Volume-216, No. 4547

LETTERS Equivalent Megatons: C. E. Thomas, R.,J. Smith-; Reactor Decommissioning:-C. C. Bunwell and A. M. Weinberg; Nonrandom Bubbles: C. F. Bohren;Animals in the Laboratory: D. M. Bowden; Cost of New Journals:J. E. Heath ......6 ...82.

EDITORIAL Scientific Instrumentation: W. A. Fowler and D. C. Shapero ..... ............... 87

ARTICLE Probing the Structure of the Deep Continental Crust: J. Oliver,.689, .... 6

Neuronal Cell Thy-I Glycoprotein: Homology with Ifnolobuin:A. F. Williams and J. Gagnon.... 896

Intellectual Prope~ty: The C ontrol of Scientific Information: D. Nelkin.04.

@YMMET The Sehate'&sPlaan for Nuclear Waste .709

Natio:nal Academy of Sciences Elects New Members ...... 710

NIH Developing Policy on Mfisconduct .711...Frnce Readies New Research Law ......... 712

Slave -Labor on Campus: The Unpaid Postdoc . 714*Briefing: NAS Calls for Arms Talks; USDA Retreats on Gy -pMoth Front;

Edwards Defends Budget Cuts at DOE; Peace Academy Gaiain4MonentumGAO Points Up Milita ryUse of Shuttle . ...............- . 71B6

uRMCN Biology Is Not Postage Stamp Collecting. 71

Gene Famiy Controls a Snail's Egg Laying. 720

Exploring Plant Resistance to Insects ...............................7-...m22Cancer Cell Genes Linked to Viral onc Cells .724 724

a REvIEws Conceptions of Ether, reviewed by K. L. Caneva; The Ammonites, P. D. Ward;Foundations of Northeast Archaeology, B. J. Bourque; Comparative ColorVision, G. S. Wasserman; Books Received............. . . . .. . 725

Microscale Patchiness of Nutrients in Plankton Communities: J. T. Lehman andD. Scavia ......

NOW -.

NrA

am0

Residual Calcium Ions Depress Activation of Calcium-Dependent Current:R. Eckert and D. Ewald ......... ........................................ 730

Aircraft Monitoring of Surface Carbon Dioxide Exchange: R. L. Desjardins et al. 733

Autoradiographic Evidence for a Calcitonin Receptor on Testicular Leydig Cells:A. B. Chausmer, M. D. Stevens, C. Severn ...... ......................... 735

Secretion of Newly Taken-Up Ascorbic Acid by Adrenomedullary ChromaffinCells: A. J. Daniels et al. ............................................... 737

The Human Genes for S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase and AdenosineDeaminase Are Syntenic on Chromosome 20: M. S. Hershfield andU. Francke ............................................................. 739

Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis Coupled to K+ Influx in Mitochondria:K. W. Kinnally and H. Tedeschi .......................................... 742

Cellular Mechanism of Neuronal Synchronization in Epilepsy: R. D. Traub andR. K. S. Wong .............. ........................................... 245

New Dopaminergic and Indoleamine-Accumulating Cells in the Growth Zone ofGoldfish Retinas After Neurotoxic Destruction: K. Negishi, T. Teranishi,S. Kato ................................................................ 747

Identification of the Constant Chromosome Regions Involved in HumanHematologic Malignant Disease: J. D. Rowley ...... ....................... 749

Suppression of Reflex Postural Tonus: A Role of Peripheral Inhibition in Insects:S. N. Zill and D. T. Moran .......... .................................... 751

Is Sperm Cheap? Limited Male Fertility and Female Choice in the Lemon Tetra(Pisces, Characidae): K. Nakatsuru and D. L. Kramer ...................... 753

Interdigitation of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Columnar Projections to FrontalAssociation Cortex in Primates: P. S. Goldman-Rakic and M. L. Schwartz ... 755

Lipofuscin: Resolution of Discrepant Fluorescence Data: G. E. Eldred et al . ..... 757

