ISSN 0036-8075

30 April 1982Volume 216, No. 4545

LETTERS Soviet Nuclear Capabilities: G. Rathjens; "Ghost Dumps": E. K. Silbergeld andJ. Highland; AAAS Radiation Session: R. Alvarez; Columbia JournalismReview: Editorial Policy: S. Klaw; Omitted Reference: G. L. Brownell et al.

EDITORIAL National Engineering Action Conference: E. E. David, Jr. .....................

ARTICLES The Sun's Influence on the Earth's Atmosphere and Interplanetary Space:J. V. Evans ............................................................

The Anatomy of A-, B-, and Z-DNA: R. E. Dickerson et al. ...................

Steel Recycling and Energy Conservation: B. Hannon and J. R. Brodrick ........

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Carter's Plan for MX Lives On...............................................

A Legacy of Technical Problems .............................................

Binary Nerve Gas Production Plans Debated ..................................

The Politics of Lead.........................................................

Briefing: NRC Reports on Ginna Nuclear Plant Accident; Scrap NSF, Slash NIH,Conservatives Urge; GAO Ignores Flaw in Concept of Space War; Trial Setfor Louisiana's Creationist Law ..........................................

Nairobi Laboratory Fights More Than Disease................................

Portraits of a Parasite .......................................................

Perfect Shuffles and Their Relation to Math ...................................

Neuroscientists Look for Theories...........................................

The Scientific Basis of Health and Safety Regulation, reviewed by S. G. Hadden;The Ecology of a Salt Marsh, I. Valiela; Vertebrate Locomotion,J. L. Edwards; Glutamate, K. Krnjevic; Books Received ...................

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508

REPORTS Radionuclides in Mono Lake, California: H. J. Simpson et al. ..... ............. 512

Elevated Concentrations of Actinides in Mono Lake: R. F. Anderson,M. P. Baconi, P. G. Brewer .514

Deep Advective Transport of Lithogenic Particles in Panama Basin:S. Honjo, D. W. Spencer, J. W. Farrington .516

Endemic Pleural Disease Associated with Exposure to Mixed Fibrous Dust inTurkey. A. N. Robl et al. 518

Accumulation of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Foliage: E. H. Buckley... 520

Expression of Treponiemza pallidum Antigens in Escherichia coli:A. M. Walfield, P. A. Haniff, M. A. Lovet .522

Myoglobin Function in Exercising Skeletal Muscle: R. P. Cole .523

Sodium Transport Inhibition by Amiloride Reduces Basolateral MembranePotassium Conductance in Tight Epithelia: C. W. Davis and A. L. Finn . 525

A New Tumor-Promoting Agent, Dihydroteleocidin B, Markedly EnhancesChemically Induced Malignant Cell Transformation: T. Hirakawva et al. . 527

The Molecules That Initiate Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Not Species-Specific:G. L. Hamnmond, Y.-K. Lai, C. L. Markert .529

Relaxation of Isolated Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells by Vasoactive IntestinalPeptide: K. N. Bitar and G. M. Makhloif .531

Current Speed and Filtration Rate Link Caddisfly Phylogeny aind DistributionalPatterns on a Stream Gradient: D. N. Alstad .533

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Lisuride: Differentiation of TheirNeuropharmacological Actions: F. J. White and J. B. Appel .535

Electric Pulse-Induced Fusion of 3T3 Cells in Monulayer Culture:J. Teissie et al. 537

Computer-Generated Schematic Diagrams of Protein Structures:A. M. Lesk and K. D. Hardman ....................................... 539

Transfer of Fermentative Microbes Between Generations in a HerbivorousLizard: K. Troyer .540

Autoantibodies to Insulin Receptor Spontaneously Develop as Anti-ldiotypes inMice Immunized with Insulin: Y. Shechter et al. 542

Calcium lonophore Polarizes Ooplasmic Segregation in Ascidian Eggs:W. R. Jeffery .... 545

On

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30 April 1982, Volume 216, Number 4545

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SCIENCE:

tonal Engineering Action Conferencee time for action to deal with the precarious state of engineeringation in the United States has come. With that conviction, some 50brsity presidents, chief executive officers of major corporations, headsgineering societies, government leaders, and members of their staffsd the snows of the great spring blizzard of 1982 to attend the Nationalneering Action Conference (NEAC) in New York on 7 April.ese leaders did not come as representatives of individual institutions,ts representatives of more than 20 key national associations directlyerned with engineering education. They knew that the economicgth and security of the United States depend critically on the quality ofraining received by the cohort of young engineers who will entertry and government in the coming years. And they recognized that ifnt trends continue-with more than 1600 engineering faculty positionsvacant and deteriorating engineering laboratories on campus-theseg men and women will not receive the education that they want, thatdeserve, and that the times require.e conference participants issued a "call to action," advocating initia-appropriate to local circumstances and institutions. They also pro-d a "suggested action agenda" and "action examples" illustrating theda, which they are taking back to their organizations for consideration.few organizations have already taken some of the actions described indocuments. A chief goal of the conference was to inspire others tojoino preserve and increase the momentum of efforts already under way.estions in the action agenda include:r higher education: Increase incentives, rewards, and recognition forrgraduate teaching of engineers. Set engineering faculty compensationlevel that realistically reflects the market for such talent in industry.tr industry: Provide direct financial support to U.S. resident master'sdoctoral candidates in the form of traineeships, scholarships, andds. Create opportunities for junior faculty to increase their incomegh consulting, summer employment, tutorials, and grants.r academic and professional societies: Expand scholarship and fellow-aid to engineering doctoral students and make direct grants to theDls.. Encourage the memberships of these societies to make financialibutions in support of engineering education and, where possible, takentage of corporate matching grant programs.r state and federal government: Encourage reexamination of policies,:ially at the state level, which may preclude making the pay ofleering faculty and the educational environment competitive. Encour-Dngineering doctoral study by providing additional fellowships andaid under the aegis of the National Science Foundation, the missioncies, and other government organizations.hile NEAC will have no organizational afterlife, the American Society,ngineering Education, through its offices in Washington, D.C., willnue its recently inaugurated program to act as a clearinghouse formation on the engineering faculty crisis. We who attended the confer-have pledged our efforts to find and apply the remedies. We urge our

agues to join with us. In the words of Massachusetts Institute ofnology president Paul Gray, who conceived NEAC and asked me toit, "The nation must begin now to make stronger efforts . . . to avoide substantial declines in either the quantity or quality of engineeringLates on which so much of our future national well-being must

nd."-E. E. DAVID, JR., President, Exxon Research and Engineeringpany, Florham Park, New Jersey 07932