ISSUES IN CROSS – BORDER POWER

DELIVERY AND INFRASRUCTURE

Engr. A. S. A. BADA

Executive Director (System

Operation), TCN

CROSS – BORDER POWER DELIVERY

OBJECTIVES:

• To facilitate the export of power from countries with comparative advantage of energy resources to those with less advantage.

• Promotion of Regional Market (Optimization of resources use).

• To facilitate Economic Development and Social Integration in the sprit of ECOWAS protocols.

WEST AFRICA EXAMPLE:

Historical perspective

�In 1982, ECOWAS Heads of States and Government by Decision A/DEC.3/5/82 adopted a regional energy policy;

�In 1999, ECOWAS Heads of States and Government, by Decision A/DEC.5/12/99 established a regional electricity

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Decision A/DEC.5/12/99 established a regional electricity market, the West African Power Pool (WAPP) and mandated Energy Ministers and the Chief Executive of Utilities to develop the Pool;

�In 2000, Energy Ministers signed a Memorandum of Understanding (WAPP MOU) on defining terms and conditions of the implementation of the Master Plan;

Historical Perspective �In 2001, Electricity Utility Companies signed a Memorandum of

Understanding in which they agree to co-operate fully with the ECOWAS Secretariat for the implementation of the WAPP;

�In 2001, ECOWAS Heads of State and Government adopt Decision A/DEC.8/12/01 relating to the financing mechanism to implement the WAPP priority projects;

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implement the WAPP priority projects;

�In 2003, ECOWAS Heads of States and Governments:

�adopted the ECOWAS Energy Protocol by Decision A/DEC.17/01/03;

�created the ECOWAS Energy Observatory by Decision A/DEC.2/01/03;

Historical Perspective

�In 2006, ECOWAS Heads of State and Government adopted

Decision A/DEC. 18/01/06 relating to the Articles of Agreement

for the establishment and functioning of the West African Power

Pool.

�In 2006, ECOWAS Heads of State and Government adopted

Decision A/DEC. 20/01/06 granting the status of “Specialised

Institution of ECOWAS” to the West African Power Pool.

HIGH VOLTAGE CROSS – BORDER POWER

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

� In the year 1972, Nigeria signed an interconnection agreement with

Niger Republic for the supply of electricity to begin cross border

trading at the following voltage levels;

�132kv between Birnin Kebbi and Niamey

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�132kv between Birnin Kebbi and Niamey

�132kV between Katsina to Gazoua and Maradi

�33kV between Birnin Kebbi to Gaya (Niger Republic) and

Malanville ( Benin Republic)

�33kV between Maiduguri to Diffa.

� WAPP Interconnection and power trades between Nigeria,

Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire by a 330 kV coastal

corridor;

�In the year, 1997, PHCN (then NEPA) entered into an

interconnection agreement with Communate Electrique du interconnection agreement with Communate Electrique du

Benin (CEB) for the supply of power to Benin/Togo with the

construction of 330kV line from Ikeja-West (Nigeria) to

Sakete (Benin Republic)

�Commercial operations commenced in the year 2007 with

the supply of 75MW of electricity from Ikeja-West to Sakete

and Lome (Togo republic).

� WAPP had also proposed the North Core 330kV interconnection project which was agreed upon between Nigeria, Niger, Benin/Togo and Burkino Faso on 29th

June, 2004. Thereafter, a feasibility studies was carried out in 2008 and recently reviewed in Niamey;

� This involves the construction of a 330kV DC line from Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria ) – Niamey (Niger) –from Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria ) – Niamey (Niger) –Bembereke (Benin) – Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

� The member utilities of the four countries funded the studies which is expected to be handed over to WAPP for Donor- Funding and execution of the project.

� The West Coast Interconnection project is to extend the 330kV Ikeja west – Sakete line thereby linking Benin - Togo with Ghana and Cote D’ Ivoire by the end of 2011

�WAPP intends to consolidate and develop Côte d’Ivoire as a hub, linking Burkina Faso and Mali.

�Cote D’Ivoire will also be linked to Guinea, Guinea-�Cote D’Ivoire will also be linked to Guinea, Guinea-

Bissau, Gambia and Senegal with new hydro projects at

Kaléta and Sambangalou.

� Finally by the year 2020, WAPP is to consolidate the

development of 2nd generation link from Cote D’ Ivoire to

Sierra Leone.

WAPP: POWER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

OMVS

OMVS

NIGERMALI

Interconnections in service

Interconnections in service 2004-11Possible future interconnections by 2020

OMVS

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OMVS

NIGERIA

BENIN

TOGO

SENEGAL

THE

GAMBIA

GUINEA

BISSAU

LIBERIA

GUINEA

GHANA

BURKINA

FASO

SIERRA

LEONECÔTE

D’IVOIRE

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OTHER RELATED ISSUES

�Operation, Planning And Standards;

�WAPP in conjunction with member utilities are responsible for proper planning as it affects the interconnections.

�Technical issues such as frequency and voltage control are still factors responsible for a non -unified grid structure for the countries so far connected.

�Maintenance of standards is a key issue which WAPP is monitoring for the interconnected utilities.

�Grid codes for the member utilities to be enforced with WAPP responsibility to ensure safe operations of the interconnections.

� Commercial/Technical Issues:

� A joint technical/commercial committee between PHCN and

other utilities meet regularly to sort out interconnection and

financial matters.

� Nigeria tries to maintain steady supply to the interconnected

counties in line with the agreements signed even under system

emergencies.

� The utilities of the interconnected countries have been very

prompt in the settlement of their financial obligations to PHCN

with regards to the energy consumed.

� So far there is no disputes between the member countries on

all issues of interconnection.

� Human Capacity / Communication;

� Issues affecting operations are indirectly connected to

comunications problems caused by both human and equipment

factorsfactors

� There is need for effective communication by addressing the

language barriers between operators at the border points.

WAY OUT

1. Formation of coordinating centre as in WAPP to address

some of the issues identified.

2. Development of Planning and Operational Criteria, code

and standards for uniform adoption by all interconnected

utilities.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION