is/iso 20474-3 (2008): earth moving machinery - safety ...earth-moving machinery within its scope...

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IS/ISO 20474-3 (2008): Earth Moving Machinery - Safety,Part 3: Requirements for Loaders [MED 7: Material HandlingSystems and Equipment]

© BIS 2013

January 2013 Price Group 5

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

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Indian Standard

EARTH-MOVING MACHINERY—SAFETY

PART 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADERS

ICS 53.100

IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Material Handling Systems and Equipment Sectional Committee, MED 07

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 3) which is identical with ISO 20474-3 : 2008 ‘Earth-moving machinery —Safety — Part 3: Requirements for loaders’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Material HandlingSystems and Equipment Sectional Committee and approval of the Mechanical Engineering DivisionCouncil.

This standard is published in various parts. Other parts in this series are:

Part 1 General requirements

Part 2 Requirements for tractor-dozers

Part 4 Requirements for backhoe-loaders

Part 5 Requirements for hydraulic excavators

Part 6 Requirements for dumpers

Part 7 Requirements for scrapers

Part 8 Requirements for graders

Part 9 Requirements for pipelayers

Part 10 Requirements for trenchers

Part 11 Requirements for earth and landfill compactors

Part 12 Requirements for cable excavators

Part 13 Requirements for rollers

Part 14 Information on national and regional provisions [Technical specification] (India’s specificrequirement are to be included)

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attentionis particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear, referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards the current practiceis to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which IndianStandards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their respectiveplaces are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 2867 : 2006 Earth-movingmachinery — Access systems

ISO 3457 : 2003 Earth-movingmachinery — Guards — Definitionsand requirements

ISO 6165 : 2006 Earth-movingmachinery — Basic types —Identi f icat ion and terms anddefinitions

IS/ISO 2867 : 2006 Earth-movingmachinery — Access systems

IS/ISO 3457 : 2003 Earth-movingmachinery — Guards — Definitionsand requirements

IS/ISO 6165 : 2006 Earth-movingmachinery — Basic types —Identi f icat ion and terms anddefinitions

Identical

do

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(Continued on third cover)

1 Scope

This part of ISO 20474 gives the safety requirements specific to loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to earth-moving machine families, and with ISO/TS 20474-14, which gives information on provisions that are mandatory in particular countries or regions. The specific requirements given in this part of ISO 20474 take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1.

This part of ISO 20474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its Scope when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see also ISO/TS 20474-14). It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems

ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements

ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components

ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions

ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls

ISO 7131, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders — Terminology and commercial specifications

ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load

ISO 14397-2, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height

ISO 20474-1:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements

Indian Standard

EARTH-MOVING MACHINERY—SAFETY

PART 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADERS

IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

1

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1 and ISO 7131, and the following apply.

3.1 loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having front-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading operation (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine

NOTE 1 A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material.

NOTE 2 Derivated machinery: loaders can also be used for derivated applications (see ISO 20474-1:2008, 3.1.2).

3.2 compact loader loader with an operating mass as defined in ISO 6016 of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in confined spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability

3.3 skid steer loader loader normally having an operator station between attachment-supporting structures and steered by using variation of speed and/or direction of rotation between traction drives on opposite sides of a machine with fixed axles or with tracks

3.4 swing loader loader having a swing-type lift arm with a swinging angle to the left and right from a straight position

NOTE A swing loader work cycle is normally similar to a loader cycle except that, additionally, work can be done offset of the machine track.

3.5 hydraulic lift capacity maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in horizontal position limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-2

4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures

4.1 General

Loaders shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in as far as those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause.

4.2 Loaders with front access

The access system of loaders with front access shall be in accordance with ISO 2867.

4.3 Operator's seat

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.4 Rear windows

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.3.2.7 and 4.3.2.9 for the rear window(s) shall apply, with the exception that no motorized wiper(s) and washers are required for loaders with a cab width u 750 mm, measured outside of the cab to the height of the SIP (seat index point).

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IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008


4.5 Protection

4.5.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)

ISO 20474-1, 4.3.3, shall apply.


4.5.2 Falling object protective structures (FOPS)


4.5.3 Fenders

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.14.7, is not applicable to compact loaders with front access.

4.5.4 Operator's controls and indicators

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.5, shall apply, with the following addition for compact loaders with front access.

Controls for lifting and lowering the loader linkage, machine movement and hydraulically controlled attachments (e.g. multi-purpose bucket) shall be either automatically mechanically secured (e.g. by a safety bar) or automatically deactivated when the operator leaves/enters the operator's compartment.

4.5.5 Guarding for loaders with front access

Loaders shall be fitted with side protection that prevents the operator from reaching the trapping parts between the side arms and fixed parts of the machine when the operator is seated in the operator's position. Opening in the guards shall comply with ISO 3457. For the lower limbs, guards are required within the zone of reach as specified in ISO 6682 and shall have a minimum height of 200 mm from the floor plate.

