental materials, instruments and equipment, andterms associated with the testing of suchproducts are incorporated in the four otherparts of this international Standard.

This International Standard is intended toprovide accepted definitions for a number of termsused in dentistry that could prove useful forthe comprehension of documents aiming atthe preparation and implementation ofStandards, and to improve communication,through close cooperation with the Federationdentaire internationale, the World HealthOrganization and other national or internationalinterested organizations.

2 Use of terms printed in italic typeface indefinitions

A term printed in italic typeface in a definition,an example or a note has the meaning given toit in another entry of the Vocabulary, and maybe found in any part of ISO 1942. The term isonly printed in italic typeface the first time itoccurs in each entry.

Other grammatical forms of the term, for exampleplurals of nouns and participles of verbs, areprinted in the same way as the basic form.

1.001 dentistry’): Science and art of preventing,diagnosing and treating diseases andmalformations of and injuries to the teeth, mouthand jaws, and of replacing lost teeth and associatedtissues.

1) The designation of “dentistry” may vary according tothe usage of the term in the country concerned.

1

1.002 dentist2) : Person who after completingsecondary education, or equivalent, follows aprescribed course in dentistry, at a recognized( .or accredited ) university or dental school,at the successful completion of which, he( or she ) is qualified to be legally licensed( or registered ) to practise dentistry, by theresponsible body in the country and is capableof undertaking the prevention, diagnosis andtreatment of orodental conditions at thecommunity and individual levels by exercisingindependent judgement without supervision.

1.003 dental education: All forms of educationwhich embrace the profession or art of a dentist.

1.004 undergraduate dental education : Thatdental education leading to the achievement ofthe primary qualification for the practice of dentistty.

1.005 graduate dental education : That whichfollows undergraduate education and which is aplanned sequence of advanced courses leadingto a diploma granted by recognized or accreditedinstitutions.

1.008 postgraduate dental education: All formsof dental education offered to the graduate dentist.

1.007 specialist graduate dental education :Process by which the graduate dentist completesthe planned sequenceof advanced courses andtraining given by a recognized accredited institution.It must be of sufficient length and content toqualify the candidate fpr formal recognition inthe speciality by diploma, degree or certificatefrom a recognized examining body.

1.008 continuing dental education: Improvementof professional understanding which, whileconferring no change in status, refreshes thedentist’s knowledge, adds to his experience andexpands the scope and depth of his training.

1.009 dental office; dental surgery: Locationwhere dental patients are received and treatedby the dentist.

2, This definition is in accordance with the WHO, CIOMSdefinitions of a “physician” adopted by the World HealthAssembly, Geneva, April 1972. The designation of dentistand dental schools may vary according to the usage ofthe terms in the country concerned.

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.010 working space of the dentist : Spaceorganized around the dentist and equipped forthe positioning and treatment of the patient.

1.011 dental group practice: Formally constitutedorganization of dentists, being either individuals,partnerships or corporations, who by means ofthe organization, share the cost of permises.andequipment, and have agreed to observerecognized standards of ethical behaviour andprocedures for joining and leaving the group.

1.012 dental laboratory : Workshop wheretechnical procedures prescribed by the dentist,and not requiring the presence of the patient,are carried out.

1.021 endodontics : That branch of dentistryconcerned with the diagnosis and treatment ofthe diseases of the pu/p and the contiguousperiapical tissues.

1.022 dental expert : Person who, by virtue ofthis dental knowledge and experience, iscapable of giving an authoritative opinion in dentalmatters.

1.023 forensic dentistry: That branch of dentistrywhich deals with the professional handling,examination, interpretation and presentation ofdental and oral evidence which may come beforethe legal authorities.

1.024 dental identification : Identification bymeans of dental characteristics.

1..013 dental technician) : Dental auxiliarycompetent to perform under the prescription of

1.025 forensic dental expert : Dents/ expert

the dentist, the dental laboratory work.who, by virtue of his experience and knowledgein forensic dentistry is capable of giving an

1.014 controlled clinical trial : Evaluation inhuman beings of the preventive or therapeuticefficacy and safety of an agent or a method byintr-agroup, intergroup or intraperson comparisonunder controlled conditions.

1.015 orthodontics : Branch of dentistryconcerned with the study of craniofacial growthand development, the treatment or preventionof malocclusion and other dentofacial anomalies.

1.016 periodontics; periodontia : That branchof derrtistryconcerned with the study, preventionand treatment of diseases affecting theperiodontiurrr.

1.017 restorative dentistry : Comprehensiveterm covering dental procedures in the dentulousor partially ecfentulous mouth; these may includeoperative, endodontics, periodontics, orthodonticand prosthetic procedures.

1.018 conservative dentistry : That part ofdentistry which is concerned with the treatmentand restoration of individual teeth.

1.019 . . . . . . . That part of conservative dentistrywhich is concerned with the functional restorationof the tooth.

authoritative opinion in that field.

