it is “his story” describing the rise - christianbook.com is “his story” describing the rise...
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It is “His story” describing the rise and fall of nations and individuals as they respond to God’s truth.
History is the written record of mankind. It is the story of what man has done with the time God has given him from creation through the present.
God has given the earth to man for a home. Geography is the study of the surface of the earth. Geogra-phy helps us to understand history because it tells us about the places where history has happened.
32 The History of Our United States The English Come to America 33
The English Come to America
CANADA
MEXICO
Quebec
Lake Superior
LakeMichigan
LakeHuron
Lake Ontario
LakeErie
Plymouth1620
Jamestown1607 Roanoke
St. Augustine
SAN SALVADOR
CUBAHISPANIOLA
(HAITI) (DOMINICANREPUBLIC)
JAMAICA
PUERTORICO
Gulf of Mexico
AT L A N T I CO C E A N
Mississippi River
Missouri River Ohio River
Miss
issip
piRi
ver
NORTH
EASTWEST
SOUTH
Time Line of imporTanT DaTes
St. Augustine is first permanent European settlement in New World
1565
1492Columbusdiscovers
New World
1587Founding
of Roanoke, “the Lost Colony”
1607Jamestown is first permanent
English settlement in New World
1620Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock
1775–1783War for
Independence1789
George Washington elected first President;
U.S. Constitution
Declaration of Independence1776 World War I
1914–1918
1939–1945World War II
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
1812–1815War of 1812
Civil War 1861–1865
1863EmancipationProclamation
Quebec is first successful French settlement in New World 1608
Planting a ColonyThe year was 1585, and the English people
were ready to begin a very difficult task. They were going to plant a colony in the wilderness, a wild, empty land that has not been settled. America was that wilderness. Of course there were many Native Ameri-cans living in America. Some stayed in one area and farmed while many others traveled from place to place. But for the most part, America was still a wilderness—a wild, un-settled land.
England and the BibleNearly one hundred years had passed
since 1497, when John Cabot claimed North America for England. By this time, an important change had taken place in Eng-land—all the people in England were free to read the Bible for themselves. This free-dom had an important effect on the kind of people who came to America from England and the kind of government they set up.
The Lost ColonyQueen Elizabeth I was the powerful
ruler of England in 1585. She was proud of England and wanted all Englishmen to be proud, too. A successful English colony in the New World would boost her people’s pride.
The Pilgrims were the most famous group of English settlers to come to America.
Walter Raleigh [rôÆl™] was a good friend of the queen. When he asked for permission to begin a colony, Queen Elizabeth gave it to him without hesitation. But the queen told him that he himself could not go to Ameri-ca—he had to choose someone else to go!
How strange it seems that the man who was to plan the first English colony in America never went to America himself! The queen had very good reasons. Eng-land was having trouble with Spain. If a war broke out, she knew she could trust Raleigh’s judgment to help England.
Raleigh sent two sea captains to find a good place in America for an English
4ChapterH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
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A Christian perspective is the thread that connects the past with the present, causing history to “make sense” for students and teachers alike.
Grade 4
“The A Beka Book history series is absolutely wonderful! It is refreshing to study history from a Christian perspective.” Parent
The Burning of Washington, D.C.
President Madison and his cabinet hastily gathered as many government documents as they could and fled the city. British officers entered the White House in time to enjoy a warm meal prepared for Madison and his wife. Partly to retaliate for the destruction of British government buildings at York (Toronto) by American raiders and partly to crush American morale, the British set fire to the public buildings in Washington. Brit-ish General Ross personally supervised the stacking of the White House furniture so as to make a good bonfire. Having completed their task of destruction, the British aban-doned Washington.
Next, the British fleet sailed up the Chesapeake to attack Baltimore, where they met fierce resistance. When the fleet failed to destroy Fort McHenry, a strategic fort which guarded the entrance to Baltimore’s harbor, the British finally gave up and left Chesapeake Bay.
