IstanbulIstanbul1313-14th September, 2007-14th September, 2007

Marios A.Adamides Marios A.Adamides

Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Health Inspection Service Dep. Of AgricultureDep. Of AgricultureMin. of Agriculture Cyprus Min. of Agriculture Cyprus

Workshop on Pesticide IndicatorsWorkshop on Pesticide Indicators

Workshop on Pesticide IndicatorsWorkshop on Pesticide Indicators

IstanbulIstanbul1313-14th September, 2007-14th September, 2007

Marios A.Adamides Marios A.Adamides

Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Health Inspection Service Dep. Of AgricultureDep. Of AgricultureMin. of Agriculture Cyprus Min. of Agriculture Cyprus

SummarySummary

General Information oGeneral Information onn Cyprus Agriculture Cyprus Agriculture

Planning of the projectPlanning of the project

Problems during the projectProblems during the project

Update of the ProgressUpdate of the Progress

General information of General information of Cyprus AgricultureCyprus Agriculture

Total area of the Island 9,251 sq kmTotal area of the Island 9,251 sq km Total Utilized Agricultural Area (Agricultural Census Total Utilized Agricultural Area (Agricultural Census

A.C. 2003) U.A.A. 156380 haA.C. 2003) U.A.A. 156380 ha 36100 ha non cultivated land 36100 ha non cultivated land 2500 ha woodland 2500 ha woodland 109700 ha annual crops 14499 holdings109700 ha annual crops 14499 holdings 28187 ha permanent crops 38704 holdings28187 ha permanent crops 38704 holdings 12528 ha vineyards 12924 holdings12528 ha vineyards 12924 holdings 4863 ha citrus 11013 holdings4863 ha citrus 11013 holdings 12611 ha olives, 33181 holdings12611 ha olives, 33181 holdings 64 ha kitchen gardens 1171 holdings64 ha kitchen gardens 1171 holdings

44611 holdings with U.A.A.44611 holdings with U.A.A. Mean area per holding 3,5 haMean area per holding 3,5 ha Mean no of parcels per holding 5 (usually Mean no of parcels per holding 5 (usually

are in different locations in the same or are in different locations in the same or other area)other area)

Average area per parcel is 0.7 haAverage area per parcel is 0.7 ha Arid conditions, lack of water, high cost Arid conditions, lack of water, high cost

of production, of production, Alternative use of land (real estate)Alternative use of land (real estate) Competition with imported productsCompetition with imported products

General information of General information of Cyprus AgricultureCyprus Agriculture

PPP survey scopePPP survey scope

• First time conducting such a surveyFirst time conducting such a survey• The aim is to establish an administrative The aim is to establish an administrative

network structure and gain experience from network structure and gain experience from other countries that have done this survey other countries that have done this survey before. before.

• Get ready to implement the new regulationGet ready to implement the new regulation• to determine the weaknesses of the farmers to determine the weaknesses of the farmers

record keeping attituderecord keeping attitude• Identify any other needs regarding the Identify any other needs regarding the

training needs of the farmers training needs of the farmers • Estimate the environmental risk due to the Estimate the environmental risk due to the

use of PPP’s, identify the problems and try to use of PPP’s, identify the problems and try to find solutions.find solutions.

Planning and approach Planning and approach Sampling MethodSampling Method

The farmers were selected from the register The farmers were selected from the register kept from the Statistical Services 45199 total kept from the Statistical Services 45199 total no of holdings (A.C. 2003) no of holdings (A.C. 2003)

Selection of the 30 biggest (area wise) holdings Selection of the 30 biggest (area wise) holdings in each district (town area), in each of the in each district (town area), in each of the following groups:following groups:

Cereals, Potatoes, citrus, vegetables, Cereals, Potatoes, citrus, vegetables, vineyards, soft fruits, vegetables under cover, vineyards, soft fruits, vegetables under cover, leafy vegetables. leafy vegetables.

Sample size of approx 580 holdings out of Sample size of approx 580 holdings out of 45000 i.e. 1,28% of population45000 i.e. 1,28% of population

Planning and approach Planning and approach Sampling MethodSampling Method

Target population allocated according to Target population allocated according to typology of the district area, the species typology of the district area, the species cultivated in the area and the number of cultivated in the area and the number of holdingsholdings

Sampling based on the Register. Farmers Sampling based on the Register. Farmers not willing to participate in the survey were not willing to participate in the survey were replaced by the next farmer on the replaced by the next farmer on the register .register .