1.026 prosthodontics; prosthetic dentistry:That branch of denfistrywhich is concerned withthe functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of themasticator system by artificial replacement ofmissing teeth and associated tissues.

1.027 filling

(1) Action

Obturation of a tooth cavity by suitable materialswhich may or may not restore the form and/orfunction of the tooth.

(2) Result

Material(s) which, when inserted into a toothcavity, may or may not restore form and/orfunction.

1.028 dental material: Substance or combinationof substances specially prepared and/or presentedfor the use of authorized persons in the practiceof dentistry and/or its associated procedures.’

1.029 filling material : Dents/rnateria/speciallyprepared and/or presented for temporary orpermanent fi//ing of -dental cavities withoutnecessarily restoring the form and/or functionof the tooth.

1.030 restoration1.020 paedodontics; pedodontics/USA/: Thatbranch of dentistry which k concerned with the

(1) Action

diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oral Reconstruction of the form and function of a tooth.anomalies, conditions and injuries in children.

(2) Result

1) The designation “dental technician” and his technical Material(s) which restore form and /or functionqualification may vary according to the countries concerned. of a tooth.

2

1.031 dental restorative material: Derrkdrnateria/specifically prepared and/or presented for restoringform and/or function of a tooth.

1.032 dental duplicating material : Materialspecifically prepared and/or presented for takingimpressions of mode/s ( casts/USA/ ).

1.033 endodontic-materials: Dents/ rnateriakspecifically prepared and/or presented for usein the pulp chamber and root canal in the courseof endodontics treatment.

1.034 dental equipment : Furniture, machines,apparatus and accessories thereto, speciallymanufactured and/or presented for the use ofauthorized persons in the practice of dentistryand/or its associated procedures.

1.035 dental instruments : Small hand-toolsspecially designed for use in dentistry.

1.036 dental product : Any product speciallymanufactured, prepared and/or presented for theuse of authorized persons in the practice ofdentistry and/or its associated procedures.

1.037 dental device : Any article, instrumentor appliance, specially manufactured and/orpresented for the use of authorized persons inthe practice of dentistry and/or its associatedprocedures, which is neither a derrta/ rnateria/,nor an item of dents/ equipment, nor has beenmade specifically for an individual patient.

1.038 dental pharmacological materials: Thosedental materiq/s which carry out their intendedfunction by actively affecting, either locally orsystemically, the normal physiological behaviourof the tissues or any pathological changes takingplace in them, or by modifying the”normalmetabolism of cells or of invading microorganisms.( Such pharmacological action may also be asecondary function of certain other dentalmateriak. )

1.039 derrtal anesthetics : Dents/pharmaco/ogica/ rnateriak used to induce localor regional anesthesia.

1.040 mouthwash : Solution which may bepresented for a specific therapeutic effect, orobtained and used for its general cleansing andstimulating effect in aiding oral hygiene.

1.041 dental floss : Thread or tape, commonlysynthetic fibre, used for the removal of plaqueand/or debris from the approximal surfaces ofteeth and the gingival surface of fixed prostheses.

IS 7348( Part 1 ): 2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.042 tooth: Organ normally consisting of enamel,dentine, pulp and cementum.

1.043 anter”mr teeth : Maxillary.and mandibularincisors and canines.

1.044 posterior teeth : Maxillary and mandibularpremolars and molars.

NOTE — in the primary dentition, all posterior teeth aremolars.

1.045 anatomical crown : That portion of atooth normally covered by, and including, enamel.

1.046 visible crown: That part of the anatomica/crown which is accessible to visual examination.

1.047 clinical crown : That portion of a toothnot covered by supporting tissues.

1.048 dental organ: Tissue complex comprisingthe tooth and its supporting structures.

1.7)49 odontium ( rarely used in English asnoun without a prefix ) : Part of the toothconsisting of enamel, dentine and pu/p, but notthe cementum.

1.050 endodontium; pulpodentinal organ :That part of the dental organ that pertains tothe tissues of the dental pulp and the dentine.

1.051 dentine; dentin/USA/: Hard tissue whichforms the bulk of the tooth and develops fromthe dental papilla and dental pulp, and in the

mature state is mineralized.

1.052orthodentine: ( Regular ) dentine organizedaround the mainly parallel tubuli containingodontoblastic processes.

1.053 dentine, mantle : Most peripheral partof the dentine adjacent to enamel, characterizedby coarsely bundled fibres running parallel to thebranching ends of the tubules.

1.054 peritubular dentine: Orthodentine whichconstitutes the highly mineralized matriximmediately around the dentinal tubules.

1.055 intratubular dentine: Mineralized matrixwhich is found in the tubules of orthodentine.

1.056 dentine, circumpulpal : Inner part ofthe dentine adjacent to the pu/p, characterizedby the inclusion of fine collagen fibres runnirrgapproximately at right-angles to the tubules.

1,057 dentine, primary: C3rthodentine formedprior to completion of root formation.