Dolly Madison served as the White House hostess for 16 years. Of Quaker descent, Dolly married a Quaker law-
yer in 1790 but was widowed in 1793. In 1794, she married
James Madison. When Madison became secretary of state under Thomas Jefferson, Dolly assumed responsibilities as White House hostess for Jefferson, whose wife had died before America had won its inde-pendence. She continued her duties as First Lady throughout Jefferson’s administration and then through her husband’s two terms as
Dolly Madison (1768 –1849)
President. She was a popular and charming hostess known for her ability to make White House socials enjoyable.
Dolly Madison is also remembered for her valuable service to her country in a time of cri-sis. In August 1814, as British forces marched on Washington, Dolly carefully packed im-portant American documents into trunks that could be carried to safety. At the last moment, she ordered a portrait of George Washington to be taken from its frame and packed with the state papers. She then fled the capital, saving her precious cargo from the merciless fires of the British.
“The Star-Spangled Banner”With President Madison’s permission,
Francis Scott Key (1779–1843), a promi-nent Washington lawyer, went to Baltimore to rescue a friend captured at Washington. On September 13, 1814, Key boarded a prisoner exchange ship to negotiate his friend’s release. While on board, he was detained while the British bombarded Fort McHenry. Francis Scott Key watched the battle anxiously. By the last light of day, he could see that the American flag still flew proudly over Fort McHenry. Throughout the night, he could tell by “the rockets’ red glare,” and “the bombs bursting in air” that the Americans still held the fort. Then, the first light of the new day revealed that the flag was still flying. The sight of the waving flag prompted Key to pull an old letter from his pocket and scratch the words to “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The poem was set to music, and, in 1931, it officially became America’s national anthem.
Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor (Maryland)
The War of 1812 143
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HISTORY SERIES
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Grade 1
A Beka Book presents U.S. history from a conservative Christian perspective so the students have a deeper understand-ing of our nation’s history. Patriotism and positive, conservative views from the past are presented.
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A Beka Book emphasizes people behind the events of history. Some are pilgrims, some are preachers, some patriots, and some presidents. All make the chronologi-cal narrative story of history sequential and connected. These people give students positive role models.
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Creation
The Beginning of the WorldWorld history is a story: it had a begin-
ning, and it will have an end. What we believe about the beginning affects how we under-stand history. The patterns we see, the lessons we learn, the estimates we make of the good-ness or badness of men and situations—these things and more depend upon our beliefs about the beginning.
Genesis, the first book of the Bible, is the most reliable source for what we need to know about the beginning of world history. If you have read it, you have already begun to study history. The word Genesis means “beginning” or “origin.” The book of Genesis tells us that “in the beginning God created the heaven and the earth,” including the universe and man.
The Beginning of ManAdam, whose name means “man,” and
Eve, whose name means “mother of all,” were the last creations of God. In order of impor-tance, however, they were first. God had made everything else—even the sun, moon, and stars—within view of man’s habitation on earth.
Man is special to God because he alone was created in the image of God. Man is definitely not God or “a god.” Man is man. But man possesses some characteristics similar to God’s that permit fellowship with God. Man’s special characteristics include: (1) language and thought, (2) awareness of the difference between right and wrong, and (3) freedom to make choices.
We must never forget man’s special char-acteristics in our study of world history. No plant or animal possesses these characteris-tics. We can have a kind of relationship with one another that no other creatures can share. Most important, we can relate to God in a way that no other part of creation can.
Our freedom to make choices is also important. Men are responsible for what they have done in history. How we choose to use language and thought and how we choose between right and wrong make “all the differ-ence in the world.”
The first human beings were highly intel-ligent. Adam, for example, classified all the varieties of animals, giving each kind a name. He knew language well; it was he who named his wife so appropriately as the mother of all. Of course, the pair could have learned much more. Because of their direct and frequent fellowship with God, what God might have chosen to reveal to them about the workings of the universe can only be imagined.
