itr: information technology expeditions 0 contentsmike/nsf/ite/proposal.pdf · pill for core body...

Information Technology Expeditions

1 Summary 3

2 Description 4-20 Overview Expeditions + Information Technology 4 Background Prior IT Expeditions and their Results 5 Four New Expeditionary Thrusts and their IT Challenges 9 Key Program Components 18 Impact on IT Research and Beyond 19 Management Plan Expeditionary Alliance 20

3 References 21

4 Biographical Summaries 23

5 Summary Budget 26

6 Budget Justification 27

7 CurrentPending Support 29

8 FacilitiesEquipment 30

9 Supplementary Documents 31 (list of personnel)

Primary Contacts PI Michael Hawley mikemediamitedu 617-253-0649 co-PI Dan Fornari dfornariwhoiedu 508-289-2857

Kip Hodges kvhodgesmitedu 617-253-2927 Dave Gallo dgallowhoiedu 508-289-2545 Greg Marshall gmarshallngsorg 202-828-8030 Dr Ken Kamler jenjon5aolcom 718-591-6530

admin Christopher Newell cnewellmediamitedu 617-253-8380 fiscal Diane McLaughlin laughmitedu 617-253-4015 SRO Matthew Gardner gardnermitedu 617-253-6895

URL for contents of this proposal httpwwwmediamitedu~mikensfite

ITRContents0

1 SummaryITR

A new sense of climate MIT weather probe on Mt Everest Bombproof housing integrated sensor kit year-long battery ARGOS satellite link and internet client(photo M Lau)

A new sense of self ingestible radio pill for core body temperature moni-toring Part of wearableedible infra-structure for understanding human physiology ldquoon the hoofrdquo(photo W Chappell)


MIT proposes a new cross-cutting program of expeditions to propel

creative work in information technology We have incubated prior

fieldwork drawing heavily on the Media Labrsquos creative IT talents in places

such as the Himalaya Hawaii Iceland Greenland Antarctica and

Cambodia Such efforts have shed light on scientific areas including

geology climatology human physiology and plant ecology They have

exposed and explored new IT challenges in areas like embedded sensor

architectures self-organizing wireless mesh nets advanced media

systems and wearable biomedical monitoring systems

But expeditions like these tend to be the exception not the rule They typically occur in disjointed academic niches and are at best on the

fringe of IT research Yet for the teams involved such experiences can be

life-altering Powerful expeditions spur ingenuity across disciplines They drive new IT infrastructures across disparate field systems And they

expose opportunities in greater societal and ecological realms For these

reasons we harness expeditions as a more mainstream force for applied

IT research in ways that are expansive foster a highly synthetic skillset

and move far beyond conventional laboratory walls

To this end MIT proposes a 4-year $4m program of information

technology expeditions The work will be centered in a new Global

Opportunities office (GO) at MIT and directed by an expeditionary

alliance initially including uncommon (for IT) partners National

Geographic The Explorers Club Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

MITrsquos Earth Sciences Initiative and the Media Lab To begin four major

expeditions per year will be launched through these partnerships Each expeditionary track advances key facets of IT research and

integrates them with specific field sciences In addition the program

includes new university-wide ldquoExplorers Lecturesrdquo a symposium on

worldwide expeditionary work and outreach opportunities via

broadcast partners to ensure wide impact As a research thrust the MIT

GO Expedition program has a unique managerial charter to work

laterally across university disciplines but will aggressively drive IT

inventions as the core research priority The establishment of this

program will give MIT momentum to orchestrate its wider atlas of field

activities while also launching several bold and energetic field projects

ITR Information Technology Expeditions 3

4

Partner main web sites

MIT GO gomitedu

MIT Media Lab wwwmediamitedu

MIT Earth Systems Initiative webmiteduesi

National Geographic Society wwwngsorg

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution wwwwhoieduhome

Explorers Club wwwexplorersorg

New perspectives as seen in the Galapagos(photo MJHawley)

2 Description

Overview GO + Expeditions + Information Technology

This is a proposal for a four-year $4m thrust to create a new a cross-

cutting program of field expeditions as drivers for information

technology research Initially MITrsquos new GO (Global Opportunities) office

will engage an unusual amalgam of partners (National Geographic

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Explorers Club MITrsquos Earth

Sciences Initiative MITrsquos Media Lab) This alliance is uniquely capable of

launching bold expeditions that can systematically drive information

technologies beyond the walls of typical lab-bound research and can

carry IT work and IT workers into ecological and societal realms that are

expansive and place intense demands on technical ingenuity The program also creates a new series of university-wide ldquoGreat

Explorersrdquo lectures regular research meetings and hosts a major

symposium on world activities in these areas in year three If successful

these will be among the most rousing fresh steps on MITrsquos campus

Getting computer science out of the lab is not always easy And scientific

expeditions traditionally occur in disjoint academic pockets (almost

never in computer science departments) Due to tight budgets and the

plain difficulty of achieving ldquoescape velocityrdquo from a bustling campus

expeditionary work is relatively rare Modern expeditions of course draw

on all manner of computer-mediated instrumentation and all scientific

expeditions seek to gather information in more effective ways But very

few of them engage mainstream IT research energies with much force or

advance the IT field per se substantially Most expeditionary teams simply

donrsquot have access to top-notch IT facilities and people

Yet few pursuits fire up more intellectual adrenaline than a powerful

expedition By his own admission had he not lucked into a berth on the

HMS Beagle Charles Darwin would have luffed along to pursue a PhD in

his chosen field (Divinity) and might well have become Pastor Darwin

creationist Instead he visited Amazonia the Galapagos Tierra del

Fuego and more That three-year voyage was mindblowing Darwin is

not an isolated case And ours is an era in which pressing ecological

concerns and world social issues demand the most liberal and inspired

application of information technologies More than ever the world is our

IT laboratory Our proposed expeditionary program is designed to

provide strong incentives for cross disciplinary teams to engage a broad

array of IT research on tough real-world problems The impact mdash in

terms of stimulating new ideas in the field in stirring fresh energy and

inspiration among students in IT research in reorganizing university field

activities and in worldwide outreach mdash could be substantial

ITR Information Technology Expeditions

Proposed Expeditionary Thrusts

1 Advanced Media Systems National Geographic

2 Ecologic Sensor Arrays MIT Earth Systems

3 Deep Sea Visualization Woods Hole

4 Animal Communication Explorers Club

Key Program Components

1 Explorerrsquos Lectures

2 Meetings and world Symposium on expeditionary technologies

3 Core staff for GO

4 Expeditionary Alliance

Hawley home page wwwmediamitedu~mikeThings That Think tttmediamiteduCounter Intelligence wwwmediamiteduciMedia Lab Sponsors wwwmediamitedusponsorssponsorshtml

Wearable body monitors for marathon run Georeferenced sensor output (SF marathon)(photo W Chappell)

