Slide 1

Islam I.Islam as a religion II.Islam as an empire III.Spread of Islam as a universal religion IDs: hadith, sharia, Sufis, Abbasid Caliphate, 749-945

Slide 2

Argument Although the universal religions spread in similar ways, they had different relationships with empires. Christianity took over an empire (Rome); Buddhism spread in spite of an empire (Tang China); and Islam created an empire.

Slide 3

I. Islam as a Religion A.Origin Allah Muhammad Prophet

Slide 4

B. Texts 1. Quran (Koran, Quran) Orally: 610-632 Written Down: 650

Slide 5

2. Hadith Traditions (stories & sayings) Oral transmission: 632- 850 Written down: 850-900

Slide 6

C. Islam in Theory & Practice 1. Theology Five Pillars Hajj Ramadan Mecca

Slide 7

2. Law: Sharia a.Quran b.Hadith c.Reasoning by analogy (jurists) d.Consensus of community Qadis Ulama

Slide 8

3. Mysticism: Sufis Meditation Poetry Music dance

Slide 9

Slide 10

II. Islam as an Empire

Slide 11

A. Muslim Arab Conquests, 622-733 Conquered Persian Empire & southern part of Byzantine Empire

Slide 12

Policies towards Conquered people Tolerance for People of the Book (Jews & Christians)

Slide 13

B. Political Organization Caliph successor to the Prophet Caliphate Muslim/Islamic empire

Slide 14

Two Caliphates Umayyad Caliphate (661-749) capital: Damascus Arab Abbasid Caliphate (749- 945) capital: Baghdad Muslim (Persian)

Slide 15

After 900, lots of Muslim states in Islamic world.

Slide 16

D. Multiethnic Empire Arab Persian Turk

Slide 17

E. Factors promoting Unity Even after the Muslim world was no longer governed in one big caliphate, certain factors unified Muslims despite their different ethnic groups and states Arabic language hajj support for merchants

Slide 18

Muslim rulers supported cities, merchants, education and technology The Muslim world was connected by a web of cities Pilgrims, Sufis, and qadis (legal scholars) carried knowledge throughout Muslim world

Slide 19

Support for Schools & Research preserved & combined Greek, Persian & Indian knowledge then built on it

Slide 20

III. Spread of Islam 622-732: by conquest & empire 732-onwards: by trade and missionary journeys

Slide 21

III. Spread of Islam A.Sub-Saharan Africa Merchants Ghana Mali Swahili Coast

Slide 22

A. Trade & Religion: Islam in Africa Gold-Salt Trade: Empires of Ghana, Mali & Songhay

Slide 23

B. Islam in SE Asia

Slide 24

C. Islam in South Asia: Conquest & Trade 712: Sind (n.w. India) by Arab-Persian Muslims 700-1000: Conversion of Turks from Central Asia to Islam Turks conquer parts of North India

Slide 25