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Information TechnologyIT

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Types of computer

Personal computer (PC)

Laptop (portable computer)

Main frame computer

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)(mobile phone)

( )( )

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Personal Computer (PC)

Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by

the day

Typical users: Home user,Doctors , Education

:

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Mainframe Computer

Very powerfulcomputer and it often connected

to many individual PCs over network

Faster than PCs, used for processing large

amounts of data as salaries

Very expensive

Typical Users: Banks and Building societies, Insurance () :

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Laptop (portable computer)

Laptop as PC in capacity

It is portable computer

Expensive than PC

Typical Users: Business users

:

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Hardware: The term hardware refers to the

physical components of your computer such as

mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case),

RAM: ()

Software: is the collection of instruction that

make the computer work:

Hardware Software

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CPU (central processing unit) Is one of the most important components within your

computer.

. It determine how fast your computer will run and its

function is to process data .

, . Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZ-GHZ) (Hertz

measure the frequency (

- (( )-)

Hardware

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RAM (Random Access Memory)

Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile

// The operating system is loaded into the Ram when the

PC is switched on

The contents of Ram disappear when thePC is switched off

The contents of Ram change constantlyas the PC is

used

Computer Memory

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ROM (Read only memory)

Secondary memory / permanent or fixed/

It is a chip held on motherboard it contains software that isrequired to make your computer work withoperating system

The contents of Rom are fixedduring the

manufactureof the PC You cannot writeto this type of memory

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Input

device

Output

deviceC.P.U.

Main part

of

computer

Storage

device

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Input device

Keyboard

Mouse - trackball - touch Pad

light penScanner

Web came

Digital camera

Microphone

Joysticks

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Output deviceMonitor

Plotter (more complex drawing )

Speaker

Printer

Touch screen

Output & Input device

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Bit

Byte = 8 bit

Kilobyte = 1024 byte

Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte

Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte

Terabyte = 1024 giga byte

Storage Capacity

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Storage Devices

Hard disk 40---350Gb

fastest at accessing data CD 650---700Mb

Zip disk 100---750Mb

Floppy disk 1.44Mb

Tap Backup 2---100Gb

Slowest at accessing data

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Format Format is a special software (system file) added to

unformatteddisk so it can store data

:( (

All OSs not format disks in the same way

You can format a disk if it has been formatted

already Pre-formatteddisk can be used immediately to store

data

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Copying your computer files onto a separatestorage device

Keeping copies of data in two locations (to a

separate storage device)

Backup

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Computer performance Free space on Hard disk

Capacity of RAM

Speed of CPU Quality of equipments is installed on PC

Number of application running

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Software

Operating system Application

Sets up the look and

feel of your computer

interface

Control the hardwareand softwareof your

computer

You can run more than one at

the same time

This can be used to edit data

files

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Operating system

Collection of instructionsThat makes thecomputer work

Typesof Operating system/OS

Dos

Windows

UnixLinux

Mac

/

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Operating system main task

Start up the computer

Control all the Hardware

Enable other programs to run

GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by

using mouse

()

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Application Software

Word processing [creating lettersfaxes

Memosproducing catalogue containing

graphicsbusiness document]

Excel Spreadsheet [Chartsfinancial projectionworking with budgets ] Access database[sort large amount of information

creating list of contact details [

PowerPoint presentation [create overhead

projections slides]

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Accounting application[produce payroll

Stock control [ ] Web browsing [View web pages] Multimedia Application [Interactive]

learning Material and trainingmaterial]

Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper

& magazine layout]

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1. Analysis

2. Design

3. Programming

4. Testing

System development cycle

The developmentof computer based systems can

include a variety of steps , dependinglargely on the size and type of the application, but a

typical developmentpart includes : :

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Work group computing The idea of work group is that group of people

working together can share their resources with eachother. People within the work group can shareinformation on their hard disk as well as sharing

printers modems and scanners .

We can share files, disk storages, application, diskspaces

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Network

Two or more computers connecttogetherand allow PCs to Share

information (files), disk storageand

resources as (printers). ().()

1. Network by area

2. Network by user

3. Network by connection

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Network by area

LAN Local Area Network Is system of individual PC's are

connecting to gather within

company or organization. .

Authorized users can access anddata stored anywhere on a LAN.

. Large data files can be

transferred computers using aLAN.