The next section Background traces some prior expeditionary steps

shows how they benefitted from and enriched the liberal array of IT skills

within the Media Lab and touches on advancements in both IT and non-

IT sciences We then outline Four New Expeditionary Thrusts and their

IT Challenges Each of these proposed expeditionary tracks is seen as a

ldquoforcing functionrdquo to push on different IT problems taken together the

partnerships and results could be highly synergistic Beyond piloting

new expeditions several other Key Program Components are required

to give the program a more substantial reach both at MIT and in wider

communities (via lectures symposia partner-driven broadcast media

and expansion steps) We conclude with probable Impact on IT

Research and Beyond As this is a medium-sized proposal and

organizes partnerships and activities that are different from typical IT

research the Management Plan and the development of the

Expeditionary Alliance are discussed

Background Prior IT Expeditions and their Results

Hawley the main proposer was instrumental in creating and leading a

number of major and minor consortium-driven IT research efforts at the

Media Lab Widely published and recognized they include Things That

Think (to explore the diffusion of IT into a vast array of everyday artifacts

and architectures) Toys of Tomorrow (to reinvent toys as a means for

advancing digital media and infrastructures creatively) and Counter

Intelligence (to invent new systems and applications of digital media in

the kitchen and in the household infrastructure) These programs drew

together about 75 corporate sponsors from notably eclectic industries In a sense these could be termed ldquoexpeditionaryrdquo for they involved a

startling array of creative technologies and applications (many of which

would be labeled ldquoout of box thinkingrdquo) and were often pursued far

beyond Cambridge It is not hard to imagine the diverse spectrum of IT

challenges that partners like Nike Disney Mattel Kraft Foods Procter amp

Gamble Motorola Swatch and the International Olympic Committee

bring to the table

Under these consortium auspices a handful of interesting field

expeditions were conducted For example in 1997 one of Hawleyrsquos

teams ran the Boston Marathon The runners were equipped with the

first generation of wearable body monitors This was one of the earliest

prototypes to demonstrate that notion and it helped to articulate a

number of challenges as well as possibilities Since then a multitude of

companies and academic teams have taken up the ldquobody netrdquo problem


6

Body sensors in use on Mt Everest K Kamler outfits climber Nimatashi Sherpa (photo M Hawley)

Computerized tandem for 3000-mile C2C ride

US Army Soldier monitoring system (photo M Redin)

Ski kinematic sensor system (photo M Hawley)

In 1998 together with the Boston Museum of Science NASA Yale and

members of the Explorers Club Hawleyrsquos group led some of the most

substantial scientific work on Mount Everest The expedition worked on

geology climatology physiology and telemedicine Efforts included

completion of the GPS summit survey with Trimble deployment of a

system of weather probes that transmitted daily climate data via ARGOS

satellite direct to internet feeds for close to a year and further steps in

building wearable body monitors in order to study the physiology of

climbers at altitude (Lau 1998) (Live video as well as internet service

was also established from Base Camp In those days this was something

of a technical feat Now it is de rigeur) Later that summer Hawleyrsquos

students instrumented bicycles with a suite of sensors (for human vital

signs bike measurements weather GPS) and rode them over 3000 miles

from Seattle to Cape Cod logging data the entire way At about the

same time the body monitoring systems used on Everest were field

tested with US Army rangers at Fort Benning GA Another student used

similar equipment to measure the performance of protective motorcycle

suits in European grand prix races And another built similar sensors into

jewelry with Harry Winston (a kind of expedition into haute couture)

These projects were well ldquooutside the boxrdquo of even our own eclectic

consortium research Nonetheless they invited technology challenges

(many of which have yet to be adequately resolved) and were

magnetically attractive to students and sponsors They pointed the way

In 1999 we began a focused $12my program sponsored by DARPA to invent new architectures for ldquoembedded sensor packsrdquo Much of our

experimental apparatus needed ensembles of sensors tethered into

nimble systems but we were plagued by inadequate infrastructures

Sensor networks did not exactly assemble like LEGOs

To exercise our new sensor network architectures we conducted a series

of field tests For example cross country skis were instrumented with

sensors to measure kinematics and efficiencies of skiing These were

tested in Iceland and Norway One of our students with a geology

background adapted the sensor architecture for use in a handheld tool

that combined mini GPS tiltmeters and a camera and took it to

Greenland to further a field survey of the eastern geological shield (see

webmitedudtfgwwwindexhtml) In January of 2001 Prof Hawleyrsquos

team partnered with Prof Kim Bridges at the University of Hawaii to

build and deploy Tephranet (Wheeler 2001) This was an innovative

network of eco-monitors to measure the environment around rare


Ember Corporation (embedded wireless nets) wwwembercom

Tephranet radio sensor nodes (photo MHawley) wwwmediamitedu~mikehawaiislides

Tephranet node (faux rock) in field test at Mauna Kea volcano craters (photo MHawley)

Internetworked schools in rural Cambodia (photo MHawley)

plants Nodes were camouflaged as rocks or tree stumps contained an

array of sensors (light moisture temperature etc) and used a new self-

organizing radio network to move the data around like a bucket brigade

This was a particularly successful experimental step it offered new

insights into plant biology prototyped an innovative form factor that

DARPA embraced and helped to map out an important new class of

micro radio networks (It also grew into an entrepreneurial success the

students who did that work are now very successfully running Ember

Corporation to pioneer these new embedded networking techniques)

In retrospect these early expeditions for the most part conducted on a

shoestring all helped to pull the fabric of digital infrastructures in new

directions But when we began we did not intend to mastermind a

series of expeditions In fact we were mostly doing other lab-related

projects The expeditions were creative tangents almost like a skunk

works The first designs for embedded sensor packs and self-organizing

wireless meshes and body monitors were done before those IT areas

emerged as discernible (now vogue) pursuits But importantly each step

was driven by a blunt field problem (measure the weather on Everest for

a year track a soldierrsquos physiology to prevent collapse due to exhaustion

find a way to monitor rare plants sparsely scattered around Volcanoes

National Park without spoiling the scenery etc) Many of these of course

drew on the confluence of IT themes and skills that were percolating

within Things That Think and the rest of the Media Lab In each case

though expeditionary pressures not only focused the development and pushed the technology into new domains They also exposed

generations of students to a plethora of ldquoreal worldrdquo challenges

As a byproduct of work on Everest for example students came to

understand the Sherpa culture in Nepal and the potential impact of rural

telemedical systems there Live classroom video links from base camp

brought the expedition into student hands at universities schools and

research meetings in the US ABC television (Peter Jennings Nightline)

relayed the expedition live to mass audiences Recent activity has

included emphasis on advanced digital photography techniques tested

in Bhutan and Cambodia where our IT researchers have had a first hand

look at extraordinarily different cultures and technology dynamics

We now propose to conduct this style of research in a more principled

way in part by forming a new center that can liberally mix information

technologies with many kinds of expeditionary needs Our thesis is that


8

the expeditionary mode of inquiry we stumbled into is timely will

continue to exercise IT innovation in surprising ways and will be a

stimulus for fresh ideas and partnerships This thesis was borne out in

April 2002 when we convened a working group at MIT to discuss steps

for building a more vigorous program of expeditions (httpgomitedu

agenda) Institutions present included Discovery Channel Discover

Magazine Woods Hole American Museum of Natural History Boston

Museum of Science National Geographic NOVA CBS News Earthship

Productions and several facets of MIT (Architecture Anthropology

Archaeology Ocean Engineering the Edgerton Center the Media Lab

etc) The consensus was unanimous Several participants echoed a point

made by Steve Petranek (the editor and publisher of Discover Magazine)

namely that most field projects are short on the sorts of IT skills that MIT

seems to have in abundance This suggests a natural symbiosis between

MIT and institutions that do frequent fieldwork But even basic incentives

to put IT researchers on regular expeditions were seen as invaluable

steps

All agreed that much as the Media Lab has explored human

communication and expression with a multitude of corporate partners

an array of diverse and synergistic expeditions will propel fresh and vital

innovations in information technologies taking them into new realms

With that background we propose four new expeditionary tracks


Four New Expeditionary Thrusts and their IT Challenges

The IT research core of this program is built around a series of disparate

but synergistic expeditions initially four per year that each push a

different technical area to combine IT and field science Each expedition

is conducted with a partner that already has a strong agenda and

capacities to address some of these problems

As the program develops more expeditionary projects will be added It

is anticipated that each expeditionary track will pursue additional

sponsorships when needed (in some cases including further NSF

proposals when distinctive research problems are appropriately suited to

NSF solicitations) It is also expected that many technologies piloted on

expeditions will be scaled up and applied as kits on future efforts For

instance the field photography work applies across all expeditions the

marine sensor work is relevant to much of the ldquowetrdquo work

If successful MITrsquos GO may emerge as the de facto ldquoexpedition

departmentrdquo a nexus to bring together many other expeditions and

creative technologies For example the National Geographic Society runs

over a hundred expeditions every year and GO once it is established

will offer access to an atlas of field opportunities and a wealth of creative

technologies and people They are one of many forceful consumers of

these new IT advances Discussions have been held with NOVA

Discovery Channel several major museums and aquariums etc

The first four pilot partners and IT areas are

1 National Geographic Advanced Expeditionary Media

2 MIT Earth Sciences Initiative Eco-Logic Sensor Networks

3 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Deep Sea Imaging

4 Explorers Club Whale Communication Sensor Network

We discuss each expeditionary track in turn flagging the broad goals IT-

specific challenges and expeditionary steps to be taken


10

GPS work with young monks in Bhutan wwwmediamitedu~mikeiCampuslfp

CritterCam in action (photo National Geographic) wwwnationalgeographiccomcrittercam

