it 10103 introduction to information technology chapter 01

IT 10103 IT 10103 Introduction to Information TechnologyIntroduction to Information Technology

CHAPTER 01CHAPTER 01

Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers

What is Computer Literacy?What is Computer Literacy?

It doesn’t mean knowing how to use a particular It doesn’t mean knowing how to use a particular program, it means knowing how to use a program, it means knowing how to use a

computer. computer.

Being car literate doesn’t mean knowing how to Being car literate doesn’t mean knowing how to drive the particular car you learned on, it means drive the particular car you learned on, it means being able to get into any car on any road and being able to get into any car on any road and

drive. drive.


List some ways that computers positively and List some ways that computers positively and negatively affect us today?negatively affect us today?


What is a Computer (Define it)?What is a Computer (Define it)?

A computer is an electronic device, operating A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data memory, that can accept data, process the data

according to specified rules, produce results, and according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.store the results for future use.


Although computers are thought of as a relatively Although computers are thought of as a relatively recent innovation, the term “computer” has a long recent innovation, the term “computer” has a long

history. Prior to 1940, computer was a job title history. Prior to 1940, computer was a job title that referred to anyone performing calculations.that referred to anyone performing calculations.


What is Data?What is Data?

A collection of unprocessed items A collection of unprocessed items

Raw facts Raw facts

A single fact about somethingA single fact about something


What is Information?What is Information?

Processed DataProcessed Data

Conveys meaning and is useful to one or more Conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people people


Computers process Computers process

data (input) into information (output)data (input) into information (output)


The Information Processing CycleThe Information Processing Cycle

The first three operations (input, process, and The first three operations (input, process, and output) are performed to convert data into output) are performed to convert data into

information, while the fourth operation (storage) information, while the fourth operation (storage) refers to a computer’s electronic reservoir refers to a computer’s electronic reservoir

capability. capability.


Components of a ComputerComponents of a Computer

Hardware - is “hard” or tangibleHardware - is “hard” or tangible

Software - is “soft” or intangible Software - is “soft” or intangible



Input DevicesInput Devices

Designed to transmit different types of data or to Designed to transmit different types of data or to transmit data in different ways transmit data in different ways


Input DevicesInput Devices

Six commonly used input devices: Six commonly used input devices:

the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC video camera digital camera, and PC video camera



Output DevicesOutput Devices

Designed to transmit information to one or more Designed to transmit information to one or more peoplepeople


Output DevicesOutput Devices

Three frequently used output devices: Three frequently used output devices:

the printer, monitor, and speakers the printer, monitor, and speakers



System UnitSystem Unit

A case that contains the electronic components of A case that contains the electronic components of the computer and houses the motherboardthe computer and houses the motherboard



MotherboardMotherboard

The central connection point for all computer The central connection point for all computer componentscomponents



Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Holds data, instructions, and information for Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.future use.



Storage MediaStorage Media

Holds data, instructions, and information for Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.future use.


Storage MediaStorage Media

Floppy Disks, ZIP Disks, CD-ROM, CDRW, Floppy Disks, ZIP Disks, CD-ROM, CDRW, DVD+R, DVD-R, DVDRW, USB Flash Drive, DVD+R, DVD-R, DVDRW, USB Flash Drive,

Memory Cards, Hard DrivesMemory Cards, Hard Drives



Communication DevicesCommunication Devices

A hardware component that enables a computer A hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions,

and information to and from one or more and information to and from one or more computers.computers.


What is a User?What is a User?

Anyone who communicates with a computer or Anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates.utilizes the information it generates.