Creation Flood Fall of Man Dispersion
3
? 4000 B.C. 3000 2000
Tower of Babel—Dispersion of mankind
2300 Flood
Approximate dates based on Ussher’s chronology
Creation
In the beginning God created the heaven
and the earth. Gen. 1:1
The Beginning
�
AncientMiddle East
EUROPE
ASIA MINOR
EGYPT
SUMER
SYRIACYPRUS
LYDIA
Jerusalem
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
BLACK SEA
CASPIAN SEA
PERSIAN GULF
RED SEA
LOWEREGYPT
CANAAN
SinaiPeninsula
UPPEREGYPT
A r a b i a n D e s e r t
S a h a r a
Iranian Desert
PERSIA
MEDIA
ASSYRIAMESOPOTAMIA
AEG
EAN
SEA
JerichoJordan River
TyreSidon
PHO
ENIC
IA
Haran
Hittites
Memphis
Thebes
Mt. Sinai
Sardis
Babylon
(Shinar) Ur
Nineveh
Euphrates River
T ig r i s River
CHALDE
A Susa
Mt. Ararat
Dead Sea
Sea of Galilee
Greece
NubianDesert
FirstCataract
SecondCataract
Nile
River
Fertile Crescent 11
•Asiaistheworld’slargestcontinent.
•ThecountryofTibet(nowpartofChina)isknownas“TheRoofoftheWorld”becauseitcontainstheworld’stallestmountains,includingMt.Everest.
•HousesandotherbuildingsintheancientcityofPetra,inJordan,werecarvedintorockycliffs.Becausemanyofthecliffsarered,Petrawasknownasthe“rose-redcity.”
•LakeBaikalinRussia,morethanamiledeepatitsdeepestpoint,isthedeepestlakeintheworld.Duringthewinterwhenthelakeisfrozen,carscandriveoverit.
•Atatraditional“floatingmarket”inThailand,merchantsselltheirgoodsfromsmallboats.
Asia
2.1 The Land of BeginningsLikeallgoodstories,historyhasabe-
ginning,middle,andend.Whatwelearnaboutthebeginningofhistoryhelpsustounderstandwhythemiddleofhistoryisthewayitisandwhattheendofhistorywillbe.
Tobeginhistory’sstory,wemustgobackintimetothecreationofmanintheGarden of Eden.Wemustgotoalong,curvedstripoflandinAsiaknownforitsrichsoilandhistoricpast.Thecombinationofitsfertile soilanditscrescent shape(likeamoon)gavetheareaitsname—theFertile Crescent.Be-
causeearth’searliestpeoplelivedintheFertileCrescent,itisoftencalledthe“CradleofCivilization.”
The Two RiversTworiversintheFertileCrescent
havebeenknowntomanfromtheearli-estpagesofhistory.TheyaretheTigris[t£Ægrˆs]andtheEuphrates[yº¶fr¡Æt™z].TheseriversbeginhighinthemountainsofmodernTurkeyandArmenia,wheremeltingsnowsflowdowninstreams.
Thename“Tigris”means“arrow.”Thisriverrunsastraightcoursejustasanarrowdoeswhenitisshotfromabow.“Euphrates”means“thatwhichmakesfruitful.”Thiswindingriverbringsmuchwatertothethirstylandaroundit.
Astheriversflowdownthemountainstothesouth,theypick
Euphrates River near the border between Syria and Iraq
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5GRADE
HISTORY SERIES
I N D I A N O C E A N
PA
CI
FI
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OC
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L M
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S
GOBIDESERT
RUB AL KHALIDESERT
HIMALAYAS
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Indus R.
Persian Gulf
Red
Sea
Euphrates R.Tigris R.
Casp
ian
Sea
Yangtze R.Huang He
LakeBaikal
A R C T I C O C E A N
elephant
Taj Mahal
rice paddies
waterbuffalo
giant panda
Yurt (nomad tent)
turquoise
oil rig
Petra
Turkish rug
woolly mammothfossils
hoopoe
snow leopard
ptarmigan
Siberian tiger
humpback whale
arctic fox
icebreaker ship
yak
floatingmarket
Indonesian boat
bullet train
Mt. Everest(29,035)
Mt. Fuji
sheep in Iraq
5
Pictures, photographs, and paintings enhance the study of each A Beka Book history text. Hundreds of full-color pictures and many original print illustra-tions are contained in each book, so students understand the event, person, or area at that time.
Grade 7
Grade 5
Map 4A • Middle East 71935 • © mmviii Pensacola Christian College • Not to be reproduced.