1 Advanced Expeditionary Media Crittercam and Beyond co-PI Greg Marshall National Geographic Society

Broad Goals Advance integration of photographic and sensing tools for

animal-borne video and data capture and general expeditionary use

increase the utility of integrated audioimagedata (AID) streams gain

fundamental insights into animal behavior (including non-marine

animals) and enrich the palette of expeditionary logging tools IT Specific Challenges solid-state ultraminiature video systems

integrated ensembles of sensors and imaging systems software

architecture for merging manipulating archiving and sharing combined

audio image and sensor metadata (AID) Expedition Steps Development of new systems in year one 2-3 field

deployments with new systems on National Geographic expeditions in

year two three and four Development of a documentary series to

elevate the expeditionary field work and share with broadcast audience

Assembling an accurate photographic record is vital for fieldwork Recent

digital cameras (many of which are more powerful by some measures

than laptop computers were a few years ago) are not only beginning to

surpass film cameras in image quality market quantity and immediacy

but are hubs of sophisticated digital systems and crucial on expeditions

They can do much more than take pictures Webcams put eyes on the

internet Image data formats are beginning to accommodate sensor

metadata For example cameras with GPS systems add a sense of place

to pictures MIT teams recently shot over 50000 GPS-tagged images

across Bhutan and are producing a new visual atlas of that country Many

kinds of data are recordable in both tightly and loosely coupled digital

camera systems Despite this most field science teams make only

marginal consumer-grade use of these devices Integrated AID (audioimagedata) streams remain awkward to archive and

annotate in the field And afterwards visual archives are rarely managed

well As a consequence most field projects leave spotty visual records

Cutting edge imagery is the hallmark of the National Geographic Society

Outstanding photographs embody the Geographic mission ldquoto increase

and diffuse geographic knowledgerdquo In turn National Geographic

expeditions have consistently advanced photographic technologies for

more than a century One of the most exciting innovations in the history

of National Geographic is an imaging system called Crittercam

Developed by marine biologist Greg Marshall Crittercam combines

video audio and environmental sensors in a small package that can be


CritterCam in 2001 (photo Henry Kaiser)

Monk Seals from live CritterCam video (National Geographic photo)

Deployment on sperm whale (photo National Geographic)

deployed on large marine animals like whales seals sharks and more to

deliver an animalrsquos point-of-view Over the last decade National

Geographicrsquos Remote Imaging program has collaborated with over 20

scientific groups worldwide on about three dozen species in over 300

deployments Crittercam allows us to see marine animal behavior over

time where human access is limited The results are unprecedented With

data from Crittercamrsquos on-board computer (dive depth water

temperature) these deployments reveal startling insights into foraging

reproduction social behavior and habitat use The data show how

animals behave in situ over time (Marshall 1998) This information is vital

to understand dynamics of marine life and in developing conservation

and management strategies (Parrish et al 2000)

To minimize the impact on animals while maximizing the return per

deployment Crittercam needs to be made smaller yet more powerful

Several steps are needed Existing tape systems must be replaced with

simpler smaller and lower-power solid state memory (think of an

ultramini video camera with no moving parts at all) to eliminate fragile

moving parts and increase robustness Crittercamrsquos sensor array must be

expanded to include compass velocity heartbeat salinity and possibly

GPS We have pioneered a terrestrial and avian prototype which uses

video and data transmission This too needs improvements (more

efficient power including solar optimized radio networks)

When separated from the ldquocritterrdquo Crittercam is essentially a digital

camera platform with an ensemble of sensors Development of these

systems is driven by the demands of animal-borne applications but we

will explore more general applications of the systems and data formats

The same platform and same formats of sensor data are fused into a

common soft format whether from high-end still photos and video

captured by expedition teams ultraminiature animal-borne probes or

low-end time-lapse environmental surveillance probes The combination

of high-quality imagery demanded by National Geographic productions

and the intense system requirements of instrumenting animals on the

go make this a strong thrust for improving the architecture and utility of

AID systems as a common denominator ingredient in field systems like

email or web page formats in the larger infrastructure

In conjunction with the fieldwork we will develop a series of films with

National Geographic to document the adventure of moving these

technologies into disparate cultures and environments and share the

results with a broadcast audience


12

MIT ESI homepage webmiteduesiindexhtml

Hodges MIT ESI page webmiteduesihtmlpeoplesubhodgeshtml

Prof Kip Hodges uses handheld geosensing tool

Yale School of Forestry Roatan page wwwyaleeduroatanindexhtm

2 Environmental Sensor Arrays for Ecosystems Research co-PI Prof Kip Hodges MIT Earth Atmospheric amp Planetary Sciences

Broad Goals Develop and deploy integrated sensor arrays for real-time

monitoring of changes in physical chemical and biological processes IT Challenges Fabricate inexpensive easily maintained environmental

sensors that work on land and underwater georeferencing of submarine

sensor data wireless sensors nets for real-time data transfer to end-users

efficient software architecture for data archiving and distribution Expeditionary Steps Field deployment of terrestrial and submarine

sensors on Roatan Honduras coordination with National Geographic

production facilities to document and publicize deployment

Effective stewardship of Earths environmental treasures requires a clear

understanding of the effects of human activities on ecosystem evolution

Unfortunately few fragile ecosystems are well-enough characterized to

permit informed assessments of human impacts As part of MITs Earth

System Initiative scientists are developing sensor systems that provide

the necessary environmental data This expeditionary track enables the

fabrication and deployment of sensor nets specifically made to monitor

the health of a coral reef ecosystem in the face of coastal development

Roatan is a small island off the Caribbean coast of Honduras that

happens to be surrounded by a spectacular series of near-shore fringing

reefs that represent part of the great Mesoamerican Reef Complex The reef annually attracts thousands of recreational divers and snorkelers

but Roatan had escaped much of the rampant development suffered by

other Caribbean islands In the last few years though there has been an

unprecedented development boom on the island that may have serious

consequences for the future health of the reef (Many of the factors are

outlined in a web site produced by Dr Gaboury Benoit and students

from the Yale School of Forestry as part of reconnaissance studies

associated with a project-based course Tropical Coastal Watersheds

Science and Policy) New construction focuses more on family homes than

resorts This distributes first-order environmental impacts related to

excavation and second-order impacts related to occupation (sewage for example) Such dilution might mitigate environmental damage but

weak zoning and construction regulations produces a chaotic situation

in which environmentally unsound building practices are the norm For example many newly constructed dwellings for lower-income

families (drawn to the island by work in service to the tourist trade)

release raw sewage into the ocean Recognizing this large projects have


MIT geology team at work in the field technology tent

been initiated to improve the situation like construction of a centralized

sewage treatment facility for Coxen Hole the largest town on the island

as part of a $235m Inter-American Bank program But the decentralized

nature of the environmental impacts makes it difficult to design an

effective mitigation strategy without a clearer understanding of the

geospatial nature of ecosystem responses to human activities

From an environmental science perspective Roatan provides a special

opportunity for environmental monitoring because large-scale

development began in the 1990s on the western end of the island near the towns of West End Sandy Bay and Coxen Hole and has slowly

progressed eastward As a consequence monitoring of ecosystem

dynamics in eastern Roatan where the population is very small and

most human activities are related to a small-scale and locally sustainable

fishing industry provides a ldquobaselinerdquo for comparison with ecosystem

dynamics near the extensively developed western end of Roatan

Understanding the local impact of human activity on coral reef

ecosystems is particularly challenging from an environmental sensing

perspective because land processes (erosion sediment transport

groundwater flow and surface water runoff ) have profound effects on

submarine biological chemical and physical processes Thus effective

characterization of the reef ecosystem requires coupled characterization

of the adjacent coastal watershed Sensor networks must be established

that provide real-time coordinated streams of ocean data (current water

chemistry acoustics optical properties temperature etc) earth surface

data (precipitation soil temperature soil moisture) stream data (water

chemistry flow rate sediment load) and atmospheric data over water

and land (temperature wind speed atmospheric chemistry humidity)

