isbn-13: 978–962–8077–98–4 isbn-10: 962–8077–98–820 subject matter knowledge...
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© 2006
ISBN-13: 978–962–8077–98–4ISBN-10: 962–8077–98–8
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1
2 0 0 2 9
20 80 Shulmanpedagogical content knowledge
contextpedagogical content knowing
collaboration/participationsca f fo ld ing / r e f l ec t i on
enactment 90school
improvement
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2
teaching capacity
20 80 Shulman 1986pedagogical content knowledge
pedagogy subject-matter knowledge
missing paradigmShulman
90 school improvement
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32000 12
1999 9
1999–2002 2002 91990
2003 1–1
cognitive dissonance Prawat, 1992
2002
knowledgebase
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4 subject departmentcollaboration
teacher education
Sawyer, 2002
1.2.3.
sample school55 11
27 54 2
Band III
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5
2003
2001 2003
1 2
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62000
2002
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7
14 68
1 201–5 5–10 10–20 4 20
2
Band I
c o n t e n tknowledge
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9
to chooseto supplement
merchandiser
R o t h ,Anderson, & Smith, 1987
Grossman, Wilson, & Shulman, 1989
1999
Grossman et al., 1989
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10
15
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11
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13
A
BB
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14
A
A
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15
15
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transformation
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managerial administrationcommunication
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18
1502003 14 2003
20042004–2005
postgraduate program on subject knowledge
2004
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19
20 80 Shulman 1986Shulman 1987
12 3
45
67
90
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20
subject matter knowledgepedagogical knowledge
Shulman 1986,1 9 8 7
genera lpedagogy
amalgaman integrated understanding Cochran, DeRuiter,
& King, 1993
Grossman et al., 1989 20Dewey, 1902/1976
staticlist of competencies
contextspecific context
general educational contextCarlsen, 1999
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21
Daehler & Shinohara, 2001
experienced teachers
conceptual/content knowledge
substantive knowledge/Subject matterstructure
Gess-Newsome, 1999; Grossman et al., 1989factual information
organizing principlescentral concepts
relationship among conceptsbeliefs about subject matter
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22
dynamic
idiosyncratic changeable
Gudmundsdott ir ,1987 f lu id , f lexib le
Buchmann, 1984 continualCochran et al. 1993 Shulman
knowledgeknowing
knowing process
Kwakman, 2003
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23
Morine-Dershimer & Kent 1999 Grossman 1989
pedagogical reasoning
process modelGudmundsdottir, 1991
Grossman, 1989 Magnusson, Krajcik, & Borko1999
meaningful contextsituating learning experiences
1. actual classroom situation2. participation3.
scaffolded as they take on the challenge4. col labora t ion ref lec t ion
enactment
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24
Magnusson et al. 1999
collaboration/participation scaffolding/reflection enactment
Poulson & Avramidis 2002agents
cri t ical fr iend mentortrusted colleague
cognitiveemotion
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25d i s c u s s i o n c h a l l e n g ePerry, Komesaroff, & Kavanagh, 2002
Magnusson et al. 1999
Magnusson et al. 1999
Poulson & Avramidis 2002
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Hargreaves, 2002
1999
2003
200312
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282004
15
2003
2003
Buchmann, M. (1984). The flight away from content in teachereducation and teaching. In J. Raths & L. Katz (Eds.), Advancesin teacher education (Vol. 1, pp. 29–48). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Carlsen, W. (1999). Domains of teacher knowledge. In J. Gess-Newsome & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Examining pedagogicalcontent knowledge: The construct and its implications forscience education (pp. 133–144). Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Cochran, K. F., DeRuiter, J. A., & King, R. A. (1993). Pedagogicalcontent knowing: An integrative model for teacher preparation.Journal of Teacher Education, 44(4), 263–272.
Daehler, K. R., & Shinohara, M. (2001). A complete circuit is acomplete circle: Exploring the potential of case materials andmethods to develop teachers’ content knowledge andpedagogical content knowledge of science. Research inScience Education, 31(2), 267–288.