Indian OceanG u l f o f A d e n
Pe r s i an G u l f
Aegean S ea
Gulf of Oman
Re d
Se a
Ca
s pi a
n S
e a
B l a c k S e a
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
A r a b i a nS e a
Dardanelles
Bosporus
Sea of
Marmara
Lake Van
Sea ofGalilee
Dead Sea
Gulf ofAqaba
Gulf ofSuez
Aswan High Dam
Lake Nasser
Suez Canal
LakeUrmia
Tigris Riv e r
E u ph ra t e s R iv e r
Ni l e R iv e r
Whi t
e N
i le
B l u e N i l e
Atbara
Jord
an
R. IRAN
TURKEY
SAUDIARABIA
EGYPT
SUDAN
SYRIA
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA
LEBANON
ISRAEL
JORDANKUWAIT
BAHRAIN
QATAR
UNITEDARAB
EMIRATES
CYPRUS
OMAN
YEMEN
IRAQAmman
DamascusBeirut
Nicosia
Jerusalem
Ankara
Khartoum
Cairo
Baghdad
Al Kuwait
RiyadhAbu Dhabi
Muscat
Tehran
Mecca
Istanbul
Alexandria
JerichoWest Bank
Gaza Strip
Golan Heights
M e m p h i s
U r
B a b y l o n
S u s a
P e r s e p o l i s
N i n e v e h
M t . A r a r a t
T h e b e s
M t . S i n a i
S I N A IP E N I N S U L A
Sanaa
ZAGROS MOUNTAINS
EL B U R Z R A N G E
P O N T I C M T S .
TA U R U S M T S .
R u b a l K h a l i( d e s e r t )
S a h a r aTROPIC OF CANCER
Capital cities
Other cities
Ancient ruins
Mountain peaks
Key
Middle East
NORTH
EASTWEST
SOUTH
Grades 4–8
State / Capital Flashcards
•
••
Nifty Fifty Flashcards
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•
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157651 • Copyright © mmx Pensacola Christian College • Not to be reproduced.
N
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157651 • Copyright © mmx Pensacola Christian College • Not to be reproduced. Nifty Fifty Flashcards
S C
N C
T N
A L
F L Atl
an
tic
Oc
ean
Atlanta
•
•
MaconColumbus
•
Sa
v a nn
ah
R i ve
r
O g e ec h e e
R
i v e r
Al t am
aha
R.Fl i
nt
Ri
ve
r Savannah
St.
Ma
rys R.Okefenokee
Swamp
Ch
at t
ah
oo
ch
e eR
.
Georgia
•
•
•
•
Augusta
10B
HartwellLake
A p p a l ac h i a
n Mo u n t a i n
s
B l ue R
i dg e M
o u n t a i ns
Lake SidneyLanier
LakeSinclair
LakeSeminole
•
(Clarks Hill) LakeJ. Strom Thurmond
10ACapital: Atlanta
Geographic highlights:
Known for:
GeorgiaThe Peach State
Many symbols of the deep South—cotton fields, magnolia trees, Spanish moss, grand plantation
manors—can still be seen in Georgia today. Although agriculture remains an important part of the Georgian economy, manufacturing has taken the lead among the state’s many industries. Textiles are Georgia’s most important product. Georgia is a leading producer of lumber, paper products, poultry, peaches, and shrimp. It produces more peanuts and granite than any other state. Tourists may hike the forested Blue Ridge Mountains, go white-water rafting on the Oconee River, or enjoy the resorts and beaches of the Georgian coast. They may also tour museums and historic homes, towns, and battlefields. The streets of old Atlanta are preserved in an underground shopping mall known as “Underground Atlanta.” At Stone Mountain, tourists can see the figures of Confederate leaders carved in solid rock.