Advantages of using a Computer:Advantages of using a Computer:

SpeedSpeed

ReliabilityReliability

ConsistencyConsistency

StorageStorage

CommunicationsCommunications


Consistency – GIGOConsistency – GIGO

(Garbage In – Garbage Out)(Garbage In – Garbage Out)


Disadvantages of using a Computer:Disadvantages of using a Computer:

Violation of PrivacyViolation of Privacy

Impact on Labor ForceImpact on Labor Force

Health RisksHealth Risks

Impact on the EnvironmentImpact on the Environment


Networks and the InternetNetworks and the Internet

A Network is a collection of computers connected A Network is a collection of computers connected together via communication devices and together via communication devices and

transmission media.transmission media.

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that communicate with computers worldwide.that communicate with computers worldwide.


World Wide WebWorld Wide Web

A worldwide collection of documents that reside A worldwide collection of documents that reside on the Internet.on the Internet.


Computer SoftwareComputer Software

A series of instructions that tells a computer what A series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it called a program.to do and how to do it called a program.


GUI (Graphical User Interface)GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Pronounced “gooey”Pronounced “gooey”

Interact with software using text, graphics, and Interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images such as iconsvisual images such as icons


IconIcon

A miniature image that represents a program, and A miniature image that represents a program, and instruction, or some other object. You use a instruction, or some other object. You use a

mouse to select or activate an iconmouse to select or activate an icon


Icon ProjectIcon Project

On a sheet of paper draw an icon for three On a sheet of paper draw an icon for three commonplace activities and explain why you commonplace activities and explain why you choose that particular image to represent that choose that particular image to represent that

activity.activity.

(10-15 Minutes)(10-15 Minutes)


System SoftwareSystem Software

Programs that control or maintain the operations Programs that control or maintain the operations of computersof computers


Operating SystemOperating System

A set of programs that coordinates all the A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices.activities among computer hardware devices.


Utility ProgramUtility Program

Utility programs are used for maintenance-type Utility programs are used for maintenance-type tasks, such as managing disk drives, printers, tasks, such as managing disk drives, printers,

and other devices. Other tasks handled by utility and other devices. Other tasks handled by utility programs include viewing files, compressing files, programs include viewing files, compressing files,

diagnosing problems, uninstalling software, diagnosing problems, uninstalling software, scanning disks, defragmenting disks, backing up scanning disks, defragmenting disks, backing up

files and disks, checking for viruses, and files and disks, checking for viruses, and displaying screen savers.displaying screen savers.


Application SoftwareApplication Software

Programs designed to make users more Programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal productive and/or assist them with personal

tasks.tasks.


Installing and Running SoftwareInstalling and Running Software

Installing is the process of setting up software to Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer.work with the computer.

Running software is the process of loading, and Running software is the process of loading, and executing software by the computer.executing software by the computer.


Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

Programming instructions to form a software Programming instructions to form a software program for use on a particular computer(s)program for use on a particular computer(s)


Computer Categories:Computer Categories:

Personal ComputerPersonal Computer

A computer that can perform all of its inputs, A computer that can perform all of its inputs, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.processing, output, and storage activities by itself.



Desktop ComputerDesktop Computer



Notebook ComputerNotebook Computer



Tablet ComputerTablet Computer



Handheld (PDA) ComputerHandheld (PDA) Computer



Smart Phone ComputerSmart Phone Computer



Smart Watch ComputerSmart Watch Computer



Mid-Range Server ComputerMid-Range Server Computer



Mainframe ComputerMainframe Computer



Super ComputerSuper Computer



Embedded ComputerEmbedded Computer


Information System:Information System:

HardwareHardware

SoftwareSoftware

DataData

PeoplePeople

ProceduresProcedures


Computer Usage:Computer Usage:

Home UserHome User

Small Office/Home Office UserSmall Office/Home Office User

Mobile UserMobile User

Power UserPower User

Large Business UserLarge Business User


Computer Applications in Society:Computer Applications in Society:

EducationEducation

FinanceFinance

GovernmentGovernment

Health CareHealth Care

ScienceScience

PublishingPublishing

TravelTravel

IndustryIndustry


Questions?Questions?

it 10103 introduction to information technology chapter 01

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