WAN Wide Area Network

Allows pcs connect to

gather over a wide area

Type of network thatlinks computers in

different cities or

countries

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Intranet & Extranet

Intranet

An internal internet

using e-mail and web

within a singleoriginationand accessmembers of the same

company organization to

access it

Extranet

Internet between

organizationsand

allow external users toaccess it by username

and password.

Network by users

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Internet connection

PSTN: Public SwitchedTelephoneNetwork, digital line used for both voice & data

ISDN : Integrated ServiceDigitalNetwork, it is a digital line used for

both voice and data

ADSL: AsymmetricDigital Subscriber Line

Network by connection

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Internet

Globalcollection of networked computersall over the world

A wide Area networkof computers linked together No License is needed to publish material

Providing search for information

Providing service of e-mail [Electronic mail]

( ) E-commerce Note: A network that grew out of the work of the American

military:

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Requirements needed to

connect to internet Telephone line

ISP: [Internet Service Provider]

Modem [14.4 Kbps to56.6 Kbps] convert

digital and analog signals

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WWW(World Wide Web)

Refers to vast collection of linked documents. .

Small part of internet. .

A vast collectionof linked documents held on

computers all over the world .

Can accessed using a web browser. .

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E-commerce(Electronic commerce)

Buy or sell good and services onlineanywhere in the

world . The consumerrights of the suppliers country

apply. .

Its more difficult to return goodspurchasedonlinethan goods bought in a shop. .

You are at risk from insecure payment methods. .

T l ki

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Teleworking

work at home by using computers. .

Greater ability to focus on one task.

Reduce office desk space.

. Increase flexibility of working hours.

. Need self control.

. Makes it harder to socially interact with team

members.

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Computer in every day life

Business Administration Administer employee payroll Track invoices Manage payment record

Online Banking Check Balance )an accounts )

Transfer Founds

Apply for Loans

Computer in business

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Airline booking Check ticket availability Purchase tickets List customers dietary needs Check Time Table

Insurance Claims Processing Check policy Details Provide quotes for premium Analysis statistics to estimate premiums

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Computer in governmentPublic Information Income tax payment Television license payment Handle social welfare payment form

Public Record system Store census record Store passport detailVehicle registration listing

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Administration systems Public health warning Announce policy documents online Notify citizens with government decisions

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Computer in Hospital Patient record system Providing a medical database Medical History of patient Tracking treatment cost Establishing bed availability

Computers in Education Student register Computer Based Training[CBT] Distance learning system

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Computer & people

Computer

Can sort large amount

of data

Can carry out complexcalculation accurately

People

Customer service Taking decision Motivating the

staff

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Environment, Health&

safety Relation between worker and their environment

Chair : adjustable , able to move up or downScreen: 1) Eyesare at the same height as the top of

screen

2) Use filterattached to screen to reduce glare()Keyboard: Use Elbow and wrist supportFeet : Use foot padto rest the feetMouse: Uuse mouse mateto make mouse easier

Area is adequately light( ) and good ventilate(

Health Issues

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Health Issues Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking frequent breaks from

the work. ) ) Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a fully adjustable

operators chair ) )Environment or good use of computer

Reuse the cartridge toner Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power

() Dont waste paper () Precautions ()1. Use safety and suitable cable 2. Power point are not over load and are near to computer -2 3. No run cables across open areas -3- -4 4. Dont touching internal parts of the PC

S it

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Security

Password

Contain letters and number Change regularly

Ensures that the person logging on is who they say they are

ID (user name) Must be unique on the network

Identify specific user on the network

Not confidential

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Organization's Information

Security Policy PDA (Protect Data Act) Safe guard of individual privacy Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data Protect the individuals right to privacy

Obliges organizations to protect confidential datawithin their control

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Freeware& Shareware

Freeware freely available Software You can use it for free , you haven't pay for it

Shareware for trial period Software you can try it for free but you have to pay if

you need to keep it.

It is illegal if you copy and sell it.

Virus: program damage files or hard disk

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Good Antivirus Check virus everyday.

.Deletee_mail from unknown source.

.Putting a virus checkin a floppy drive.

.Regularlyvisiting the web sites of your anti

virus softwaresupplier. .Runninga virus check on an email attachment.

Virus: program damagefiles or hard disk:

Antivirus: can detectand disinfectVirus: ()