Many sensors can be built easily or purchased off the shelf the major

challenge is development of rugged systems for long-term deployment

A greater problem is how the data obtained will be spatially referenced

Conventional GPS technology can establish geospatial references for on-

land sensors but we envision a 3-D submarine deployment of ocean

sensors We are exploring options Our preliminary strategy is sonar to

triangulate sensor locations relative to ldquofixedrdquo buoys with GPS attached

An important aspect of this project is photodocumentation of the reef

complex and the development of a program to monitor physical

changes in the reef structure related to human activity We will adopt

technologies developed in the Advanced Expeditionary Media

component of this proposal


14

JASON2 deployment


Fornari home page wwwwhoieduWHOISciTechDirdaniel_j_fornarihtml

3 Visualization in the Deep Sea co-PI Dave Gallo Director of Special Projects WHOI Daniel Fornari Chief Scientist- Deep Submergence and Senior Scientist Geology and Geophysics Dept WHOI

Broad Goals visualization of deep-sea floor and biological communities

especially those around dynamic environments like seafloor eruption

sites and hydrothermal vents Live 3D imaging from remotely operated

vehicle (ROV) at sea in the lab for post-cruise analysis and for education

outreach to bring the deep ocean to K-12 students and the lay public Specific Challenges High quality still and video imaging systems

applicable to deep sea environments (up to ~6500m) operable from

fiber-optic tethered ROV systems such as Jason2 Hardware and software

to permit realtime 3D views of seafloor terrains by ROV pilots Expedition Steps 2-3 research expeditions per year Field tests on

science cruises as part of the ongoing effort to improve the imaging

capabilities of the system for the US academic community

Deep ocean science is poised to enter a new millennium characterized

by multidisciplinary cooperation Scientists of many stripes seek to

understand the complex linkages between physical chemical biological

and geological processes in the world oceans This has been spurred by

unprecedented advances in capacities of deep submergence vehicles

over the past two decades Marine scientists forecast that the next

decade will see even greater linkage across oceanographic disciplines a need to understand the temporal dimension of the processes being

studied and continued use of deep ocean submersibles and use of

newly developed remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous

underwater vehicles (AUVs) for conducting observatory based research

in the deep ocean and at the seafloor These approaches will enable

marine scientists to achieve a greater understanding of the factors that

influence global climate change and geochemical mass balance and to

grapple with understanding interrelated processes of crustal generation

evolution and transport of geochemical fluids in the crust and into the

oceans and origins and proliferation of life on Earth and beyond

Information technologies provide a vital role in all of the bridgework for

this But this expeditionary track concentrates on augmented sensory

perception for ROV control By way of contrast the submersible Alvin has

taken more scientific ldquoeyesrdquo to the deep seafloor than any other human-

occupied vehicle (HOV) in the world Since the 1970s the

groundbreaking accomplishments of scientists working in Alvin have


been often cited and Alvins capabilities and reliability continue to be

the standard by which HOVs are measured

The advent of increasingly capable ROVs and AUVs will provide greater

demand for novel approaches to imaging the deep sea floor and the use

of optical and computer-aided systems to create virtual environments

that will help ROV operators and scientists view their experimental sites

and the processes occurring there

In Alvin scientists are palpably aware of every movement and sensation

during a dive The perspective of looking directly out of Alvinrsquos viewports

are the seafloor is unsurpassed and essential ROV pilots need that same

sense of being therersquo Current ROVs strive to achieve this but the reality

is that no ROV provides a sense of telepresence that is even close For

example the human sightbalance system provides a keen sense of

position but ROVrsquos currently rely on changing numbers on the screen

that show compass indications Virtual reality in ROV systems may be

decades away but the work envisioned in this track of the proposal

seeks to make great advances in this area Time at sea is expensive and a

fully engaged researcher making observations and sampling on the

seafloor is more effective and accomplishes much more For instance

complex sampling procedures conducted by an Alvin pilot directed by

an observer typically take much less time than the equivalent operation

from an ROV So the main thrust of our proposed work is to build better

telepresence links for ROV systems The technical work plan here requires some redesign of ROV sensor

networks and a much more effective coupling of them to a 3-D visual

database Essentially incoming ROV data needs to feed into a 3-D

environmental database The sensor nets and display systems used here

are expected to overlap somewhat with the systems proposed for

Roatan reef studies above both areas for example require an accurate

geospatial sense and the mapping of a visual database around it The

ROV work will be exercised on several of the expeditions conducted by

the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as soon as systems are field-

ready As the systems mature they can be channeled through the ldquoDive

and Discoverrdquo web site (wwwdivediscoverwhoiedu) and other Woods

Hole outreach channels in order to reach much wider audiences of

classrooms museumgoers and academic scientists


16


Hawairsquoi Marine Mammal Consortium wwwhmmcorg

Marine Mammal Consortium proposal for whaleresearch wwwmediamitedu~mikensfiteHMMC_acousticsd

Humpback whale breaching off Kohala coast(see wwwmediamitedu~mikeitensffrankelpdf)

4 Humpback Whale Communication on the Kohala Coast co-PI Dr Ken Kamler VP Research amp Education Explorers Club

Broad Goals improved understanding of humpback whale vocalizations

along the Kohala Coast of Hawairsquoi audio archives that include correlated

sensor data (GPS environmental conditions) extension to other species IT Challenges implement hydrophone-based sensor buoy network for

acoustically tracking whales build archive correlating recorded audio in

concert with affiliated environmental sensor data Expeditionary Steps scouting in year one two deployments in year two

for ongoing observation of pods off the northwest coast of the island of

Hawairsquoi (near the Old Ruins at 20deg 4925 N 155deg 51795rsquo)

Understanding animal communication poses intriguing challenges to IT

research Bioacoustic signals and songs range from low-frequency

subaudible messages (as in elephants and some whales) to ultrasonic

chirps (as in bats and dolphins) They are used for mating marking

territory alarms and echolocation The signal lexicon can be

extraordinarily complex the Superb Lyrebird can mimic the sounds of over

50 different bird species as well as the sounds of car alarms chainsaws

camera shutters and cellular phones Even if a computer could understand

animal messages like Dr Dolittle it would be perplexed by the lyrebird

People are

This expeditionary track starts work on bioacoustic animal communication

with studies of humpback whale vocalization using both shore- and

marine-based sensors with partners from the Explorers Club and from the

Hawairsquoi Marine Mammal Consortium (HMMC) Whale vocalizations are rich

and varied They contain signatures characteristic of individual animals as

well as family pods But whale singers also seem to indicate seasonal

variations The ocean is a noisy place particularly with increased boating

traffic and it is thought (not without controversy) that changes in the

ocean auditory soundscape are reflected by whale singers (Bauer 1986)