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.058 dentine, secondary : That portion oforfhodentine which is continuously producedsubsequent to primary dentine while the pu/premains vital.

1.059 dentine, tertiary: Irregular dentine depositedat sites of the pulpal aspects of primary orsecondary dentine, Corresponding to areas ofexternal irritation.

1.060 predestine : Non-mineralized layer oforthodentine matrix formed at the surface of thepulp.

1.061 pulp, dental : Soft tissue complex ofmesenchymal origin which occupies the pulpchamber and the root canal(s) of the tooth andis provided with dentin ogenic, nutritve,neurosensory and defensive functions.

1.062 indirect pulp capping : Dressing, forconserving the vitality of the pulp, of a toothaffected with a penetrating carious lesion, thecomplete excision of which could result in pu/pexposure.

1.063 direct pulp capping : Dressing of anexposed pu/p with the aim of maintaining pulpalvitality.

1.064 pulpitis : Inflammation of the dents/pu/p.

1..065 pulpotomy; pulp amputaion : Surgicalremoval of a portion of the pu/p with the aim ofmaintaining the vitality of the remaining portionby means of an adequate dressing.

1.066 pulpectomy; vital pulp extirpation :Complete surgical removal of the pu/p.

1.067 root canal enlargement : Operation ofwidening the pulpal cavity of a root by mechanicalor mechanico-chemical means.

1.068 focal infection of dental origin : Infectionoccurring within or adjacent to teeth which mayinfluence disease elsewhere.

1.069 ~eriodontium: Tissue complex comprisinggingivae, cementum, periodontal ligament andalveolar bone which attaches, nourishes andsupports the tooth ( odorrtium ).

1.070 periodontal : Pertaining to the,periodontium.

1.071 periodontopathy: Equivalent of periodontaldisease: any disease affecting the periodontium.

1.072 periodontolysis : Process leading toadvanced destruction of periodontium.

1.073 periodontosis: Non-inflammatory severedegeneration of the periodorrtium.

1.074 .periodontitis : Inflammation of theperiodontium.

1.075 desmodontium: Equivalent of periodontalligament or alveodental ligament ( membrane):the tissues that normally occupy the space betweencementum and bone.

1.076 desmodontal: Pertaining to the periodontalligament ( membrane). ( See desmodontium. )

1.077 cyst : Pathological cavity, usually linedwith epitheliums, containing fluid or soft matteror gas.

1.078 odontogenic [ developmental ][ primordial ] cyst : Cyst derived from theepitheliums of odontogenic tissue.

1.079 periapical [ radicular periodontal ]cyst : Cyst at the apex of a tooth with a non-vital pu/p.

1.080 dental implant: Device specially designedto be placed surgically within or on the mandibularor maxillary bone as a means of providingresistance and retention to displacement of adents/prosthesis.

It can be either transgingival ( with part of theimplant emerging from gingiva for directabutment ), or fully embedded under the gingiva( only aiming at the support of a removableprosthesis ).

1.081 transendodontic implant ortransradicularimplant: Rod specially designed and/or preparedto be inserted either through the root canal orthrough the root into the bone.

1.082 dental prosthesis: Any device or appliancereplacing one or more missing teeth and/or, ifrequired, associated structures. (This is a broadterm which includes abutment crowns andabutment inlays, on lays, bridges, dentures,obturators, gingival prostheses. )

1.083 tooth-borne prosthesis: Dents/prosthesisin which resistance to depression is providedentirely by the teeth or the implants on which itrests.

1.084 tissue-borne [ removable] prosthesis:Denta/prosthesis in which resistance to depressionis entirely provided by the mucosa and underlyingtissues.

4

1.085 tooth-borne/tissue-borne prosthesis :Derrta/prosthesis, usually removable, in whichresistance to depression is provided partly bythe teeth or the imp/ants on which it rests, andpart/y by the mucosa and underlying tissue.

1.086 fixed prosthesis : Non-removable toofh-borne dents/prosthesis which is solidly attachedto abutment teeth or roots or irnpkmts.

1.087 removable prosthesis: Dents/prosthesisdesigned to be removed and reinserted by thepatient.

1.088 combined prosthesis: Dents/prosthesisin which a removable denture is combined with

one or more fixed elements.

1.089 fixed/removable prosthesis: Combinedprosthesis, one or more parts of which are fixed,and the other(s) attached by devices which allowtheir detachment, removal and reinsertion by thedentist only.

1.090 anchorage: That area which by its situation,configuration and/or preparation is suitable forthe retention of a prosthesis or appliances.

1.091 prosthetic attachment: Part of a rernovab/eprosthesis which provides retention and/or stabilityby engaging an abutment.

1.092 precision attachment; precisionretainer : Interlocking device, one componentof which is fixed to an abutment or abutmentsand the other is integrated into a removableprosthesis in order to stabilize and/or retain it.

