ISHIKAWA’S BASIC SEVEN TOOLS OF

QUALITY

Merve Gündüz – 2017800265

Process Map

▪ Graphic representation of a process

▪ introduced by Frank Gilbreth to members of ASME in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts—First Steps in Finding the One Best Way”

▪ Main purpose is to assist organizations in becoming more effective.

▪ Converts the inputs, steps, functions, and outflows of a process to morefully understand how the process works.

▪ International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interactions impact Quality Management

Major Steps in Process Map

1. Process identification - identify objectives, scope, players and work areas.

2. Information gathering - gather process facts (what, who, where, when) from the people who do the work.

3. Process Mapping - convert facts into a process map.

4. Analysis - work through the map, challenging each step (what-why?, who-why?, where-why?, when-why?, how-why?)

5. Develop/Install New Methods - eliminate unnecessary work, combine steps, rearrange steps, add new steps where necessary

6. Manage process - maintain process map in library, review routinely, and monitor process for changes

Process mapping is capable of supporting several important business goals:

▪ Business process improvement

▪ Training

▪ Process / workflow clarification

▪ Regulatory compliance

▪ Internal audit

▪ Role clarity (RACI)

Process Map

Process

AlternateProcess

Decision

Input/Output

DocumentStart/Stop

Inspection

Delay

PredefinedProcess

Storage

MultipleDocument

Preparation

Manuel Operation

Manuel Input

Flow Line

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7g8vWv11Vk&t=188s

Cause and Effect Diagram

▪ Also known as Fishbone Diagrams, Ishikawa Diagrams, HerringboneDiagrams, and Fishikawa Diagrams

▪ Devised by professor Kaoru Ishikawa, a pioneer of quality management, in the 1960s. The technique was then published in his 1990 book, "Introduction to Quality Control."

▪ Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem. It can be used to structure a brainstorming session. It immediately sorts ideas into useful categories.

How to Use the Tool?

▪ Step 1: Identify the Problem

▪ Step 2: Work Out the Major Factors Involved

▪ Step 3: Identify Possible Causes

▪ Step 4: Analyze Your Diagram

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlK-putpPAM&t=52s

What is Check Sheet?

▪ Check sheet is an easy to use form used to collect required data systematically and in simplest manner.

▪ Check sheet is a format used as an aid in assembling, compiling andanalyzing data.

▪ The purpose of the check sheet is to make it easy to collect data forspecific purposes and to present it in a way that facilitates conversionfrom data to useful information.

When to Use Check Sheets?

▪ When the data can be observed and collected repeatedly by eitherthe same person or the same location.

▪ When collecting data on frequengy and identifying patterns of events, problems, defects, and defect location, and for identifyingdefect causes.

▪ When data is to be recorded manually.

▪ When the recording involves counting, classifying, checking orlocating.

▪ When it is useful to chech each measurement.

▪ When it is useful to see the distribution of measures.

Advantages of Check Sheets

▪ Effective way of displaying data

▪ Easy to use

▪ Can identify the root cause of a problem

▪ First step in the construction of other graphical tools.

▪ Provides a structure for uniform data collection

▪ Can be used to substantiate or refute allegations.

Types of Check Sheets

▪ Production process distribution check sheets

▪ Defective item check sheets

▪ Defect location check sheets.

▪ Defect cause check sheets

▪ Check-up confirmation check sheets

Defect Cause Check Sheet Example

Defective Item Check Sheet