The small holdings were also selected by The small holdings were also selected by the interviewers according to the same the interviewers according to the same criteria.criteria.

Interviewing farmersInterviewing farmers

Temporary staff (3 agronomist) with Temporary staff (3 agronomist) with university background on pesticides and university background on pesticides and also market experience in pesticides and also market experience in pesticides and record keeping of PPP applications record keeping of PPP applications (EUREPGAP) (EUREPGAP)

1 Temporary clerk to insert data in PC 1 Temporary clerk to insert data in PC 1 Coordinator from the P.H.I.S. and one 1 Coordinator from the P.H.I.S. and one

from the Statistical Services. from the Statistical Services. 1 IT partly worked to establish the program 1 IT partly worked to establish the program

(Access) from the (Access) from the Statistical Services.Statistical Services.

Interviewing farmersInterviewing farmers

Questionnaires prepared by the PHIS in cooperation Questionnaires prepared by the PHIS in cooperation with the with the Statistical ServicesStatistical Services..

Face to face Interviewing farmers from the 2Face to face Interviewing farmers from the 2ndnd of of April until the 30April until the 30thth of June. of June.

Interviewers were trained in advance, were provided Interviewers were trained in advance, were provided with a list of regulated PPP’s and were obliged to with a list of regulated PPP’s and were obliged to return 8 questionnaires per week. return 8 questionnaires per week.

Backup information and corrections were made Backup information and corrections were made during the survey. Having Agronomists as during the survey. Having Agronomists as interviewers has helped the collection of the data interviewers has helped the collection of the data with less mistakes and misunderstanding.with less mistakes and misunderstanding.

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

A comprehensive questionnaire was used A comprehensive questionnaire was used The questionnaire was designed according The questionnaire was designed according

to the Guidelines for the data collection to the Guidelines for the data collection Other information was selected also Other information was selected also

(personal data, Training needs, spraying (personal data, Training needs, spraying safety measures etc.) safety measures etc.)

The questionnaire was completed in The questionnaire was completed in hardcopy during the interview and some hardcopy during the interview and some data on Active Substance (A.S.) was inserted data on Active Substance (A.S.) was inserted in the office.in the office.

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire Information collected in the questionnaire were:Information collected in the questionnaire were:

• Plot numberPlot number• Species name and varietySpecies name and variety• Area of the plotArea of the plot• Crop CodeCrop Code• Sown dateSown date• Harvest dateHarvest date• Application numberApplication number• Application dateApplication date• Product nameProduct name• Active substance Active substance • A.S. codeA.S. code• Usage categoryUsage category• P.P.P. doseP.P.P. dose• Application methodApplication method• Purpose of application Purpose of application

Information from the Information from the questionnairequestionnaire

Estimation of the total PPPs usage per Estimation of the total PPPs usage per crop , variety, district in the countrycrop , variety, district in the country

Estimation of the country totals (we Estimation of the country totals (we were collecting usage data of the first were collecting usage data of the first two biggest plots of each farmer)two biggest plots of each farmer)

There is much information on the There is much information on the safety procedures followed during safety procedures followed during sprayingspraying

The farmers behavior in record The farmers behavior in record keeping of PPPs application. keeping of PPPs application.

Results from the Results from the questionnairesquestionnaires

The Information collected by the interviewers The Information collected by the interviewers was inserted in the program designed for this was inserted in the program designed for this survey. Analyzing the data we expect the survey. Analyzing the data we expect the following:following:• Number of treatments per crop and varietyNumber of treatments per crop and variety• Area treated and evaluation of country totalsArea treated and evaluation of country totals• Application dates (within the safety limits)Application dates (within the safety limits)• Product names (rotation of the PPPs)Product names (rotation of the PPPs)• Amount applied (over dose application)Amount applied (over dose application)• Method of application (if correct or not)Method of application (if correct or not)

Results from the Results from the questionnairesquestionnaires

Calculation of the A.S. % of the product used, by the Calculation of the A.S. % of the product used, by the interviewer.interviewer.

