iter’s strategy for diagnostic data analysis fusion da… · • in dt phase, iter will operate...

3rd IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Data Processing, Validation and Analysis, Vienna, 28/5/2019

© 2019, ITER OrganizationIDM UID: YQNS5Q

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization

ITER’s Strategy for Diagnostic Data Analysis

S.D. Pinches

ITER Organization

The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization



ITER’s Strategy for Diagnostic Data Analysis

• Adopt best practices and recommendations from

community

• Achieve this through engagement and knowledge transfer:

– Fusion community (you!)

• Integrated Modelling Expert Group (IMEG), ITER Code Camps, ITPA

Topical Groups, ITER Scientist Fellows, ITER Operations Network,

ITER Project Associates,…

– Data scientists in wider scientific environment

• CERN, SKA, International Conference on Data Driven Plasma

Science,…

– Industry



Hierarchy of data analysis approaches foreseen

• Simple interpretation of individual measurements into

plasma parameters and their uncertainties

– Processing of individual (or selected) measurements

→ E.g. Magnetics-only equilibrium reconstruction

– Requires limited processing capabilities

→ Available soon after measurements made (during pulse)

• Integrated analysis of multiple measurements to deliver

more consistent interpretation

– E.g. Kinetically-constrained equilibria, interpretive transport analysis

– More significant computational cost (→ increased latency)

– Performed for limited number of time points



Hierarchy of data analysis approaches foreseen

• Rigorous inference with as few, but explicitly stated,

prior assumptions as possible delivering most objective

interpretation

– Computationally demanding

• Use of Machine Learning methods to recognize

events, behaviours and anomalies, and to create data-

driven models

– Depends upon large datasets for training

All of the above approaches are expected to undergo a

continual cycle of improvement during ITER operation



UPPER

PORT

(12 used)

EQUATORIAL

PORT

(6 used)

DIVERTOR PORT

(6 used)

DIVERTOR

CASSETTES

(16 used)

VESSEL WALL

(distributed

Systems)

ITER will have around 50 major diagnostic systems− For machine protection, control and physics studies

− Data volumes expected to reach up to 2.2 PB of raw data per day

Processing of data must be efficient: ITER will generate Big Data



ITER will produce Big Data: Volume Estimates

• In DT phase, ITER will operate for 16 out of 24 months

– 2 years × 52 weeks × 16 / 24 = 69 weeks every 2 years

• Operation consists of 2 shifts for 12 / 14 days

– 12 / 14 × 69 = 59 weeks of data producing days every 2 years

• Typically day expected to produce up to ~2.2 PB of raw data

– 2.2 PB × 59 × 7 / 2 = 0.45 EB / year of raw data

– Data processing and analysis will further increase volume, although

this is not expected to be significant

– Largest fraction of data is expected to be camera data



4-stage approach through to DT operation (2035) consistent with

Members’ financial and technical constraints

→ Staged installation and commissioning of diagnostics

Aim to extract maximum possible information from

available diagnostic set at each phase of ITER operation



More than halfway to First Plasma

Etc.

According to the stringent metrics that measure project performance, over 65 percent of the

"total construction work scope through First Plasma" is now complete.

The current progression rate is in the order of 0.7 % / month



Five-year progressApr. 2014 – Feb. 2019

More than 72% of the installation’s civil works are completed



Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization

Tokamak Bdg.

Assembly HallRadiofrequency Heating

Cryostat Workshop PF Coil Winding Facility

Diagnostics Bdg.

Cryoplant

400 kV Switchyard

Tritium Bdg.

Magnet Power Conversions Bdgs.

Bioshield

~ Machine axisCooling System

Worksite progress

25 March 2019

Preparation for Crane Hall



The bioshield is now finalized. Openings in the wall are for the cryostat bellows that will connect the machine to the port cells

designed to give access to systems such as remote handling, heating and diagnostics. The crown (right) that will support the

machine (23,000 tonnes) was finalized in August 2018. Painting is ongoing inside inside the assembly pit.

Tokamak Complex



Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB)

Beam Source and Beam Line components mfg./testing in progress

“Angled” plasma grid segments

first of a kind manufacturing



EU Tokamak Complex: Diagnostic (B74) Building

Painting and Finishing Complete up to Level 1

April 2019April 2018



Assembly Hall

Before being integrated in the machine, the components will be prepared and pre-assembled in this 6,000 m2, 60-metre high

building. The Assembly Hall is equipped with a double overhead travelling crane with a total lifting capacity of 1,500 tons.

Mechanical tests are ongoing on sub-assembly tool # 1 (SSAT-1) and assembly work is being finalized on SSAT-2.

SSAT-1SSAT-2



Cryoplant

4,500 tonnes of equipement (out of a total 4,800) are now installed in what will be the largest cryogenic unit in the world.



Electrical network

The connection to the

French grid (400 kV

network) is effective as of

26 January 2019



Electrical conversion

Two large Magnet Power Conversion buildings will host the

transformers and converters ( AC ► DC) feeding power to the

ITER magnets. Buildings were transferred from Europe to the

ITER Organization in April 2019.