Bird: Brown thrasher
Tree: Live oak
Flower: Cherokee rose
Largest City: Atlanta
Other Cities:•Augusta•Columbus•Savannah•Macon
Major Rivers:•Savannah•Ogeechee•Altamaha•St.Marys•Chattahoochee•Flint
Major Lakes:•SidneyLanier•J.StromThurmond (Clarks Hill)•Hartwell•Sinclair•Seminole
Major Mountains:•BlueRidge(partofthe
Appalachian Mts.)
man-made
•redclay•EliWhitney(cottongin)•OkefenokeeSwamp•MastersGolf
Tournament
•GeneralSherman’sburning of Atlanta
•JamesOglethorpe•Gone with the Wind
(novel)
•historicSavannah•CallawayGardens•JimmyCarter
(39th President)•JekyllIsland
Abbreviations: Ga., GAAdmission Date: 1788Order of Admission: 4Motto: “Wisdom,Justice,
and Moderation”
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EdinburghGlasgow
Bergen
St. Petersburg
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Odessa
Cardiff
GenevaBordeaux
Toulouse
Valencia
Barcelona
Seville
Porto
Marseille
Milan Venice
Genoa
NaplesThessaloníki
Corinth
Istanbul
Sparta
Nantes
Munich
Zurich
Bonn
Rotterdam
Hamburg
Göteborg
Wroclaw
Kraców
C a r t h a g eO l y m p i aH i p p o R e g i u s
Warsaw
Prague
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Bern
Bratislava
The HagueLondon
Dublin
Amsterdam
Stockholm
Oslo
Copenhagen
Tallinn
Riga
Vilnius
Minsk
Helsinki
Moscow
Budapest
Belgrade
Sarajevo
Bucharest
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MadridLisbon
Reykjavik
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M o n t B l a n c1 5 , 7 7 1 f t .
M t . E l b r u s1 8 , 5 1 0 f t .
M t . O l y m p u s
M t . Ve s u v i u s
M t . E t n a
UR
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OU
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CAU CA S U S M T S .
APEN
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A L P S
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ASIA
UKRAINE
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AUSTRIASWITZERLAND
SANMARINO
MONACO
LIECHTENSTEIN
LUXEMBOURG
ANDORRA
CROATIA
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
ESTONIA
(RUSSIA)
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
IRELAND
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SCO
TLA
ND
WALES
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDSENG
LAN
D
UNITEDKINGDOM
SLOVAKIA
CZECHREPUBLIC
GREECE
MACEDONIA
SLOVENIA
TURKEY
MONTE-NEGRO KOSOVO
SERBIA
AL
BA
NIA
MALTA
Rhodes
Crete
Crimea
Sicily
Sardinia(It.)
Corsica(Fr.)
ROMANIA
POLAND
ITALY
AFRICA
ASIA
FRANCE
SPAIN
DEN
MA
RK
MOLD
OVA
AtlanticOcean
ArcticOcean
Bal t
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I o n i a nS e a
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Aeg ean S ea
Casp ian S ea
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
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L a k eVä n e r n
L a k eVä t t e r n
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N o r w e g i a nS e a
B a re n t s S e a
D a n u b e R .
Tham e s R .
Se in e R.
R
h ine R
.
71935 • © mmviii Pensacola Christian College • Not to be reproduced. Map 5A • Europe
Capital cities
Other cities
Ancient ruins
Mountain peaks
Volcanoes
Key
Europe
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ARCTIC CIRCLE
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IndianOcean
Pacific
Ocean
ArcticOcean
Med
ite r ran
ean
S ea
G u l f o f A d e n
B a yo f
B e n g a l
E a s t
C h i n a
S e a
Se ao f
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Sea
o f
Okhot sk
Ber
ing
Sea
Ye l l o w
S e a
P h i l i p p i n e
S e a
L e y t e
G u l f
G u l f o f
T h a i l a n d
A r a b i a n S e a
Red
Sea
B l a ck Sea
Ca
spia
n S
ea
Pers ia
n G
u l f
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Aeg
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ina
Sea
L e n a R i ve r
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iver
Yang t z e Ri v e r
Gange s R
iv e r
Mekong R
.
