ISS4 0036-8075

g 1 March 1985Volume 227, No. 4690

7, .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

lETTERSCriminaity and Adoption: L. J. Kamin; L. E. Moses; S. A. AMednick,W. F. Gabrielli, Jr., B. Hutchings; Jumping Frog Genes: B. Macdonald.

DITORRAL Science Policy and Tight Budgets: E. Bloch ..................

ARTICLE Exotic Nuclei and Their Decay: J. C. Hardy..................Muscle Contraction and Free Energy Transduction in Biologcal S-ystems:

E. Eisenberg and T. L. Hill.......................

Key Problems in Science and Technology in Thiad .Yuthavong et al....

NEWS AND COMMENT

~REARON NEm$

IBOOK -wi

The Vexing Problems of Vaccine Compensation...............................A Closer Look at the iaio........................................

Brefing: Scienists Object to Loss of NSF Ethics Protram; Comings and Goings;Coilege Curricula in Disarray, Study Says; Scientsts at tWhite House ....

OMB Raid on NIH Budget Called ""Outrageous"..............................Commission Proposes Science Department ...................................

Is Bioenergy Stalled?.......................................................

Obesity Declared a Disease .................................................Fish to Bacterium Gene Transfer .................-

First Neutrons from Rutherford Lab's SNS ...................................

Cosmic Cube Goes Commercial .............................................

Scientits, Society, and State, reviewed y D. B. Paul; Paul Ehrlich, T. Lenoir;MFagnetic Oscllations in Metals, R. RePfenberger; Poceedings of theWVcksboi>p on Laboratory and Observation Infrared Spectra of InterstellarDust, J. L. Pipher; Hominid Evolifion and Conununity Ecology,L. G. Straus; Books Received...........................................

983

991

993

999

1007

10121013

1014

1016

1017

1018

1019

1020

1021

1024

1025

Indian-Atlantic Transfer of Thermocline Water at the Agulhas Retroflection:

A. L. Gordon..........................................................Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds Released to Seawater from Temperate

Marine M. Gschwend, J. K. MacFarlane, K. A. Newman

Evidence for Exposure to HLV-II in Uganda Before 1973:

W. C. Saxinger et al. ..................................................

Location of the c-yes Gene on the Human Chromosome and Its Expression inVarious Tissues: K. Semba et al. .......................................

Antigenic and Genetic Prties of Viuses Linked to Hemorrhagic Fever withRenal Syndrome: C. S. SchmaUohn et al. ................................

Gene for a-Chain of Human T-Cell Receptor: Location on Chromosome 14Region Involved in T-Cell Neoplasms: C. M. Croce et al. .................

Atriopeptin-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Brain: Presence in Cardiovascular

Regulatory Areas: C. B. Saper et al. ....................................

Distribution of Enkephalin Imimunreactivity in Germinative Cells of DevelopingRat Cerebellum:I.LS. Zagon, R. E. Rhodes, P. J. McLaughlin .............

Electrical Sources in Human Sonatosensory Cortex: Identification by Combined

Magnetic and Potential Recordings: C. C. Wood et al. ....................

Limits of Neurogenesis in Primates: P. Rakic .................................

Ecological Character Displacement in Darwin's Finches: D. Schluter,T. D. Price, P. R. Grant ..................-

Regulation of Extravascular Coagulation by Microvascular Permeability:H. F. Dvorak et al. ...................................................

Genetic Consequences of Mate Choice: A Quantitative Genetic Method forTesting Sexual Selection Theory: C. R. B. Boake..........................

Technical Comments: Visual Flow and Direction of Locomotion: H. F. Priest

and J. E. Cutting; C. C. Torrey; D. Regan; On the Mwathematical Structureof the Visuotopic Mapping of Macaque Striae Cortex: E. Schwartz;R. B. H. Tootell et al. ...............-

sUEETUo CzGordon Research Conferences: A. M. Cruickshu

1030

1036~

1038

10341

104.

1048

1056

1061.

1063

ankr ............n................ .:1067

Lake Sunapee, New Hamsir,vicin-ity in which Gordon ReserhConferences will take place ~ mrOf 195See page 1067 for dtails abouit thecconferences. [Photo courtesy of theState of New Hampshirej

C,

1 March 1985, Volume 227, Number 4690

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR Scie]THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Science serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- Budtion and discussion of important issues related to the moneyadvancement of science, including the presentation ofminority or conflicting points of view, rather than by priorit.publishing only material on which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Sci- Foundence-including editorials, news and comment, and Thisbook reviews-are signed and reflect the individualviews of the authors and not official points of view faces tadopted by the AAAS or the institutions with which theauthors are affiliated. our re

Editorial Board whate'PHILIP W. ANDERSON, DAVID BALTIMORE, ANSLEY ability

J. COALE, JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN, LEON KNOPOFF,SEYMOUR LIPSET, WALTER MASSEY, OLIVER E. NEL- ThisSON, ALLEN NEWELL, RUTH PATRICK, VERA C. RUBIN, sciencHowARD E. SIMMONS, SOLOMON H. SNYDER, ROBERTM. SOLOW most C

Publisher: WILLIAM D. CAREY neerinEditor: DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR. respor

Deputy Editor for Engineering and Applied Sciences: WePHILIP H. ABELSONDeputy Editor for Physical Sciences: JOHN I. allocal

BRAUMANDeputy Editor for Social Sciences: GARDNER LINDZEY engne

Editorial Staand pManaging Editor: PATRICIA A. MORGAN markeAssistant Managing Editors: NANCY J. HARTNAGEL, nolog)JOHN E. RINGLEProduction Editor: ELLEN E. MURPHY InfrNews Editor: BARBARA J. CULLITONNews and Comment: COLIN NORMAN (deputy editor), availal