The twin buildings are now ready for equipment. Electrical

components from China, Korea and Russia are being

progressively installed inside of the building as well as in

the exterior bays.



Lower

cylinder

Base

section

Upper

cylinder

Top lid

Manufactured in India, the 30 m x 30 m

cryostat (the insulating vacuum vessel

that encloses the machine) is being

assembled and welded on site. The

lower cylinder is now finalized; the base

section will be in July; segments for the

upper cylinder have arrived at ITER.

Cryostat workshop

Lower cylinder finalized Lower cylinder moved to storage

Base section



Too large to be transported by road, four of ITER’s six ring-shaped magnets (the

poloidal field coils, 17 to 24 m, in diametre) will be assembled on site by Europe in

this 12,000 m² facility. Resin impregnation ongoing for PF Coil # 5 (17 m. diametre,

~ 350 tonnes) and work has started on PF Coil # 2 (17 m. diametre, 204 tonnes)

PF Coil winding facility

PF # 5 PF # 2



ITER power will be partly

evacuated by cooling towers

(procured by India).

Heat rejection system



From fabrication…

Manufacturing of ITER components is taking place at the cutting edge of technology:

• Geometrical tolerances measured in millimetres for steel pieces up to 17 m tall weighing several

hundred tons

• Superconducting power lines cooled to minus 270 degrees Celsius

• Plasma facing components to withstand heat flux as large as 20 MW per m2

• Cryoplant cooling capacity up to 110 kW at 4.5 K; maximum cumulated liquefaction rate of 12,300 l/hr

• Etc.



…to Assembly preparation

In Spain, welding procedures and

techniques are being tested on a real-

size vacuum vessel mockup.

Late last year, the first machine

component (cryostat feedthrough) was

lowered into the Tokamak Pit.

At the uppermost concrete level of the

Tokamak Building, work is ongoing on the

support structures for the Crane Hall.

ITER Council Milestone #36 Diagnostics:➢ Manufacturing complete for the first IO Flux Loop to be installed on the first VV Sector(necessary for measuring magnetic field); due in Q4 2018 and achieved in August 2018



In parallel, need to start preparing for

diagnostic data analysis in ITER

• Require strictly managed, yet flexible, approach

– Complete provenance record for all processed data

• Detailed implementation of processes for combining

diagnostic contributions and validating measurements

currently at an early stage

• Infrastructure for supporting these activities maturing

→ Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite (IMAS)



IMAS for beginners

• The Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite (IMAS) is the

framework that will be used for all physics modelling

and analysis at ITER

• Builds around a standardized data representation that

can describe both experimental and simulation data for

any device

• Inclusion of machine description metadata allows

development and validation of workflows within ITER

Members’ programmes before deployment on ITER



IMAS Data Model (3.23.1)

amns_data

barometry

bolometer

charge_exchange

coils_non_axisymmetric

controllers

core_instant_changes

core_profiles

core_sources

core_transport

dataset_description

distribution_sources

distributions

ec_antennas

ece

edge_profiles

edge_sources

edge_transport

em_coupling

equilibrium

gas_injection

ic_antennas

interferometer

iron_core

lh_antennas

magnetics

mhd

mhd_linear

mse

nbi

neutron_diagnostic

ntms

pellets

pf_active

pf_passive

polarimeter

pulse_schedule

radiation

reflectometer_profile

sawteeth

sdn

soft_x_rays

spectrometer_visible

summary

temporary

thomson_scattering

tf

transport_solver_numerics

turbulence

wall

waves

Extension of Data Dictionary mainly through application to new Use Cases

and user feedback. For more details, see links from https://imas.iter.org.

https://imas.iter.org/



Data Provision with IMAS

• An IMAS Access Layer facilitates retrieving / passing IDSs

– Supports remote data access and mapping of experimental databases (not

necessarily ITER) into Data Model

• Allows workflows developed for ITER to be validated on today’s devices

• An IMAS Scenario Database has been constructed to support diagnostic

design and other project-related activities

– Initial focus on providing general equilibrium, core_profiles, and summary

IDSs for all scenarios foreseen in ITER Research Plan

• ITER only supports access to simulated ITER data through IMAS

– All data will be represented as IDSs

– Data shall never be removed, only appropriately marked (e.g. obsolete / void)

– Can “watch” a particular dataset to be informed of any changes



Scenario Database

• Populated by converting existing data and conducting new simulations

• Currently contains over 120 ITER scenarios covering all phases of the

ITER Research Plan (see https://www.iter.org/technical-reports)

https://www.iter.org/technical-reports



Summary

• ITER’s strategy based upon adoption of best practices

and recommendations from fusion community

• Recognized that relatively significant investment of

effort is needed to develop necessary diagnostic data

analysis workflows within IMAS

• The ITER Organization looks for a strong collaboration

with the data analysis community

→ Advise on best approaches to adopt

→ Provide example analysis workflows (ideally in IMAS)

→ Apply, validate, improve workflows for use on ITER

iter’s strategy for diagnostic data analysis fusion da… · • in dt phase, iter will operate...

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