1.093 resilient attachment: Attachment designedto give a tooth-borne\tissue-borne prosthesissufficient mechanical play to withstand thevariations in the seating of the prosthesis dueto deformations of the mucosa and underlyingtissues, without placing excessive stress on theabutments.

1.094 stress breaker : That part of a tooth-borne\tissue-borne prosthesis designed to relievethe abutment teeth and their supporting tissuesfrom harmful stresses.

1.095 stress-breaking attachment: (Term self-explanatory ).

1.096 impression : Reproduction, in a negativeform, of an area of the oral cavity or mode/fromwhich positive reproductions may be made.

1.097 duplicating impression: Impression takenfor duplicating a mode/.

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.098 ( working) ( study ) model; cast/USA/:Dimensionally accurate reproduction, in a positiveform, of areas of the oral cavity.

1.099 working model: Model made of a suitablywear resistant material intended for indirect workprocedures.

1.100 unit die: Working n?ocfe/usually removablefrom the cast, made of a suitably hard and wear-resistant material and obtained from the impressionof one tooth or preparations in one tooth.

1.101 retention : Resistance to removal ordisplacement.

1.102 shoulder ( in a preparation ) : Bearingsurface, usually cervical or paracervical ( in a-preparation ) made with the aim of increasingthe support and/or thickness of a restoration.

1.103 . . . . . ( to have a path of insertion/removal ) :To have a form which permits insertionand removal without deformation, following apredetermined path of movement.

1.104 artificial crown : Restoration coveringor replacing the major part, or the whole of theclinical crown of a tooth.

1..105abutment crown : Artificial crown servingfor the retention or support of dents/ prosthesis.

1.1 06( root ) post: Rod designed to be insertedinto a prepared root canal as a means of retentionor reinforcement.

1.107 root post flange: Projecting ring on certainroot posts, that demarcates the coronal portionfrom the part intended to fit into the root canal.

1.108 post crown : Artificia/ crown which isretained wholly or in part by one or more integralroot posts.

1.109 dental bridge: Non-removable tooth-borneprosthesis, the vestibule-lingual dimension of whichshould not exceed that of the portion of the naturaldental arch it replaces.

1.110 span : Distance between supports.

1.111 bridge span: Portion of a bridge betweentwo abutment-elements.

1.112 beam: That part of a bridge span intendedto provide strength.

1.113continuous beam: Beam which is intendedto span three or more supporting abutments.

1.114 cantileverextension: Part of a fixedprosthesis that is supported at one end only,

5

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.115 casting: Object formed by the solidification 1.125 zone of sharp vision : That portion ofof a liquid which has been poured or injected the visua/ fie/d where maximum visua/ acuity isinto a mould. obtained when the eyes are directed towards the

1.116 articulator : Hinged instrument to whichmaxillary and mandibular casts or models maybe attached according to prerecorded intermaxillaryrelationship. It is designed to simulate all or partof the mandibular movements.

1.117 plain line articulator : Simple type ofarticulator which provides hinge-type movementsonly.

1.118 platinum wire: (Term self-explanatory).

task.

1.126 visual rest zone : Zone which non-selectively absorbs most of the incident lightrays and which occupies a solid angle equal atleast to the clear angle of vision allowed for inthe visual field, to enable the foveal cones torecover their properties.

NOTE — The purpose of introducing a visual rest zone isto provide.a visual field which allows those optical componentsof the eyes responsible for colour appreciation to recoverfrom previous colour contamination and, at the same time,

1.119 visual field [ of the eye(s) ] : Angularto conserve energy in the lighting of the dental office(surgery) by the satisfactory use of acceptable lighting

extent of the space in which an object can be levels.perceived when the head and eye (or eyes ) areat rest. The field may be monocular or binocular. i)

1.120 visual acuity; visual resolution

(1) Qualitatively

Capacity for seeing distinctly fine details thathave very small angular separation.

(2) Quantitatively

Any of a number of measures of spatialdiscrimination such as-the reciprocal of the valueof the angular separation in minutes of arc oftwo neighboring objects ( points or lines or otherspecified stimuli ) which the observer can justperceive to be separate. f)

1.121 accommodation : Physiologicallyautomatic adjustment of the dioptric power ofthe crystalline lens by which the image of anobject, at a given distance, is focused on theretina.

1.127 glare : Condition of vision in which thereis discomfort or a reduction in the ability to seesignificant objects, or both, due to an unsuitabledistribution or range of luminance or to extremecontrasts in space and time.l)

1.128 direct glare : G/are due to a luminousobject situated in the same or nearly the samedirection as the object viewed.1)

1.129 rndirect glare : G/are due to a luminousobject situated in a direction other than that ofthe object viewedl).

1:130 reflected glare: G/are produced by specularreflections originating from Iuminous’objects,particularly when the reflected images appearin the same or nearly the same direction as theobject viewed.