Ind
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er
B e r i n g S t r a i t
L a k eB a l k h a s h
TonleSap
L a k eB a i k a l
HI
MA
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CA
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G re a tI n d i a nD e s e r t
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Astana
Tehran
Ankara
Nicosia
Damascus
BeirutJerusalem
Amm
an
Riyadh
Baghdad
Sanaa
New Delhi
Kathmandu
Thimphu
Rangoon(Yangon)
Kuala Lumpur
Colombo
Singapore
Jakarta Java
Bandar Seri
Begawan
Manila
Bangkok
Vientiane
Hanoi
Beijing
Taipei
Hong Kong
P’yongyang
Ulaanbaatar
Tokyo
Seoul
PhnomPenh Ho Chi
Minh City(Saigon)
Dhaka
Islam
abadKabul
Muscat
Novosibirsk
Vladivostok
Shenyang
Tianjin
Sapporo
Yokohama
Osaka
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Shanghai
Chongqing
Guangzhou
(Canton)
Calcutta
Madras
Bangalore
Mumbai(Bombay)
Karachi
Isfahan
Meshed
Mecca
Istanbul
Kobe Kyoto
Mt . A
ra r a t
M t . Fu j i
M t . E v e r e s t2 9 , 0 3 5 f t .
Sumatra
AndamanIslands(India)
Okinawa
Kuril
Islan
ds
Kam
chatka
Pen.
Borneo
Celebe
s
NORTH+
POLE
Great W
all of China
MONGOLIA
IRAN
TURKEY
YEMEN
U.A.E.
KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
QATAR
OMAN
SRI LANKA
MALDIVES
SYRIA
ISRAEL
CYPRUS
LEBANON
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
AZER-BAIJAN
JORDAN
IRA
Q
PAKISTAN
NEPAL
THAILAND
M A L A Y S I A
PH
ILIP
PIN
ES
JAP
AN
I N D O N E S I A
LAO
S
BRUNEI
VIE
TN
AM
MYANMAR(BURMA)
Hainan
NO
RT
H K
OR
EA
BHUTAN
TAIWAN
CAMBODIA
BANGLA-DESH
AFGHANISTAN
TURKMEN
ISTAN
UZBEK
ISTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
INDIA
SAUDIARABIA
CHINA
S i b e ri a
KAZAKHSTAN
AFRICA
Tibet
SOUTH
KOREA
Rub al Khali(desert)
Taklimakan(desert)
Gobi (dese
rt)
SINGAPORE
RU
S S I A
ALASKA (U.S.)
EUROPE
AsiaCapital cities
Other cities
Mountain peaks
Great Wall of China
Key
See inset at left.
PAPUA
NEW
GUINEA
I N D O N E S I A
Celebes
New Guinea
71935 • © mmviii Pensacola Christian College • Not to be reproduced. Map 7A • Asia
c. 2000 B.C. Rise of Aegean civilization / Minoan civilization flourishes on Crete
c. 1900 B.C. Mycenaeans arrive in Greece
478 B.C. Beginning of Athenian Empire
30 B.C. Rome
conquers Ptolemaic Egypt / End of
Hellenistic Age
323 B.C. Death of Alexander the Great / beginning of Hellenistic Age
338 B.C. Conquest of Greece by Philip II of Macedonia /
establishment of Hellenic League
c. 1400 B.C. Minoan civilization
destroyed by Mycenaeansc. 1200 B.C. Trojan War
776 B.C. First Olympic games
c. 700 B.C. Beginning of Hellenic
(Classical) Age of Greece
c. 1100–800 B.C.
Dorian invasions / “Dark Ages” of Greece
490–479 B.C.
Greco-Persian Wars
431–404 B.C.
Peloponnesian War
461–429 B.C.
Rule of Pericles in Athens / “Golden Age of Greece”
2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
The Rise of Ancient Greece
The rugged and mountainous Balkan Peninsula extends into the Mediterranean Sea from southeastern Europe. On the east side are the Black Sea and the Aegean [ˆ¶j™Æèn] Sea, and on the west is the Ionian Sea. Ancient Greece occupied the southern portion of this peninsula and included many of the nearby islands. The Gulf of Corinth, which nearly divides mainland Greece in two, lies between the two prominent regions of ancient Greece—Attica and the Pelopon-nesus [p´læè¶pè¶n™Æsès].
1
1The Aegean Civilization
The earliest cultures of Europe developed along the shores and on the islands of the Aegean Sea and are known as the Aegean
HigHligHts
• RiseofAncientGreece • PoliticsofAncientGreece • ANewWorldEmpire • GreekCulture
The ancient Greeks excelled in poetry, politics, and philosophy and aspired to greatness in the arts, but they desired to exceed man’s limits and fell into the trap of humanism.
“Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools”
—romans 1:22
Greece:7 Home of Beautyc. 2000–30 B.C.
Chapter
Euboea
Límnos
Ba l k a n M o u n t a i n s
Rhodope Mountains
Pind
us M
ou
ntain
s
Sea of Marmara
Ae
ge
an
S
ea
D a n u b e
Olympus9,570 ft.
Korab9,068 ft.
Musala9,596 ft.
Gulf of Corinth
I on
i an
I sla
n
d s
Cy
cl a d e s
D
o d e c a n e s e
Cape Taínaron Kíthira
Zákinthos
Kárpathos
Náxos
Ándros
Sámos
Khíos
Lésvos
SamothrákiThásos
Skíros
Rhodes
Kefallinía
Kérkira (Corfu)
Crete
The Balkan Peninsula
62 Ch.7 Greece: Home of Beauty
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The New World’s First Republic 131
plot, Dr. Samuel Prescott became the third member of their party. To wake and warn the colonists, they shouted, “The British are coming!” The minutemen jumped out of their beds and prepared to fight.
The Shot Heard ’round the WorldWhen the British soldiers reached Lex-
ington, a group of minutemen was waiting for them on the town green. Suddenly, the sound of a gunshot shattered the silence at Lexington. No one knows who fired the first shot, but it started the American War for Independence and signaled the birth of American freedom. From this shot would come a struggle for liberty that the whole world would watch with interest as a new country would be born. Because that one shot changed history, it has come to be called the “shot heard ’round the world.”
After that first battle at Lexington, the British marched to Concord, where they found minutemen ready for battle. When the struggle had ended, the patriots had forced the British to retreat with severe losses. They could not even take the colo-nists’ stores of ammunition because the minutemen had removed most of the sup-ply already. With the battles of Lexington and Concord, the war had begun, but the
purpose of the war was still unclear. Were the colonists going to fight for their rights as British subjects, or were they going to fight for their independence?
Battle at Lexington Paul Revere rode through the night to warn the minutemen that the British were coming.
Identify 1. the law requiring most printed materi-
als to have a stamp or seal affixed to them proving that the purchasers had paid a special tax for the documents
2. the skirmish between a group of Bostonians and some British soldiers which resulted in the deaths of five of the colonists
3. the incident in which a band of colo-nists dressed like Mohawk Indians dumped tea into Boston Harbor in protest to Britain’s tax on tea
4. the meeting of colonists in Philadel-phia to request that Britain respect their rights as Englishmen
5. the battle location where the first shot in the American War for Inde-pendence was fired
Think 6. Why did the colonists feel that the
taxes imposed by Great Britain were unjust?
Comprehension Check 8B
George Washington 85
Time Line of Important Dates
Important Wordssurveyor—one who measures land and
draws mapssurrender—to give up or lose to an
enemyrepresentative—a person who speaks
or acts for others
Important NamesGeorge Washington—the first com-
mander in chief of the American army, the president of the meeting in which the United States Constitution was written, and the first President of the United States
French and Indian War—the war in which the English won the right to the American western frontier land
Declaration of Independence—the name of the paper written by Thomas Jefferson, which stated that Americans were free from the rule of the king of England
George Washington
1732–1799
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
1492Columbus discovers New World
1607Settlement of
Jamestown 1620Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock 1775–1783
War for Independence
1776Declaration of Independence
1789George Washington elected President
1860Abraham
Lincoln elected
President
1861–1865Civil War
1914–1918World War I
1939–1945World War II
George Washington1732–1799
The Dream of Young George Washington
To be a sailor in the British Royal Navy was a dream of the young George Washington. “Imagine me—Admiral Washington of the British Royal Navy!” he told his mother.
But his mother did not agree. She had heard stories of the rough life of sailors. She did not want that kind of life for her son.
“Besides, George,” she had said, “you are only fourteen years old. You are too young to leave your family.”
Mrs. Washington saw the disap-pointment on her son’s face. “If your
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