Dewey, J. (1976). The child and the curriculum. In J. A. Boydston(Ed.), John Dewey: The middle works, 1899–1924, Vol. 2:1902–1903 (pp. 273–291). Carbondale, IL: Southern IllinoisUniversity Press. (Original work published 1902)
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29Gess-Newsome, J. (1999). Secondary teachers’ knowledge and
beliefs about subject matter and their impact on instruction.In J. Gess-Newsome & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Examiningpedagogical content knowledge: The construct and itsimplications for science education (pp. 51–94). Dordrecht,the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Grossman, P. L. (1989). Learning to teach without teacher education.Teachers College Record, 91(2), 191–208.
Grossman, P. L., Wilson, S. M., & Shulman, L. S. (1989). Teachers ofsubstance: Subject matter knowledge for teaching. In M. C.Reynolds (Ed.), Knowledge base for the beginning teacher(pp. 23–36). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Gudmundsdottir, S. (1987). Pedagogical content knowledge:Teachers’ ways of knowing. Paper presented at the annualmeeting of the American Educational Research Association,Washington, DC. (ERIC Document Reproduction ServiceNo. ED290701)
Gudmundsdottir, S. (1991). Pedagogical model of subject matter.In J. Brophy (Ed.), Advances in research on teaching (Vol. 2,pp. 265–304). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Hargreaves, A. (2002). Teaching and betrayal. Teachers andTeaching: Theory and Practice, 8(3–4), 393–407.
Kwakman, K. (2003). Factors affecting teachers’ participation inprofessional learning activities. Teacher and TeacherEducation, 19(2), 149–170.
Magnusson, S., Krajcik, J., & Borko, H. (1999). Nature, sources anddevelopment of pedagogical content knowledge for scienceteaching. In J. Gess-Newsome & N. G. Lederman (Eds.),Examining pedagogical content knowledge: The constructand its implications for science education (pp. 95–132).Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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30Morine-Dershimer, G., & Kent, T. (1999). The complex nature and
sources of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge. In J. Gess-Newsome & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Examining pedagogicalcontent knowledge: The construct and its implications forscience education (pp. 21–50). Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Perry, C., Komesaroff, L., & Kavanagh, M. (2002). Providing spacefor teacher renewal: The role of the facilitator in school-university partnerships. Asia-Pacific Journal of TeacherEducation, 30(3), 243–257.
Poulson, L., & Avramidis, E. (2002). Pathways and possibilities inprofessional development: Case studies of effective teachersof literacy. British Educational Research Journal, 29(4),543–560.
Prawat, R. (1992). Teachers’ belief about teaching and learning:A constructivist perspective. American Journal of Education,100(3), 354–395.
Roth, K. J., Anderson, C. W., & Smith, E. L. (1987). Curriculummaterials, teacher talk and student learning: Case studies infifth grade science teaching. Journal of Curriculum Studies,19(6), 527–548.
Sawyer, R. D. (2002). Situating teacher development: The view fromtwo teachers’ perspectives. International Journal ofEducational Research, 37(8), 733–753.
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growthin teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations ofthe new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22.
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31Leadership Role of Panel Chair in the
Implementation of the Newly Revised SecondaryChinese Language Curriculum: The Enhancement of
Professional Knowledge and Collaboration
TONG Choi-Wai & LUI Pan
Abstract
The Newly Revised Secondary Chinese Language Curriculumof Hong Kong was implemented in September 2002. There weresignificant changes in terms of the concept of design and theselection of learning materials. The injection of new ideas in majorissues, such as the principles behind teaching, demanded thecorresponding enhancement in teachers’ professional capacity. Asa subject panel chair, the steering and implementation of thecurriculum reform, the upgrading of fellow teachers’ knowledgeand skills, as well as the shift of the teachers’ attitude towardcurriculum and teaching are crucial to both the development andthe realization of the new curriculum at school level.
Shulman was the first scholar to bring up the concept ofpedagogical content knowledge in the 1980s. He viewed thatteachers’ professional building should not be confined to any onekind of knowledge, but an amalgamation of all the essentials. Sucha capacity building could not be undertaken by an individual alonebut required collaboration/participation among colleagues, and theenactment by the management. In the 1990s, teachers’ effectivenesshas been further viewed from the perspectives outside the individual.
This article analyzes the operation of a Chinese LanguagePanel in a local secondary school, and explore, in the process ofimplementation of the newly revised curriculum, the states of theteachers’ professional knowledge and collaboration, as well as thework of the panel chair in enhancing teachers’ professionalknowledge and promotion of collaboration within the panel.