NOTES

1 Commonly this concept also includes other ill-effectssuch as deterioration of contrasts.

1.122 adjustment time : Time necessary for2 Such reflections are also called “veiling reflection”/Usw.1)

the visual organ to adjust to a new level ofillumination ( this time is longer for strong 1.131 disability glare : G/are which impairs

illumination/weak illumination than for weak vision without necessarily causing discomfort.

illumination/strong illumination ). 1.132 luminosity contrast : Subjective

1.123 peripheral zone of visual field : Portionassessment of the difference in appearance of

of surrounding space which is perceived borderingtwo parts of a field of view seen simultaneously

the zone of sharp vision, in which objects canor successively ( thence luminosity contrast

be perceived when the eyes are directed to thelightness contrast, colour contrast, simultaneous

task.contrast, successive contrast )l).

1.124 surrounding zone : Total space which1..133 clinical trial : Evaluation in human beingsof the preventive or therapeutic efficacy ancf/or

can be seen from the work position outside theperipheral zone when raising or turning the head.

safety of an agent or a method, by intragroup,intergroup, or intraperson comparison.

‘) Fourth issue of CIE Vocabulary. 1) Fourth issue of CIE Vocabulary.

6

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.134 restorative dentistry : Comprehensive 1.146 medicament, topical dental :term covering all dental procedures aimed at Pharmacological dental material specially preparedrestoring the dentate mouth to health, form and and/or presented to be applied on the tissues offunction. the oral cavity.

1.135 conservative dentistry; operative 1.147 health, dental public: That part of publicdentistry : That branch of restorative dentistry health that relates to dents/ hea/th.which is principally concerned with the restoration

of diseased or injured tooth structures to proper 1.148 project, dental health : Implementation

form and function while ~reserving the healthy and evaluation of planned activity dealing with

parts. the dents/ hea/th of a community.

1.136 dentisterie restauratrice [ This term is 1.149 programme, dental health “: Activity

kept in ISO 1942 and given in English only as planned to improve the dents/ hea/th of a

the following consensus definition 1: That part community.

of dentistry which is concerned with the treatment1.150 manpower, dental : Personnel qualified

and restoration of individual teeth.and available to provide dental services.

1.137 paedodontics; pediatric dentistry;pedodontics; pediatric dentistry/ USA/: That

1.151 occlusion : Any relationship of the teeth

branch of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis,in the mandible to the teeth in the maxila whenin contact.

prevention and treatment of oral and dentaldiseases and/or injuries, and the interception of 1.152 mulberrymolars : Developmental defectoral anomalies in children. affecting the first permanent molars, usually all

1.138 visible crown : That part of the anatomica/four in an individual, and characterized by an

crown which is accessible to visual examination.occlusal surface composed of an aggregate ofename/nodules.

1.139 dentalorgan : Tissue complex comprisingthe tooth and its supporting structures ( odontium,

1.153 odontogenesis hnpetiecta :“Generalized

periodontium, and alveolar bone).genetic disturbance in the formation of ename/and dentine.

1.140 fixed prosthesis : Non-removable1.154 macrodontia: Genetic condition resulting

prosthesis which is solidly attached to abutmentteeth or roots or implants.

in the formation of abnormally large teeth.

1.141duplicating impression: /repression taken1.155 macrodontia, relative : Dento-alveolar

for duplicating a mode/.disharmony where the size of the teeth is toolarge, relative to the dental arches, to permit

1.142 dentine; dentin/USAl: Tissue which forms their regular arrangement.

the bulk of the tooth, develops from the dentalpapilla and the dents/ pu/p, and in the mature

1.156 microdontia: Genetic condition resultingin the formation of abnormally small teeth.

state is mineralized.

1.143 dentistry, community : That branch of1.157 microdontia, relative : Dento-alveolar

dentistry concerned with oral health in relationdisharmony where the size of the teeth is too

to the general health of the community.small relative to the dental arches.

1.144 dentistry, preventive : Those aspects ofdentistry concerned with promoting good oral healthand function by preventing or reducing the onsetand/or development of oral diseases or deformitiesand the occurrence of oro-facial injuries.

1.145 medicament; drug/USA/: Any substanceor combination of substances intended to bepharmacologically active, specially prepared and/or presented to be prescribed by authorizedpersonnel to prevent or treat diseases in humansor animals.

1.158 carcinogen icity : Ability or tendency toproduce cancer.

1.159 cytotoxin : Toxin or antibody that has atoxic action upon specific cells.

1.160 cytotoxicity: Ability or tendency to producea toxic action upon specific cells.

1.161 biological testing : .Evalwation of a testmaterial for any effect on living organisms: thewhole being, its systems, tissues or celis, orother components and sub-components.

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IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.162 teratogen: Agent that induces or producesdefects in the developing embryo.

1.163 teratogenesis : Production of defects inthe developing embryo.

1.164 teratogenic :.Pertaining to, resulting from,or having the action of a teratogen.

1.165 teratogenicity : Ability or tendency toproduce defects in the developing embryo.

1.166 acute systemic toxicity test: Short-termbiological evaluation of any potential toxicity ofa test material when administered to an animalby any route.