For example in the presence of vessel traffic their songs appear to be

longer perhaps akin to people raising their voices in a noisy cocktail party

But it is also likely that the songs correlate with other events (ocean

conditions food sources intruding animals etc) Until a sufficient base of

environmental data is archived with the audio and location tracks these

correlations can not be discovered or assessed robustly But it seems

plausible that changes in singing patterns over time could be indicative of

many sorts of environmental alterations

The HMMC is engaged in ongoing scientific research that surveys the

population of humpack whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the sanctuary

o


Shore station and sonobuoy locations off Kohala

Locations of whale singers

waters along the Kohala coast off the north shore of Hawairsquoi One of the

principal researchers there and the liaison for Explorers Club efforts

Adam Frankel has published extensively on the ongoing survey of the

whale pods which includes shore-based visual scans acoustic studies

assessment of population (via photography) etc In addition to

traditional scientific publishing these survey activities engage

community and school groups (including the West Hawairsquoi Community

College) through participation in the survey activities For example the

HMMCrsquos shore station is well known to local residents and lets them

watch and listen to whales Boat-based visual surveys are also done (eg

photographing and identifying individuals from their flukes) From a

technological standpoint the current system includes a theodolite with

laptop interface for marking visual readings from the shore and a small

network of four hydrophones spaced at 1km intervals The hydrophones

transmit audio to shore-based receivers Time-of-arrival delays can be

used to reckon animal positions The cross-correlation procedure can

locate sounds from many different animals even when several are

vocalizing simultaneously (Clark et al 1986 Frankel et al 1989)

It has for some time been desired to couple MIT engineering skills to this

survey and explore broader partnerships (for example with the Cornell

bioacoustics research program) We will first focus on building an

improved network of sonobuoys The technology here has aspects in

common with all of the other areas (Crittercam research environmental

monitoring work for Roatan and WHOI deep submergence ROVrsquos) A

significantly improved network of sonobuoys will be built to record

transmit and archive audioimagedata streams covering a long period

of time The need for these steps is easily seen For example the current

sonobuoys are not GPS-equipped but the acoustic data clearly needs to

be georeferenced The goal in years two and three is begin building a

much enriched data archive that includes not just sound but imagery

and affiliated environmental data so that meaningful correlations

between whale singing and environmental conditions can be

discovered

This work begins with site visits in Hawairsquoi in the first year to assess the

current state of the surveying apparatus We will design and develop a

new implementation of the sonobuoy system in the first year and will

begin deployment in the second year



Explorers Lectures

In April 2002 GO organized a special institute-wide lecture given by

Bradford and Barbara Washburn Brad is the founding director of Bostonrsquos Museum of Science the cartographer who mapped Everest the

Grand Canyon McKinley and a pioneer of aerial photography Now in his

90rsquos he is one of the worldrsquos greatest living explorers Barbara the first

woman to climb McKinley has worked with Brad since the 1930rsquos The Washburns are living national treasures Their lecture was given to an overflow crowd and standing ovation in MITrsquos largest lecture hall It is seen as a model for what the series of great explorer lectures can be

We envision two to three such lectures per academic term given by the

worldrsquos pre-eminent explorers We have ldquopre-invitedrdquo individuals like

oceanographers Sylvia Earle and Bob Ballard filmmakers James Cameron

and David Breashears renowned photographers Frans Lanting and Peter

Menzel MIT has a special power to convene audiences for such events

but the lectures which are for MIT at large will be opened to the broader

public and will be standout events for students from every field

Meetings and Symposia

One research review meeting will be conducted every academic term by the partners to review ongoing

progress These meetings will occur in mid-term and will include a portion focused on MIT originated work as well as a portion that engages new groups from other institutions or new sponsors active in expeditions In addition at the time of each Explorers Lecture there will be a meeting of the Expeditionary Alliance that

oversees this program in order to check progress in ldquoboard of directorsrdquo style In year three of the program MIT will convene a major symposium (1500+ attendees) on world activities in these areas

Core Staff

Michael Hawley (Director of Special Projects) and Christopher Newell (Expedition Coordinator) will be dedicated

full time to running this program along with (initially) 1-2 graduate research assistants and a team of

undergraduates One special project seminar on expeditionary technologies will be conducted ongoing in

order to continually develop eclectic information technologies for use on various expeditions


Impact on IT Research and Beyond

New Infrastructures

IT results are expected to include progress in hardware and software for ecological monitoring animal

behavior understanding and expeditionary photography These require implementations that are both

marine and terrestrial mobile and fixed The chief software goal is a ldquosensiblerdquo framework that really does

effectively fuse multimodal streams of sensor information (audio imagery and environmental information)

Student Careers Service Learning

MIT is moving to free students from lockstep classwork The iCampus and OpenCourseware initiatives are

efforts to liberate the curriculum It should be possible for example for MIT students to do fieldwork while

ldquotuning inrdquo to their coursework online But MIT like most schools depends heavily in classrooms with few

incentives to embark on fieldwork A vigorous expeditionary center would clearly impact that mix Students

need opportunities to be immersed in service-oriented learning MIT has a startup program in precisely this

vein (webmitedumitpscservlearn) But looking at the larger picture consider the Peace Corps (Hawley

2001) It is now about 10000 individuals (smaller than in 1965 and a reflection of weaker ties to other

countries) in roughly equal parts medical educational and business people A small demographic sliver

(5) is ldquootherrdquo and includes engineers and scientists Not long ago the New York Times announced ldquoDot

Com Bust is Peace Corpsrsquo Boomrdquo Indeed there has been an upswing in technology activism But we expect

strong steps in expeditionary sciences will open up a much broader catalog of options for combining

scientific and humanitarian interests

University Organization

If successful this effort will have a strong impact on MITrsquos organization akin to the UROP (undergraduate

research program) Many if not most departments do fieldwork all of them could benefit from the

synergies of a more active and organized transdisciplinary center for expeditions especially since few of

them maintain much infrastructure to run expeditions well

World Exposure

World exposure has several senses First the IT teams doing fieldwork are per force exposed to radically

different ecologies and cultures The expeditionary process brings teams and technologies into parts of the

world that are still relatively untouched and it necessarily exposes regional leaders to the technologies

people and inquiries involved For instance in Bhutan and Cambodia we naturally have worked very

closely with royal families government ministries academics business partners and education leaders But the presence of an active stable of expeditions organized as such also elevates that atlas of activities

for exposure not only to MITrsquos local community but to the greater community of sponsors industries and

governments that engage with MIT on its many missions The information technologies that convey and

pool this expeditionary work from live field systems to on-campus web channels are needless to say

essential The meeting schedule building to the first world symposium on expeditionary technologies in

2004 aims at this kind of world reach Finally the engagement of broadcast media partners (National

Geographic being the first though conversations have begun with NOVA Discovery and other partners

like the Boston Museum of Science) builds a process by which results are conveyed to the greater public


Management Plan GO and the Expeditionary Alliance Harnessing the Atlas of MIT Field Work

As part of this effort MIT is forming an Expeditionary Alliance to advise and direct work Initially the alliance

will be composed of expeditionary partners (National Geographic Explorers Club Woods Hole MIT) We have held preliminary discussions with many others (NOVA Discovery American Museum of Natural

History NASA etc) MITrsquos potential in convening this sort of working group is nonpareil Each of the alliance

members has significant expeditions underway and part of the process of working with the alliance involves

pooling the many field challenges to uncover best opportunities for innovative IT applications We are not

aware of any comparable group or consortium for doing this Alliance members will review expeditions

underway and like a board of directors will work to strengthen these efforts This is a key step

Each expedition is championed by a strong external partner and managed internally by a dedicated

research assistant andor MIT faculty member Science especially in the field doesnrsquot always work right the

first time Not all expeditions succeed Failures can be disastrous setbacks The strategy of running different

expeditions with different partners balances the risks But it also is a means of exercising variations in the

technologies or simply trying one invention in manifold circumstances The concurrent expeditionary tracks

are thus important for ensuring robustness

The combined elements of the program (the Expeditionary Alliance the Explorers Lectures the plurality of

expeditionary tracks the research meetings and symposia the availability of broadcast impact) and its

transdisciplinary design will make it an exciting and very visible activity at MIT as well as a lively step for the