4.5.6 Restraint systems for machines with front access


4.6 Stability

4.6.1 General requirements

For mandatory national and regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.6.2 Bucket application


4.6.3 Fork application


4.6.4 Log handling application


IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

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4.6.5 Single heavy object (non-palletized, single heavy object) application

4.6.5.1 General

The rated operating capacity is based on the use of a single heavy object handling device (for a non-palletized load), determined using the criteria given in 4.6.5.2 to 4.6.5.4.

4.6.5.2 Rated load — Transport mode

The tipping load shall be determined in accordance with ISO 14397-1, except for the stability factor as stated in ISO 14397-1:2007, 5.1, with the block handling attachment (e.g. stone fork) in a fully roll-back-and-carry position:

⎯ the rated load capacity as given in Table 1 is valid only for speeds u 10 km/h; ⎯ the rated load according to this mode, as a percentage of the tipping load, shall not exceed the applicable

value specified in Table 1 when operating on a flat, hard surface.

Table 1 — Stability factors in single heavy object handling in transport mode

Rated load capacity as a percentage of tipping load Ground condition

Wheeled loaders Crawler loaders

Firm and level ground 80 60

4.6.5.3 Hydraulic lift capacity

It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all the relevant hydraulic circuits involved.

4.6.5.4 Rated operating capacity

The rated operating capacity shall be determined either by

⎯ the rated load according to 4.6.5.2, or ⎯ the hydraulic lift capacity as specified in 4.6.5.3, whichever is the lesser of the two.

4.6.5.5 Handling attachment

The centre of gravity distance, D, of the attachment is shown in Figure 1.

For indicating the rated operating load for a single heavy object handling attachment, a transversal square cross-section of the load should be considered.

The specifications in Table 2 should preferably be selected.

4.6.6 Object handling application


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IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Key

D distance, mm (see Table 2)

F load, N

G centre of gravity

Figure 1 — Load centre distance with fork arms

Table 2 — Load centre distance

Load, F

N

Distance, D

mm

F u 100 000 600

100 000 < F u 200 000 900 F > 200 000 1 200

4.6.7 Other applications

The rated load of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the load specification given in 4.6.2 to 4.6.6, considering the comparable hazard.

5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures

ISO 20474-1:2008, Clause 5, shall apply.

6 Information for use

ISO 20474-1:2008, Clause 6, shall apply with the following additions to the operator's manual (6.2):

The manufacturer shall provide information on the rated operating capacity as well as the corresponding operating conditions:

⎯ the bucket application according to 4.6.2; ⎯ the fork application according to 4.6.3. For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

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Annex A (informative)

Illustrations

NOTE Wheeled loader with an operating mass greater than 4 500 kg.

Figure A.1 — Wheeled loader

NOTE Wheeled loader with an operating mass u 4 500 kg, designed to work in confined spaces and with a need for

greater manoeuvrability.

Figure A.2 — Compact wheeled loader

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IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Figure A.3 — Skid steer loader

Figure A.4 — Crawler loader

IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

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NOTE Crawler or wheeled loader with an optional attachment that does not change the safety requirement of the base machine but modifies the application for use.

Figure A.5 — Wheeled loader with fork arms

NOTE Crawler or wheeled loader with an optional attachment that does not change the safety requirement of the

base machine but modifies the application for use.

Figure A.6 — Wheeled loader with grapple

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IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Bibliography

[1] ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing

[2] ISO 3164, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluations of protective structures — Specifications for deflecting-limiting volume

[3] ISO 3449, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements

[4] ISO 7096, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration

[5] ISO 7546, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings

[6] ISO 8643, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device — Requirements and tests

[7] ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology

[8] ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles

IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

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(Continued from second cover)

The technical committee has reviewed the provisions of the following International Standards referredin this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with thisstandard:

International Standard Title

ISO 6016 : 2008 Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of wholemachines, their equipment and components

ISO 14397-1 : 2007 Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1:Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifyingcalculated tipping load

ISO 14397-2 : 2007 Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Testmethod for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum liftheight

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, thefinal value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number ofsignificant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valuein this standard.

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 6682 : 1986 Earth-movingmachinery — Zones of comfort andreach for controls

ISO 7131 : 1997 Earth-movingmachinery — Loaders —Terminology and commercialspecifications

ISO 20474-1 : 2008 Earth-movingmachinery — Safety — Part 1:General requirements

IS 11252 : 1993 Earth-movingmachinery — Zones of comfort andreach for controls (first revision)

IS/ISO 7131 : 1997 Earth-movingmachinery — Loaders —Terminology and commercialspecifications

IS/ISO 20474-1 : 2008 Earth-movingmachinery — Safety: Part 1 Generalrequirements

Identical

do

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