itnv51 stundent-ppt ch7

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Introduction to Networks v5.1

Chapter 7:

Explore the Network

Instructor Name: Touch Ra

24,April 2016


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2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2

7.0 Introduction

7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses

7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses

7.3 Connectivity Verification

7.4 Summary


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Cisco Public 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4


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Dotted Decimal Address

Octets

32-Bit Address


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Decimal Positional Notation


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Applying Decimal Positional Notation


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Binary Positional Notation


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Applying Binary Positional Notation


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To convert a binary IPv4 address to its dotted decimal equivalent:

Divide the IPv4 address into four 8-bit octets. Apply the binary positional

value to the first octet binary number and calculate accordingly.

Repeat for each octet.


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The following illustrates how to use the binary positional value

table to convert decimal to binary.


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Continue to evaluate the decimal until all positional

values have been entered, which results in the

equivalent binary value.


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One portion of the 32 bit IPv4 address identifies the network, and another

portion identifies the host.


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Comparing the IP Address and the Subnet Mask

The 1s in the subnet mask identify the network portion while the

0s identify the host portion.


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Logical AND is the comparison of two bits.

ANDing between the IP address and the

subnet mask yields the network address.


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Shorthand method of identifying a subnet mask.

It is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask.

Written in slash notation, a / followed by the number of bitsset to 1.


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See VIDEO DEMONSTRATION


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UnicastBroadcast

Multicast


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Unicast communication is used for normal host-to-hostcommunication.

The unicast address applied to anend device is referred to as the hostaddress.

The source address of any packet is

always the unicast address of theoriginating host.


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A host sends a single packet to a selected set of hosts thatsubscribe to a multicast group.

The 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 range of addresses arereserved for multicast.


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Private Addresses:

10.0.0.0/8 or 10.0.0.0 to10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 /16 or 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255


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Loopback addresses127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254

Link-Local addresses or Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses169.254.0.0 /16 or169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254

TEST-NET addresses192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0to 192.0.2.255


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Formal name is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR, pronouncedcider).

Created a new set of standards that allowed service providers toallocate IPv4 addresses on any address bit boundary (prefix length)instead of only by a class A, B, or C address.


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The migration techniques can be divided into three categories: DualTack, Tunneling, and Translation.

Dual-stack allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network.Devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously.


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Tunneling is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet over anIPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated inside an IPv4packet.


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Translation: Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64) allowsIPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devicesusing a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4. An IPv6

packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa.


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Hextets 4 Hexadecimal digits = 16 binary digits

( t )


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(cont.)


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(cont.)


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Example 1

Example 2

Example 3


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Example 1

Example 2


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Example 3

Example 4


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There are three types of IPv6 addresses:

Unicast

Multicast

Anycast

Note: IPv6 does not have broadcast addresses.


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IPv6 does not use the dotted-decimal subnet mask notation.

Prefix length indicates the network portion of an IPv6 address using thefollowing format:

o IPv6 address /prefix length

o Prefix length can range from 0 to 128

o Typical prefix length is /64


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Uses of an IPv6 Link-local address


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Reading a Global Unicast Address


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EUI-64 Process


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EUI-64 Process

Randomly Generated Interface ID


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IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8.

There are two types of IPv6 multicast addresses:

o

Assigned multicasto Solicited node multicast


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ICMP messages common to both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 include:

o Host confirmation

o Destination or service unreachable

o Time exceeded

o Route redirection

Although IP is not a reliable protocol, the TCP/IP suite provides

for messages to be sent in the event of certain errors. They aresent using the services of ICMP.


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Thank you.

itnv51 stundent-ppt ch7

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