CONSTANCE HOLDEN, ELIOT MARSHALL, R. JEFFREY sciencSMITH, MARJORIE SUN, JOHN WALSHEuropean Correspondent: DAVID DICKSON orderlResearch News: ROGER LEWIN (deputy editor), RICH-

ARD A. KERR, GINA KOLATA, JEAN L. MARX, THOMAS milliorH. MAUGH II, ARTHUR L. ROBINSON, M. MITCHELL fundsWALDROPAdministrative Assistant, News: SCHERRAINE MACK; We

Editorial Assistant, News: FANNIE GROOMSenior Editors: ELEANORE BUTZ, RUTH KULSTAD, total c

MARY PRESCOTTAssociate Editors: MARTHA COLLINS SYLVIA EBERH- establi

ART, CAITILIN GORDON, WILLIAM GREAVES, BARBARAJASNY, STEPHEN KEPPLE, EDITH MEYERS, LOIS researSCHMITTrutwAssistant Editor: LISA MCCULLOUGH but wiBook Reviews: KATHERINE LIVINGSTON, Editor; LIN- Fin;

DA HEISERMAN, JANET KEGGLetters Editor: CHRISTINE GILBERT sis onProduction: JOHN BAKER, HOLLY BISHOP, ELEANOR

WARNER; ISABELLA BOULDIN, JEAN ROCKWOOD, maJOrSHARON RYAN, BEVERLY SHIELDS enviro

Covers, Reprints, and Permissions: GRAYCE FINGER,Editor; GERALDINE CRUMP, CORRINE HARRIS substa

Guide to Scientific Instruments: RICHARD G. SOMMER TheAdministrative Assistant: WILLIAM CARTEREDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massa- them

chusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Tele-phone: 202-467-4400. For "Information for Contribu- attracltors" see page xi, Science, 21 December 1984. In a

Business Staff diffChief Business Officer: WILLIAM M. MILLER III ereBusiness Manager: HANS NUSSBAUM betweAssistant to the Chief Business Officer: ROSE Low-

ERY gramsMembership Recruitment: GWENDOLYN HUDDLE sciencMember and Subscription Records: ANN RAGLAND

WeAdvertising Representatives

Director: EARL J. SCHERAGO in theProduction Manager: DONNA RIVERAAdvertising Sales Manager: RICHARD L. CHARLES COnt1nMarketing Manager: HERBERT L. BURKLUND 73 PerSales: SCOTCH PLAINS, N.J. 07076: C. Richard Callis,

12 Unami Lane (201-889-4873); CHICAGO, ILL. 60611: EcoJack Ryan, Room 2107, 919 N. Michigan Ave. (312-337-4973); BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF. 90211: Winn Nance, 111 majorN. La Cienega Blvd. (213-657-2772); SAN JOSE, CALIF. streng95112: Bob Brindley, 310 S. 16 St. (408-998-4690);DORSET, VT. 05251: Fred W. Dieffenbach, Kent Hill Rd. resout(802-867-5581).ADVERTISING CORRESPONDENCE: Tenth floor, times,

1515 Broadway, New York 10036 (212-730-1050). RX 1

SCIE:NCE

nce Policy and Tight BudgetsIgets are easy to develop when major increases are possible. Wheny is tight the choices are harder, and the results reveal more aboutties. How was the fiscal year 1986 budget for the National Sciencelation developed, and what does it say?s budget reflects a particular world view: essentially that the nationtough economic competition and that our competitors are challenging!search preeminence in important fields. In response we must do'ver is necessary to maintain-and, where possible, to improve-theof our universities to do basic research in the most important areas.

s world view and NSF's general responsibility for the health of basic:e and engineering led us to three major priorities: (i) programs that aredirectly related to economic competitiveness, (ii) science and engi-ig infrastructure, and (iii) disciplines for which NSF has a specialnsibility.are seeking a substantial increase for engineering, which will be,ted $170 million, up 13 percent. Much of this will be concentrated intering research centers, which will contribute directly to the researchiersonnel base that American industry needs to compete in worldts. For similar reasons, we also seek significant increases in biotech-y, earth sciences, and advanced materials research.*astructure is the people, equipment, and instrumentation that areble for research. The people are by far the most important, so in,e and engineering education we are emphasizing stability and thely rebuilding of quality programs. The budget is constant at $82n. Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows supported on researchwill rise 4 percent to more than 14,000.will continue major support for equipment and instrumentation: aof $271 million, up 13 percent. We will also continue the priorityLished in 1984 to provide access to supercomputers for academicrchers. In 1986 this will take almost $46 million, a 12 percent increase,ill provide opportunities to study entirely new classes of problems.ally, we are providing strong support for basic research, with empha-disciplines for which NSF has special responsibility because it is thesource of federal support. This category includes core mathematics,)nmental biology, and social and economic sciences. All these receiveantial increases.se increases will require decreases elsewhere. We have proposedin areas no longer quite so timely or productive, or which shouldI other support. These occur throughout NSF.iddition to the quantitative changes, some things will be qualitativelysnt in 1986. We are continuing a strong effort to increase cooperationen universities and industry. This is especially true in several pro-;: engineering research centers, presidential young investigators, andwe and engineering education.are also emphasizing large-scale coordinated research a bit more thanpast, although 70 percent of the funds in the research directorates williue to go to individual investigators; this compares with an average ofrcent in recent years.inomic competitiveness, cooperation, and infrastructure are thus thethemes for NSF in 1986. In addressing them we continue to

gthen our research universities, which are ultimately our greatestrce in science and engineering. These are the right priorities for these, and we can do well by them even with an austere budget.-ERICHH, Director, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550