1.167 median lethal dose ( acceptedabbreviation; L.D. 50 ) : Amount of a test materialwhich is lethal to 50% of an infinite populationof a test species.

1.168 L.D.”50 test: Acute toxicity test designedto assess the dosage of a test material requiredto produce 5094. mortality in the teSt SpeCieS.

1.169 pulp revitalization : Any action resultingin the necrosis of the dents/ pu/p.

1.170 pulp devitalizing agent : Topical dents/

pharmaco/ogica/ materia/, the intended functionof which is to produce the ( mediate ) necrosisof the pulpal tissues of the tooth in which it isplaced.

1.171 dentist/population ratio : Number ofpracticing dentists compared to the number ofpopulation.

1.172 population/ dentist index : Number of

population compared to one practicing dentist.

1.173 oral rehabilitation: Comprehensive dentaltreatment programme that can involve all branchesof dentistry, and is aimed at restoring oral health,function and aesthetics to the masticatorapparatus.

1.174 dental resources : Personnel, funds,materials and facilities available for the provisionof dental health services.

1.175 fixed/removable prosthesis : Combinedprosthesis, one or more parts of which are fixedand the others attached by devices which allowtheir detachment, removal and insertion by thedentist only.

1.176 dental technician : Dental auxiliarycompetent to perform dents/ /aboratory work, underthe prescription of the dentist.

1.177 cancer : Any of various malignantneoplasms that arise from the abnormal anduncontrolled division of cells, that then manifestinvasiveness and a tendency to metastasize tonew sites. ( WHO definition. )

1.178 Ames test: Test of mutagenicity in whicha strain of mutant Sa/mone//a typhimuriumcharacterized by its inability to synthesize histidineis submitted to a materiil to’be tested in a culturemedium not containing histidine. If some of”thebacteria recover the ability to synthesize histidine,and consequently form colonies, the tested materialis proved to have mutagenic properties. Starinsof other bacteria ( e.g. Escherichia co/i ) maybe used.

1,179 histidine mutation test : Biological testfor the mutagenic potential of a material byevaluating alkylation of protein residue ( e.g.histidine in hemoglobin ) in urine.

The Ames test ( 1.178) is an example of a histidinemutation test, based upon the induction of reversemutation of histidine dependent bacteria to theoriginal histidine independent type.

1.180 dominant lethal mutation: Genetic eventthat results in the death of the mutation carrier.

1.181articulating paper: Strip or sheet of suitablematerial coated with pigment and used for markingareas of contact between opposing teeth,restorations or appliances.

1.182 -baseplate:

(1) That part of a removable prosthesis ororthodontic appliance which fits to the mucosaand, as appropriate, holds in position the clasps,orthodontic springs, etc.

(2) Foundation on which an occlusal rim is builtor a trial denture set up.

1.183 orthodontic appliance: Appliance usedto carry out active or passive orthodontictreatment.

1.184 removable orthodontic appliance:Orthodontic appliance designed to be removedand reinserted by the patient after initial placingby the dentist.

1.185 fixed orthodontic.appliance: Orthodonticappliance designed to be placed and removedby the dentist only.

1.186 dentifrice: Any substance or combinationof substances specially prepared and/or presentedfor cleaning the accessible surfaces of teeth.

8

1.187 medicated dentifrice : Any dentifricecontaining or claimed to contain ingredients having

a beneficial, preventive or therapeutic action on

oral tissues.

1.188 medicinal dentifrice : Medicateddentifrice containing identified and closedpharmacologically active materials, the natureand concentration of which classify the productas a medicament.

1.189 toothpaste; dentifrice paste : Anydentifrice presented as a paste or any other semi-solid form.

1.190 dentifrice powder: Any dentifrice presentedin the form of a powder.

1.191 dentifrice soap; solid dentifrice : Anydentifrice presented in the form of a piece ofsolid material.

1.192 dentifrice liquid : Any dentifrice presentedin the form of a liquid.

1.193 biodegradation -: Process of decom-positions by biological activity.

1.194 biodegradable : That which can bedecomposed by biological activity.

1.195 bioacceptability : Quality of that whichis tolerable in a specific living environment, inspite of some adverse or unwanted side effects.

1.196 bioacceptable : That which exhibitsbioacceptability.

IS .7348( Part 1 ): 2003ISO 1942-1:1989

1.197 biocompatibility: Quality of being acceptedin a specific living environment without adverseor unwanted side effects.

1.198 biocompatible : That which exhibitsbiocompatibility.

1.199 -positive biocompatibility : Quality of abiocompatible substance or device toinduce adesired, beneficial response in a specific livingenvironment.

1.200 biopositive.: Ttiat which exhibits postitivebiocompatibi/ity.

1.201 biomaterial: Material specially preparedand/or presented to exhibit bioaccepfabi/itybiocompatibility or positive biocompatibility.

NOTE —The term has wide scope that should be mademore precise whenever possible by adjectives such as“rest orat ive”, “implantable”, “prosthetic”.