IT field in general The GO program is naturally positioned to engage with the multitude of other MIT field

activities There are certainly many but there is no coordinative facility for them Harnessing the larger ldquoatlasrdquo

of MIT fieldwork is an important goal for GO From the standpoint of IT research in the end it is likely that a

large number of expeditions will leverage a small number of innovations Our approach is simply to take

every smart step to build the critical mass of activity that can ensure liberal and vigorous generation and

testing and sharing of IT innovations

As the program grows we expect to add more expeditions For example industrial sponsors are often

attracted by hands-on work and rugged field tests These will certainly be added as we progress The notion

of who participates on expeditions can be flexible For instance the catalog of expeditions can be opened to

MIT alumniae as a kind of field internship This model could be self-sustaining Organizations like

Earthwatch (wwwearthwatchorg) have demonstrated a working symbiosis of field science and adventure

tourism their tours allow travellers to join expeditions as participants Fees from the travellers in part help to

support the field science Steps like these could enlarge our expeditionary catalog effectively pulling the

science and in particular the information science into many new veins

In the course of running field expeditions one naturally partners with regional academics who have on-site

expertise For instance these have included University of Hawairsquoi (Prof Kim Bridges) for work on Tephranet

and will include the Bay Islands Conservation Association (BICA) and local schools in Roatan the Hawairsquoi

marine mammal consortium faculty at Sherubtse college in Trashigang Bhutan and others These

affiliations are vital and are developed with care on a per-expedition basis


References3

Primary Partner Web Links

Hawley web page wwwmediamitedu~mike MIT GO gomitedu MIT Earth Systems Initiative webmiteduesi MIT Media Lab wwwmediamitedu Explorers Club wwwexplorersorg National Geographic Society wwwngsorg Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution wwwwhoieduhome

Relevant Papers and Media

Bauer G B The behavior of humpback whales in Hawaii and modification of behavior induced by human interventions PhD

Dissertation University of Hawaii Honolulu 1986

Cerchio S and CM Gabriele Movements of Humpback Whales between Kauai and Hawairsquoi 1989-1991 Report to the NOAA

Sanctuaries and Reserves Division Honolulu Hawairsquoi 20 pp 1994

Clark CW and Clark JM Sound playback experiments with southern right whales Science 207 663-665 1980

Cochran J R D J Fornari et al Continuous near-bottom gravity measurements made with a BGM-3 gravimeter in DSV Alvin on the

East Pacific Rise crest near 9_30N and 9_50N J Geophys Res 104 10841-10861 1999

Fornari DJ Haymon et al Geological Characteristics and Evolution of the Axial Zone on Fast Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges Formation

of an Axial Summit Trough along the East Pacific Rise 9_-10_ N J Geophys Res 103 9827-9855 1998 Fornari DJ T Shank et al Time-Series Temperature Measurements at High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vents East Pacific Rise 9_ 49rsquo-

51rsquoN Monitoring a Crustal Cracking Event Earth Planet Sci Lett 160 419-431 1998

Frankel A S Acoustic and Visual Tracking reveals distribution song variability and social roles of humpback whales in Hawaiian

waters University of Hawairsquoi Department of Oceanography Doctoral Dissertation 1994 Frankel A S et al Determining auditory thresholds in free-ranging cetaceans using biologically meaningful sound In R A Kastilian

et al Sensory processes of aquatic animals pp 55-70 Woerden Netherlands De Spil Publishers 1995 Frankel A S et al Spatial Distribution Habitat Utilization and Social Interactions of Humpback Whales Megaptera novaeangliae off

Hawaii determined using Acoustic and Visual Techniques Can J Zool 73 1134-1146 1995 Frankel A S and LM Herman Sound playback experiments with humpback whales in Hawaiian waters Seventh Biennial

Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals Presentation 1987 Frankel A S Clark CW Results of low-frequency playback of M-sequence noise to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in

Hawaii Can J Zool 76(3)521-535 1998

Gabriele CM Frankel AS et al Summary of Winter 2001 Shore-based Monitoring of Humpback Whales HMMC Final Report to the

Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary 726 S Kihei Rd Kihei HI 96753 2001

Gregg TKP D J Fornari et al Using submarine lava pillars to record eruption dynamics Earth Planet Sci Lett 178 195-214 2000

Hawley M J Wired Kingdom Technology Review March 2001 Hawley M J A Technology Corps Technology Review November 2001

Helweg D A Frankel et al Humpback whale song Our current understanding In J A Thomas et al Sensory abilities of aquatic

mammals pp 459-483 New York Plenum Press 1992

Hodges KV et al Southward Extrusion of Tibetan Crust and its Effect Tectonics v 20 p 799-809 2001 Hodges K V et al Neotectonics of the Thakkhola Graben and implications for Recent activity on the South Tibetan Fault System in

the central Nepalese Himalaya Geological Society of America Bulletin v113 p 222-240 2001 Hodges K V Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet Geological Soc of America Bulletin v 112 p 324-350 2000 Hodges K et al M Evidence for rapid displacement on Himalayan normal faults and the importance of tectonic denudation in the

evolution of mountain ranges Geology v 26 p 483-486 1998


Hodges K V et al Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna Range Nepalese Himalayas Tectonics v 15 p 1264-1291 1996 Hodges KV in press Geochronology and Thermochronology in Orogenic Systems in Rudnick RL ed Treatise on Geochemistry The

Crust Volume 3 Amsterdam Elsevier Science

Kurras G DJ Fornari and M H Edwards Volcanic morphology of the East Pacific Rise crest 9_49rsquo-52rsquoN Implications for extrusion at

fast spreading mid-ocean ridges Mar Geophys Res 21 23-41 2000

Hodges K V 40Ar39Ar geochronology using the laser microprobe in McKibben et al Reviews in Economic Geology 7 Applications

of Microanalytical Techniques Tuscaloosa AL Soc of Economic Geologists p 53-72 1998 Hodges K V The thermodynamics of Himalayan orogenesis in Treloar P J and OBrien P eds What Drives Metamorphism and

Metamorphic Reactions London Geological Society p 7-22 1998 Hodges K V Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science v 19 p 207-236 1991

F A Parrish K Abernathy G M Marshall and B M Buhleier Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) foraging in deepwater

coral beds Marine Mammal Science 18 244-258 2002

Kamler K Expedition Medicine in Expeditions Seminar November 1985 Kamler K Measuring the Roof of the World in The Explorers Journal June 1995 Kamler K They were the Hands of a Dead Man in Everest Mountain WIthout Mercy National Geographic Books 1997 Kamler K Doctor on Everest (book) published by the Lyons Press November 2000 Kamler K Surviving the Extremes (book) published by Saint Martinrsquos Press fall 2003

Lau M GeoPak monitoring Climbers and Climate on Mount Everest MIT SM Thesis 1998

Marshall G Crittercam Animal Borne Imaging and Data Logging System Journal of the Marine Technology Society 1998 Marshall G Tiger Shark a one-hour natural history documentary for National Geographic Explorer television 2000

Mills H 1996 Aardvark computer software Bioacoustics Research Laboratory Cornell University

Parrish F A Craig M P Ragen T J Marshall G J Buhleier B M Identifying Diurnal Foraging Habitat of Endangered Hawaiian

Monk Seals Using aSeal-Mounted Video Camera Marine Mammal Science 16(2)392-412 2000

Perfit MR JR Cann DJ Fornari et al Steam at magmatic temperatures trapped in active lava Nature (submitted)

P J Ponganis R P Van Dam G Marshall T Knower and D H Levenson Sub-Ice Foraging Behavior of Emperor Penguins The

