isd in distance education
TRANSCRIPT
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Instructional Systems Design in
Distance Education
Goal: This lesson will discuss Instructional Systems Design as it
relates to distance education.
Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, learners will be able to:
1 - Identify the five phases of instructional systems design (ISD)
2 - Identify the three areas being examined in the analysis phase
3 - Explain the term critical content4 - List the three elements of a performance objective
5 - Explain the purpose for evaluation instruments
Presented by Professor Michael UttendorferNYIT Center for Teaching and Learning with Technology
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What is Instructional
Systems Design?
A Definition
An instructional systems design (ISD) approach to
the preparation of training can be describedbroadly as the systematicprocess of planning
instructional systems so that the appropriate
resources can be developed, evaluated, andmodified until they demonstrably enable trainees to
attain desired instructional goals and objectives.
(Glenn E. Snelbecker, 1985)
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Processes in the ISD Cycle
Analyze
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
Remember:
A.D.D.I.E.
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Phases of the Instructional
System Design
Phase I - Analysis
Needs analysis to identify goals Learner analysis to identify entry level
behaviors
Instructional analysis to identify thecritical content
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Phase I - Analysis
Needs analysis to identify goals Identify course instructional goals
Classify goals into one of four domains:
intellectual skill
verbal information
psychomotor skill attitude
Goals
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
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Phase I - Analysis
Learner analysis
Identify learner characteristics
Identify entry level behaviorsCan they send anemail with an
attachment?
Welcome to
Distance Ed.
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Phase I - Analysis
Instructional analysis
Conduct subordinate skills analysis Identify the critical content*
Write learning outcomes
*especially important in distance education
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Phases of the Instructional
System Design
Phase II - Design
Write performance objectives Develop assessment instruments
Develop instructional strategy
Select appropriate media
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Phase II - Design
Writing performance objectives
The three requirements of a good objective:
1 - Specify conditions
2 - Identify specific behaviors using action verbs
3 - Quantify specific levels of performance
For example:
Using a protractor, the student will measure an angle within 2 degrees
at least 90% of the time.
(Fenrich, 1997)
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Phase II - Design
Develop assessment instruments that:
are based on the actual content
provide true measure of student learning
match the type of behavioral objective
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Phase II - Design
Four components of an instructionalstrategy include:
pre-instructional activities
information presentation
student participation with feedback
follow-through activities
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
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Phase II - Design
Media selection must be based on:
Nature of the learner
Nature of the learning material
Learning domain
Available resources
(Reynolds & Anderson, 1992)
Nature
of
Content
Information Instruction
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Phases of the Instructional
System Design
Phase III - Development
Select instructional materials and/or Develop instructional materials
Select media to deliver instruction
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Phases of the Instructional
System Design
Phase IV - Implementation
Implement, test and revise a prototype Make course resources available
Distribute to students
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Phases of the Instructional
System Design
Phase V - Evaluation
Conduct formative evaluations Revise instruction as needed
Conduct summative evaluations
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Phase V - Evaluation
Conduct formative evaluations
Gather data that can be used to makethe instruction more effective usually in
three phases:
one-to-one or clinical evaluation small-group evaluation with target population
field trial with larger group
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
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Phase V - Evaluation
Revise instruction as needed
Based on the formative evaluation youmay need to revise and retest the
instructional material
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Phase V - Evaluation
Conduct summative evaluations
Collect and analyze data to verify theeffectiveness of the instructional
materials with the target population
usually in two phases: Expert judgment phase
Field trial phase
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
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Remember Its a Cycle
Analyze
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
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References
Dick, W. & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction,
Fourth Edition. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Fenrich, P. (1997). Practical Guidelines for Creating Instructional
Multimedia Applications. Orlando, Florida: The Dryden Press.
Reynolds, A. & Anderson, R. (1992). Selecting and Developing Media
for Instruction. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Snelbecker, G.E. (1985).Learning Theory, Instructional Theory andPsychological Design. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.