1.202 dental biomaterial: Biomateria/speciallyprepared and/or presented for use in clinicaldental procedures.

1.203 sterilization :

(1) Process of rendering unfit for production and/or reproduction.

(2) .Process of destroying all forms of microorganiclife, within a definite space.

1.204 disinfection : Process of destroyingpathogenic microorganisms.

1.205 decontamination : Removal ofcontaminants.

9

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

Alphabetical index

A

abutment crown ..... ..........1.105

accommodation .... . ....... . ...1.121

acute systemic toxicitytest ... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . .. ..l.l66

adjustment time ..... ...... . ...1.122

anatomical crown ........ . . ....l. O45

.anchorage ..... . . .. . . . . . .........l.O9O

anterior teeth ....... . . ...... . ....l.O43

Amestest ... . . . . . . . . ........ .. . ..l.l78

artkulating paper ...... . . .. . ....l.l8l

articulator ... ..116..... ....... . ..l.ll6

artificial crown . . ....... . . ......1.104

B

baseplate ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .........l.l82

beam ..... . . . . . . . . . .. . ........... ..l.ll2

bioacceptability ... . . ......... . ..l.l95

bioacceptabJe .. ... . . . ....... . . ..l.l96

biocompatibiiity ... . . ........ . . ..l.l97

biocompatible . ... . .. . ........ . ..l.l98

biodegradable . ... . ......... . . . ..l.l94

biodegradation .. .. . . . . ..........l.l93

biological testing .... . ...........l.l6l

biomaterial... . . . . . .. . . ........ ...1.201biopositive .......................1.200bridge span .....................1.111

c

cancer .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . ............l.l77

cantilever extension ..........l.ll4

cast ... . . . . . . . . .......... . . . . . . . ...1.098

casting .... .. . . .......... . . . . . . ...1.115

carcinogenicity ...................l.l58

circumpulpal dentine ..........l .056

clinical crown .... .. ........ . . ...l. O47

clinical trial ........................l.l33

combined prosthesis ........1.088

conservative dentistry ......1.135

continuing dental education 1.008

continuous beam ........ . . ....1.113

controlled clinical trial ........1.014

cyst ..................................l. o77

cytotoxicity .... . . . . . . . ......... ..l.l6O

cytotoxin ....... . . . . .. . . ........ . ..l.l59

dental education .... . .........1.003

dental equipment ..............1.034

dental expert ., . . . ......... . . . ..l.O22

dental floss .... . . .. .. . ...........1.041

dental group practice ..... ...1.011

dental identification .. .........1.024

dental implant ... . . . .. ..........1.080

dental instruments ..,..,, ....1.035

dental laboratory ......... . ...1.012

dental material ... . . ........ . ...1.028

dental office .... . .. . ......... . ...1.009

dental organ ...... . . ....l .. . . ...l.l39

dental pharmacologicalmaterials .... . .. . . . . .. . .. ..l.O38

dental product .... . ......... . ...1.036

dental prosthesis ........ . ....1.082

dental pulp .... . . . . .......... . ....1.061

dental resources .......... . .. ..l.l74

dental restorative material 1.031

dental surgery .... . .....009....1.009

dental technician ........... ...1.176

dentin/USA/ .... . . .. .......... . ..l.l42

dentine .....l . . . .. . . . .. . ..........l.l42

dentifrice ..... . . . . .. . .......... . ...l.l86

dentifrice liquid ............. .. ...l.l92

dentifrice paste .... . . . ..........l.l89

dentifrice powder, ........ . . ...l.l9O

dentifrice soap ........... . . .. ...l.l9l

dentist ... .. . . . . .. .. . ......... . ....1.002

dentist/population ratio .......1.171

dentisterie restauratrice, ....1.136

dentistry .... . . . . .. . . .. ...........1.001

dentistry, community .........l .143

dentistry, preventive ..........l.1 44

desmodontal ... . .. . .. ....... . ...1.076

desmodontium ..... .. . .........1.075

direct glare .... . . . . .. . . ..........l.l”28

direct pulp capping ,.., .......1.063

disability glare .... . . . ...........l.l3l

disinfection ..... . . . ......... . .. ...1.204

dominant lethal mutation ....1.180

duplicating impression ........l .141

E

endodonic materials .........1.033

endodontics .... . . . .. . . ..........1.021

endodontium; pulpodentinalorgan ..... .. . .. . . . . . . .. ...l. O5O

DF

decontamination .. ....... . . . ...l.2O5

dental anesthetics ..........1.039

dental biomaterial .. . . . .........l.2O2

dental bridge ., ... ....... . . . . . ..l.l O9

dental device ....................l.O37

dental duplicating material.. ..1.032

filling .... . .. . .. . . . . .. . .............1.027filling material .. . . . .. . ...........1.029