Early Chronic Low-Level Methylmercury Poisoning in Monkeys Impairs SpatialVision: D. C. Rice and S. G. Gilbert ...................................... 759

Technical Comments: Global Carbon Monoxide Fluxes: InappropriateMeasurement Procedures: W. Seiler and R. Conrad; G. W. Bartholomew andM. Alexander ........................................................... 761

PRODUCTS AND Calorimeter; Hybridoma Screening Kits; Cell-Specific Lymphokine; SampleMATERIALS Processor for Liquid Scintillation Counting; Aquatic Environment Monitor;

Microcomputer and Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analyzer; ProteinSequencing Solvents; Plotter; Literature .............................. 766

COVER

Flying at 50 meters per second, low-flying aircraft are equipped with recent-ly developed analytical sensors whichmake possible an accurate and rapidestimate of crop growth, health, andultimate yield over large areas. Calcu-lations are based on the measurementof carbon dioxide and vertical windspeed at 10 to 30 meters above the

grow ing crop. See page 733. [R esearch

Program Service, Research Branch,Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontanio,Canada]

14 May 1982, Volume 216, Number 4547

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SCIENCE:

ientific Instrumentationior to 1965, owing to generous support, university research laboratorieswell equipped. But with the growing pressure on available funds thatn at that time, a pattern of postponing equipment purchases emerged.1970, a problem was widely recognized: university scientists wereking with obsolescent equipment.National Research Council report commissioned by the Nationalnce Board in the early 1970's gave the cost of updating the laboratories;200 million at that time. With the inflation of the ensuing decade,pounded by the growing complexity and sophistication of instrumenta-that figure has grown to a conservatively estimated $1 billion.

t a recent meeting of an ad hoc Working Group on Scientific Instrumen-)n convened by the National Research Council, one participant ob-ed: "The problem of instrumentation in our research universities haslications for the whole country.... [W]e are educating a generation ofntists who, when they leave the university, suffer the disadvantages thatiy people from less developed countries feel when they come to work inchnologically advanced country. This hurts us in a broad range of ourvities, both in the defense establishment and in our industrial establish-it.' He went on to point out that existing scientific and engineeringipower in the universities has outstripped the dollars available foripment.ut it would not be realistic to try to solve the problem solely by a largesion of federal funds. The Working Group therefore turned its attentionrays of promoting more effective use of existing resources. A number ofers of corporate research laboratories participating in the group outlinedprocedures for ensuring a balance between manpower and capitalnditures. This stimulated a reassessment by academic participants oftutional arrangements that promote similar rational planning in thelemic environment, such as organizing experimental scientists in closelyd areas into research groups with block funding.he Working Group recommended that several tutorial workshops benized on a regional level under the auspices of the National Researchncil. These workshops would have two objectives: (i) to achieve a morenced emphasis on provision of modern research instrumentation bysing the policies, mechanisms, and procedures of research support,agement, and financing, and (ii) to reduce the current deficit of modernarch equipment. Efforts in this direction will be more productive if thearch-producing system shows determination to use its resources more-tively. The work of the Interagency Task Force on Instrumentation ledhe National Science Foundation, highlighted by the $30-million initia-from the Department of Defense, was enthusiastically supported.ertheless, whatever improvements are accomplished in the manage-it of research, there will still be a substantial backlog of need that canbe addressed by the federal government.he overall purpose of the workshops, then, would be to inform the,ersity community (researchers, administrators, and trustees) of newroaches to providing and using instrumentation. An exchange of practi--xperience would be sought, with the hope that the universities couldond to the problem with new initiatives and practices. The regionalkshops would form the basis for preparing a policy statement and a callction that could provide some stability for a decade or longer.ur country's scientific enterprise is a unique combination of individualsi universities, industrial research laboratories, and government researchtratories. The meeting adjourned with a clear sense that discussionstng these three elements of the U.S. scientific enterprise could work tomutual benefit of all three sectors in the solution of this fundamentallem in experimental science.-WILLIAM A. FOWLER and DONALD C.PERO, Office ofPhysical Sciences, National Research Council, Wash-on, D.C. 20418