israel mandarin variety breeding – nir carmi
TRANSCRIPT
Origin of citrus
Breeding in the past
Seedling were the main source for the cultivars today.
Spontaneous mutations on branches were used to select new cultivars.
Present breedingThe current breeding projects are based on crossing and Selection:
1.Crossing selecion
and inducing mutation for seedlessness.
2.Crossing for seedless triploids.
ARO Citrus Breeding Program
A. New flavors and colors
B. Easy peeling
C. Early and Late Ripening Seasons
D. Seedlessness
C. High yield and low alternate bearing- more then 30 tons per hectare
E. Long shelf life
F. Pests resistance
G. Dwarfing
INDUCING MUTATIONS
SEEDLESS
A technique used to thoroughly extract seeds
Before (with seeds): After (seedles):
Breeding in the future
Developing molecular markers for important traits such as: ripening season, alternaria, seedlessness,
etc. The selection will start at the net house by sampling DNA from the seedling following by PCR.
Developing biotechnology approaches for transforming genes of important traits into citrus
cultivars.
Current projects
A. Developing molecular markers for parents identification and alternaria resistance.
B. Transformation of genes for drought resistance.
Germinating in the dark in sterile condition
Infecting with agrobacterium
Grafting the trasformants
Growing in transgenic greenhouse
Expression of reporting gene in the stomata
Ripening Season - September-November Total soluble solids (TSS): 14.9% Acid content: 1.02% TSS/acid ratio: 14.55 alternaria: resistant
Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield
KEDEM
Rishonit
RIPENING SEASON - OCTOBER-DECEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 16.3% ACID CONTENT: 1.0% TSS/ACID RATIO: 16.3alternaria: resistant
Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield
Ripening Season – January-February Total soluble solids (TSS): 15.6%
Acid content: 1% TSS/acid ratio: 15.6 alternaria: resistant
ORIT
Advantages: - Seedless- Late ripening - Easy peeling - High yield
Admoni Ripening Season – September - October
Total soluble solids (TSS): 13.27% Acid content: 1.6% TSS/acid ratio: 8.3
Advantages: - Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield
RIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 13.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 12.3alternaria: resistant
Advantages: - Seedless- Early ripening - Easy peeling - High yield--Dwarf Tree
Tami
DityRIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.57% TSS/ACID RATIO: 8.15alternaria: susceptible
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield
MeiravRIPENING SEASON: DECEMBER-JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 17.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.34% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13alternaria: susceptible
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield-Long Shelf-life
Ripening Season: December-January Total soluble solids (tss):15.5%
Acid content:1.1% TSS/acid ratio: 14.09
NECTAR
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield-Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.27% ACID CONTENT: 1.54% TSS/ACID RATIO: 9.26alternaria: resistant
YIFAT
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.1% ACID CONTENT: 2.24% TSS/ACID RATIO: 6.3alternaria: susceptible
WINOLA
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY- MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 18.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.67alternaria: resistant
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RONIT
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY- FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.96% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.62alternaria: resistant
ODEM
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13.16 alternaria: resistant
SIGAL
DANIT
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCHTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.28% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.56alternaria: resistant
MOR- SEEDLESS MURCOTT
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-MARCHTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.54alternaria: susceptible
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-APRILTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14% ACID CONTENT: 0.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 20alternaria: resistant
ORRI
Ripening Season: October-December Total soluble solids (TSS): 12.5%
Acid content: 0.52 TSS/acid ratio: 24
FLAMINGO
Advantages: - Seedless-High lycopene - High yield--Long Shelf-life
Aliza
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.64% TSS/ACID RATIO: 23.43
EINAT
Advantages: - Seedless-High lycopene - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.1% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11
Ayelet-Seedless Villafranca Lemon
RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUNDTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT: 9.6% TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.73
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
Galya-Seedless Urica Lemon
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUNDTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT:9.8%TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.71
1
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARYTOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):12.4% ACID CONTENT:1.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 7.3
2
Advantages:
- Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8alternaria: resistant
3
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.8% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.4alternaria: resistant
4
Advantages:- Low seeds- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.3% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13
5
Advantages: - Seedless- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.8% ACID CONTENT:1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.8alternaria: resistant
6
Advantages: - low Seeds- Easy peeling - High yield--Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.9% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8alternaria: resistant