fixed orthodonticappliance ..... . . . .. . ..... ..l.l85

fixed prosthesis .... . ...... . ...1.140

fixed/removableprosthesis., .. . ............ 1.175

focal infection of dental

origin .... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ......1.068

forensic dentistry ..... ........1.023

forensic dental expert .... ...1.025

G

glare .... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..........l.l27

graduate dental education.1 .005

H

health, dental public ...........l .147

histidine mutation test ........l .179

I

impression .... . . . . . . . ........ . ..l.O96

indirect-glare ., .. . ....... . . ....1.129

indirect pulp capping ...... ...1.062

intratubular dentine ............l .055

L

L.D.50test ... . . ........ . . . .. . . ..l.l68

Iuminousity contrast .........1.132

M

macrodontia .... . . . . .. . ..........1.154

macrodontia, relative ...... . ..l .155

manpower, dental ........... . ..l.l5O

mantle dentine .... . ............1.053

median lethal dose . ......... ..l.l67

medicament .... . . . . ........... . ..l.l45

medicament, topical dental ..1.146

medicated dentifric .......... ..l .187

medicinal dentifric . ... . ........l.l88

microdontia .... . . .. ......... . . . ..l.l56

microdontia, relative,., ........l ,157

model (working or study) ..1.098

mouthwash .....................1.040mulberry molars................l.l52

occlusion ... . . .. . . . . ......... . . . ..l.l5l

odontium ..... . . . . . . ..............1.049

odontogenesis imperfects ..1.153

odontogenic[developmental],

[primordial] cyst .........1.078

oral rehabilitation ........... . . ..l.l73

orthodentine,.., . . . . . ......... ..l.O52

orthodontic appliance ........l .183

orthodontics .... . . . . ......... . ..l. Ol5

10

P

pediatric dentistry ........ . ..l .13i’paedodontics ...................l.l37pediatric dentistry/USA/ ....1.137pedodontics.....................l.l37pedodontics/USA/.............l.O20periapical (radicular

periodontal) cyst ........l .079periodontal ........l . ............l.o7Operiodontia ......................l.ol6periodontium ....................l.o69periodontics ....................1.016periodontitis ....................l.074periodontolysis ., ..............l.o72periodontopathy ...............l.o7lperiodontosis ...................1.o7’3peripheral zone of visual

field.........................1.123peritubular dentine ............1.054plain line articulator ...........1.117platinum wire ....................l.llepopulation/dentist index .....1.172positive biocompatibility .,.,1.199predestine .....................1.060primary dentine .,, ............l.O57Programme,dental health ..1.149project, dental health..,., .....l .148prosthetic attachment .......1.091prosthetic dentistry. ..........1.026prosthoclontics .................l.o26pulp amputation ................l.o&5pulp, dental ......................l.o6lpulp revitalization .............l.l69

Precision attachment ........1.092precision retainer .............1.092POStCrOWn......................l.l08POSt(rOOt)......................l.l O6

pulp devitalizing agent.......l .li’opulpectomy ....................l.o66puipitis ............................l.o64pulpotomy .......................l.o65posterior teeth .................1.o44postgraduate dental

education..................l._oo6

R

reflected glare .... . . . . .........1.13o

removable prosthesis .... ...1.087

removable orthodonticappliance ..... .. . . . ........l.l84

resilient attachment ..........1.093retention .... . . . .. . . .. . ............l.lol

restoration ..... . . .. . . ....... . ...l.O3O

restorative dentistry .........1.134

rOOt canal enlargement .....1.067

root post flange ........ . .. . ..l.lt)7

IS 7348( Part 1 ) :2003ISO 1942-1:1989

teratogenesis ...................l.l63teratogenic......................l.l64teratogenicity ...................l.l65tertiary dentine ..............1.059tooth ..............................l.o@tooth-borneprosthes is...... 1.083tooth-borne (removable)

prosthesis ................l.o84tooth-borneltissue-borne

prosthesis .................l.O85toothpaste.......................l.l89transendodonitic implant ...1.081transradicular implant .......1.081

u

undergraduate dentaleducation .... . .. . . . . .. . ....1.004

unitdie .... . . . . .. . .......... . . . . ...l.lc)o

vs

secondary dentine ,...,, .. ...1.058

shoulder (in a preparation) 1.102

solid dentifrice, ... . . . . ...........l.lgl

span. .... .. . . . . . .. . .. ........ . . .. . .1.110specialist graduate dental

education ...................l.007stress breaker ................l.O94stress-breaking

attachment ...............1.095sterilization......................l.zossurrounding zone .............l.lzo

T

teratogen ...... . . .. . ........ . . .. ..l.l62

visible crown ..... ....... . ......1.138visual acuity .... . . . . ....... .. . ..l.l2r)

visual field [of the eye(s)] ...1.119

visual resolution ......... .. ....1.120

visual rest zone ......... .......l.l26

vital pulp extirpation ..........1.066

w

working model ... . . ........ . ...1.099working space of the

dentist ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ..l.olo

z

zone of sharp vision ,. .... ...1.125

11

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