VolumesVolumes Application methods,Application methods, PPPs not registered were identified PPPs not registered were identified A.S. not registered to be sprayed on certain A.S. not registered to be sprayed on certain

crops.crops. Except from potatoes, soft fruits and Except from potatoes, soft fruits and

vegetables under cover, most of the other vegetables under cover, most of the other farmers do not keep a PPP usage recordfarmers do not keep a PPP usage record

Problems during the Problems during the Interviewing processInterviewing process

Farmers not keeping record.Farmers not keeping record. Farmers had to remember the last years Farmers had to remember the last years

applications (No problem to the big farms that applications (No problem to the big farms that they keep record)they keep record)

Small plots of land distributed everywhere (thus Small plots of land distributed everywhere (thus no recording of the total number of plots of each no recording of the total number of plots of each farm)farm)

On the same plot several crops were planted On the same plot several crops were planted either from the same species or different specieseither from the same species or different species

Farmers not remembering the exact name of the Farmers not remembering the exact name of the product but just the company that produced it product but just the company that produced it (interviewers work to find out the exact PPP (interviewers work to find out the exact PPP name and A.S. %)name and A.S. %)

Present situation of the surveyPresent situation of the survey

Total Number of the questionnaires completed Total Number of the questionnaires completed was 256, from the 2was 256, from the 2ndnd of April until the 30 of April until the 30thth of of JuneJune

All data have been inserted in the program.All data have been inserted in the program. Analysis of the data has not yet started, due to Analysis of the data has not yet started, due to

the summer holidays, the lack of HR and also the summer holidays, the lack of HR and also due to other duties and projects running at the due to other duties and projects running at the same time.same time.

Analysis will start later in SeptemberAnalysis will start later in September

Future stepsFuture steps

Complete the analysis and get as much information Complete the analysis and get as much information as possible.as possible.

Make the necessary correction of the program and Make the necessary correction of the program and prepare it order to be used in future surveys.prepare it order to be used in future surveys.

Identify all the training needs of the interviewer for Identify all the training needs of the interviewer for future surveys.future surveys.

Give codes and make easier the data input in the Give codes and make easier the data input in the program.program.

Suggestions for future surveys to facilitate Suggestions for future surveys to facilitate interviewers with laptops to insert the data directly interviewers with laptops to insert the data directly (avoidance of mistakes) (avoidance of mistakes)

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

ANNEXANNEX

I QUESTIONAIRΕ DISTRIBUTION

IIQUESTIONAIRE

ΙΙΙ CEREAL FIRST RESULTS

Back

CROPCROP NICOSIANICOSIA LEMESOSLEMESOS PAPHOSPAPHOS LARNACA-LARNACA-FAMAGUSTAFAMAGUSTA

TOTALTOTAL

POTATO GOODPOTATO GOOD 1515 55 2525 3030 7575

POTATO SMALLPOTATO SMALL 55 33 55 1212 2525

CERIAL GOODCERIAL GOOD 2020 55 3030 2020 7575

CERIAL SMALLCERIAL SMALL 66 33 55 1111 2525

CITRUSCITRUS 44 44 55 22 1515

VITISVITIS 00 55 1010 00 1515

TOMATO TOMATO coveredcovered

22 11 22 33 88

Cucumber Cucumber coveredcovered

22 22 22 22 88

LettuceLettuce 33 11 22 11 77

StrawberriesStrawberries 11 11 11 44 77

TotalTotal 5858 3030 8787 8585 260260

RECORD KEEPING

YES11%

NO89%

YES

NO

First results for cerealsFirst results for cereals

DID YOU USE PPPS LAST YEAR?

91%

9%

YES

NO

WHO SUGEST THE PPPWHO SUGEST THE PPP APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

AGRONOMIST EXPERIENCE DATE SYMTPOMS OTHER

NO

YES

WHO IS APPLYING THE PPPWHO IS APPLYING THE PPP

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

THE FARMER THE WORKER TRAINED SPRAYER OTHER

NO

YES

WHO SUGESTS THE DOSE OF WHO SUGESTS THE DOSE OF APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

FARMER WORKER TRAINEDSPRAYER

LABEL AGRONOMIST

NO

YES

CALIBRATION OF SPR. EQ.

YES8%

NO92%

YES

NO