Journal of Experimental Biology 2033275-3278 2000

Poor R Embedded Networks Pervasive Low-Power Wireless Connectivity MIT PhD Thesis 2001

Richardson WJ and B Wuumlrsig (1995) Significance of Responses and Noise Impacts In Marine Mammals and Noise WJ

Richardson et al Academic Press San Diego CA

Scheirer D S D J Fornari et al High-Resolution Seafloor Mapping Using the DSL-120 Sonar System Quantitative Assessment of

Sidescan and Phase-Bathymetry Data from the Lucky Strike Segment Mar Geophys Res 21 121-142 2000

Schouten H MA Tivey DJ Fornari and JR Cochran Central Anomaly Magnetization High Constraints on the volcanic

construction and architecture of seismic layer 2A Earth Planet Sci Lett 169 37-50 1999

Shank TM Fornari DJ et al Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Biological Community Development at Nascent Deep-Sea

Hydrothermal Vents along the East Pacific Rise 9_ 496N - 9_ 504N Deep Sea Research II 45 465-515 1998

Sohn R Fornari DJ et al Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a propagating cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9_

50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998

Straley JM and CM Gabriele Humpback Whales of Southeastern Alaska Humpback whale fluke identification catalog National

Park Service Gustavus Alaska 106 pp 1997

Viskupic K and Hodges KV Monazite-xenotime thermochronometry methodology and an example from the Nepalese Himalaya

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v 141 p 233-247 2001

Wheeler A TephraNet Wireless Self-Organizing Platform for Environmental Sensing MIT SM Thesis 2001 (httpwebmediamitedu~miketheseswheelerpdf )


Biographical Summaries4

D Fornari D Gallo M Hawley K Hodges K Kamler G Marshall (Publication citations are collected in References section)

Dr David G Gallo (dgallowhoiedu 508-289-2545)

Twice a recipient of Computerworld Smithsonian Awards (including the award for heroism in information

technology) and recipient of the Joseph J Conley Medal WHOI Director of Special Projects Gallo has led

expeditions to survey the Titanic has extensive experience across the film entertainment education and

business industries and has keynoted in venues ranging from science museums to the Bohemian Grove

Professional Preparation 1983-1993 University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography PhD in Oceanography 1979-1983 State University of New York (Albany) MS Geology 1976-1979 State University of New York (Albany) BS Geology Employment 1998-present Director of Special Communications Projects Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1994-1998 Director of Foundation Relations WHOI 1992-1994 Director of Corporate Programs WHOI 1987-1992 Assistant Director Center for Marine Exploration WHOI Synergistic Activities Participant in numerous oceanographic expeditions using a wide range of tools including swath-mapping bathymetry

towed sonar and cameras remotely operated vehicles and submersibles Diver in DSV ALVIN One of first to utilize

multi-sensor seafloor mapping techniques Ongoing participation in Discovery Channel ocean science documentaries

Board of Advisors Woods Hole Film Festival

Daniel John Fornari (dfornariwhoiedu 508-289-2857)

WHOI Chief Scientist for deep submergence work Fornari is a marine biologist with three decades of field

experience In the last five years he has worked on nine major science cruises in the Pacific performing hundreds

of surveys with extensive ROV and HOW dive work

Professional Preparation 1973-1978 Columbia University MA in Geology MPhil in Marine Geology PhD in Marine Geology 1968-1972 University of Wisconsin (Madison) BABS Geology with Honors Employment 2002-present W Van Alan Clark Senior Scientist Chair WHOI 1998-present Senior Scientist Geology amp Geophysics Dept WHOI amp Chief Scientist for Deep Submergence 1993-1998 Assoc Scientist wtenure amp Chief Scientist for Deep Submergence WHOI 1991-1993 Senior Staff Associate Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University 1989-1991 Assoc Res Scientist Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Current Scientific Panels and Committees US Deep Submergence Science Committee US AcademicNAVOCEANO Gravimeter Committee (Chair) Ridge2000 Steering Committee Synergistic Activities Train undergraduates as part of WHOI Summer Fellowship program Cultivates Dive and Discover web site (http

sciencewhoieduDiveDiscover) an NSF-AFGE funded learning project for middle school students and the general

public Compiler and editor of ldquo25th Anniversary of Hydrothermal Ventsrdquo an educational CD Current efforts focus on

informing the research community and general public about the importance of basic research and engineering issues

in deep submergence work


Michael Hawley (httpwwwmediamitedu~mike mikemediamitedu 617-253-0649)

MIT Director of Special Projects formerly the Dreyfoos professor of Media Technology Hawley invents embedded

digital systems and has field-tested these in climates ranging from Mount Everest to the Kilauea craters of

Hawaii He has given hundreds of public lectures on six continents on the limits and potentials of digital systems

Professional Preparation 1993 Massachusetts Institute of Technology PhD Media Arts and Sciences 1983 Yale University BABS Electrical Engineering Music Employment 2002-present Director of Special Projects MIT Overseeing new expeditionary thrust 2000-2001 Columnist Technology Review Magazine 1995-2001 Assistant Professor MIT Media Lab Directed research on embedded digital media 1993-1995 Assistant Professor MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1987-1993 Software Engineer NeXT (Palo Alto) Designed workstations for higher education 1984-1986 Scientist Lucasfilm Ltd (San Rafael) Pioneering work in digital cinema 1983-1984 Research Scientist IRCAM (Paris) Early research in computer music digital audio 1979-1983 Researcher Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill) Cognitive factors in manmachine interfaces Graduate Students (with Degree and Year Awarded) W Ju (SM 2001) A Smith (SM 2001) A Wheeler (MEng 2001) WChan (SM 2001) JKaufman (MEng 2001) RPoor

(PhD 2001) JKaye (SM 2001) KHeaton (SM2000) MDebski (MEng2000) MLau (SM 2000) MRedin (SM 1999)

BGeilfuss (SM1999) MKGray (SM1999) ORoup (SM 1999) MLau (1998 MEng) MTuteja (1998PhD) SGray

(MEng1998) GBoissiere (SM1998) MRedin (MEng1998)RPoor (SM1997) AFu (SM 1996) RSilvers (SM 1996)

KV Hodges (www-eapsmiteduresearchHodges kvhodgesmitedu 617-253-2927)

MIT Professor of Geology Dean of Undergraduate Curriculum MacVicar Faculty Fellow co-director MIT Earth

Systems Initiative Hodges studies the evolution of mountain systems in natural laboratories from Greenland to

the Himalaya He lectures widely on mountain geology and ecology

Professional Preparation 1982 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Geology PhD 1978 U North Carolina at Chapel Hill Geology BS (Highest Honors) Employment 2002-present Co-Director MIT Earth System Initiative 1993-present Professor MIT 1997-1999 Dean for Undergraduate Curriculum MIT 1987-1993 Associate Professor MIT (Tenured 1990) 1983-1987 Assistant Professor MIT 1982-1983 Assistant Professor University of Wyoming Graduate Students (with Degree and Year Awarded) DM Blevins (MS 1984) M Harding (MS 1987) S Saltzer (MS 1986) J Stock (PhD 1988) M Hubbard (PhD 1988)

J Knapp (PhD 1988) L McKenna (PhD 1990) D Silverberg (PhD 1990) B Saylor (MS 1991) A Macfarlane (PhD

1992) D Applegate (PhD 1994) E Dotson (MS 1994) M House (PhD 1995) M Coleman (PhD 1996) A Friedrich

(PhD 1998) A Huerta (PhD 1998) A White (PhD 2001) J Hurtado Jr (PhD 2002) K Viskupic (PhD 2002) Postdoctoral Advisees E Herren (1989-1990) W Hames (1991-1994) J-C Vannay (1993-1995) M Krol (1996-1998) X Zhang (2000-present)


Synergistic Activities 1 Dean for Undergraduate Curriculum at MIT Improving pedagogy of freshman education at MIT through extensive

integration of project-based learning Principal author of the blueprint for freshman educational reform at MIT (http

webmitedu faculty reportsedphtml) In Fall of 2000 launched experiment in project-based learning for freshmen

with a subject entitled Solving Complex Problems Funded by a major grant from dArbeloff Fund for Educational

Excellence serves ~ 5 of the freshman class at MIT each year 2 Public lectures for general audiences on Himalayan tectonics and the mountain building process Invited

appearances in Spokane WA (sponsored by the Spokane Community College) Albuquerque NM (sponsored by the

New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science) 3 Media outreach Science Advisor for Everest an IMAXIWERKS production by MacGillivray-Freeman Films that received

major funding from the National Science Foundation The winner of several international awards since its 1998 release

Everest enjoyed the largest audience of any large-format film in history

Ken Kamler MD (jenjon5aolcom 516-326-8810)

Orthopedic microsurgeon explorer and mountaineer Scientific Director of the Explorers Club award winning

author Ken Kamler combines an explorerrsquos energy a scientistrsquos eye and a humanitarianrsquos heart Author of two

books he saved the life of Beck Wethers on Mount Everest and has travelled on scientific expeditions to the

Andes Amazon Galapagos Antarctic Everglades Roatan and Mount Everest

Professional Preparation Employment

1981-present Microsurgeon specializing in hand surgery 1980-1981 Fellow in Hand and Microsurgery Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center 1979-1980 Chief Resident in Orthopaedic Surgery Long Island Jewish Hospital 1977-1979 Resident in Orthopaedic Surgery Long Island Jewish Hospital 1976-1977 General Practice Physician Indian Reservation Hospital Lawton OK 1974-1975 Intern in Medicine amp Surgery Long Island Jewish Hospital 1973 Extern in Neurology NYUBellevue 1964-1974 School of Medicine University of Marseille France 1964-1968 City University of New York 1966-1968 Illustrator of Anatomical Specimens American Museum of Natural History New York 1961-1964 Bronx High School of Science

Greg Marshall (gmarshalngsorg 202-828-8030)

Progenitor of the CritterCam two-time EMMY Award winner Greg Marshall blends the talents of marine

biologist inventor cinematographer and producer for National Geographic

Professional Preparation

1988 MS Marine Sciences Research Center (MSRC) Stony Brook NY Marine Environmental Sciences 1981 BAGeorgetown University Washington DC Political Science (International Relations) and Biology minor

Employment

2000-present Executive ProducerDirector Remote Imaging Department National Geographic Television 1994-2000 Supervising Producer Natural History Unit National Geographic Television Head Special Projects 1991-1994 Consulting Producer for National Geographic Society Television Division Inventor scientist project leader 1989-1992 Environmental Scientist US EPA Office of Water Washington DC 1988 Fisheries Consultant ATKearneyCentaur Alexandria VA New York State Fisheries Development Plan 1985-1987 Project Manager Belize United States Agency for International Development


Budget

(See separate spreadsheet budgetxls)


Budget Justification6

Staff

Michael Hawley MIT Director of Special Projects serves as fulltime Principal Investigator He will

oversee administration and guide the intellectual direction and content of this project

Christopher Newell Project Coordinator on staff of the Deanrsquos Office of the School of Architecture

has worked with Dr Hawley over the past five years on related projects including administering a

$12my DARPA grant for embedded sensor network development and field testing He has extensive

experience in managing fieldwork He will concentrate his fulltime effort on logistics and

administrative functions of the project

MIT fully supports the Academic Year salaries of Professors Associate Professors and Assistant

Professors but makes no additional staff salary commitment to this project Thus Kip Hodges is fully

supported by MIT Greg Marshall Executive Producer at National Geographic Dave Gallo Director of

Special Projects at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Ken Kamler MD Scientific Director

for the Explorers Club and their affiliates are fully supported by their respective institutions

Four Research Assistants at 50 (one dedicated to each expeditionary track) are employed to assist

with all aspects of the project These will be PhD-trackpost-doc or equivalent people

Four UROP (undergraduate research) students will be employed over the summer As a rule

undergraduates will work for academic credit (not pay) on expeditions

Fringe Benefits charged as direct costs including Employee Benefits (EB) amp Vacation Accrual (VA)

EB is 22 in MIT FYlsquo04 (702-604) and 25 in lsquo05 It applies to research and administrative salaries

only VA is 75 in lsquo04 and lsquo05 and applies to non-faculty salaries MITrsquos FYrsquo03 rates were negotiated in

302 with ONR lsquo04 rates are MIT estimates Fringe benefits do not apply to student salariesstipends

Other Direct Costs

Field Projects are budgeted at $30k each These expenses are average costs for travel and field

support time permits when needed etc and vary considerably with the circumstances For instance

the National Geographic funds their own expeditions and Woods Hole maintains their own research

vessels Note that most expeditions typically require 2-3 site visits at least as personnel do advance

work deployments and maintenance

Lecture Series costs are budgeted at $5k each for travel honoraria advertisement refreshments

Materials and Services Approximately $100ky is budgeted for materials and services These include

fabrication of custom hardware costs of satellite and other communication etc

Meetings two major meetings per year will be held to communicate ongoing results among team

members the governing alliance sponsors and research affiliates We will host a major symposium in

year three

PublicationsOutreach includes not only papers research reports and outside conference expenses

but production of website archiving of full expeditionary data etc The website work is critical we

envision it will develop into the online hub of MITrsquos expeditionary work


Other Academic year Tuition Remission for Research Assistants is requested 35 of MITrsquos AY tuition

Salaries and Stipends escalate at 4 per MIT fiscal year

Capital Equipment $100k budgeted in first year for startup capital equipment including media

archive servers dedicated satellite phone and field radios digital photo and video systems These kits

will be shared by expeditions In later years the budget drops to $25k (plus annual 4 increment) In

general we do not itemize equipment costs the technologies change so quickly that specific devices

cannot be accurately predicted

Indirect Costs

MIT FYrsquo04 Facilities and Administrative (FampA) rate has been negotiated at 62 of Modified Total Direct

Costs (MTDC includes total direct costs exclusive of tuition remission and individual equipment items

over $3000) Rates for lsquo05-07 are estimated by MIT at 62

Notes

Each expeditionary track is directed by two PIrsquos (Hawley + Other) and coordinated by GO (Newell + RA) In general each expedition will also engage a dedicated fulltime RA (eg a PhD student) and a team of

undergraduates (3-5) With the exception of the GO office no senior staff support (ie faculty or directors

from other institutions) is needed Budgeting for students includes tuition for graduate students and

stipends consistent with MIT pay scales It is anticipated that most undergraduate researchers will work for

academic credit (not pay) as expeditionary work may fulfill MITrsquos curricular lab requirements MIT will

pursue partnerships with other sponsors to supplement funding and cover field costs as needed

Expeditionary projects advance at different rates and in different seasons In general terrestrial projects

will begin more quickly because of the somewhat simpler equipment and logistics requirements Some

field expenses are borne by partners (eg by National Geographic who run their own expeditions or by

Woods Hole who maintain their own research vessels) Others require proportionally more extensive field

support (eg whale research in Hawaii) Some expeditionary tracks will leverage work already begun For example in the timetable of this proposal process MIT has begun a $30k project on CritterCam with

National Geographic And Hodgesrsquo team already has extensive experience in field data collection with

wireless networking (including Bluetooth) Others incur more engineering overhead to start up Each partnership brings access to laboratory and field resources (thus National Geographic has an in-house

lab working on CritterCam development Woods Hole the Media Lab the MIT Earth Systems teams all have

varying degrees of existing technology and infrastructure support It is anticipated that a significant

proportion of time in the first year will be spent orchestrating and leveraging these assets and affiliated

personnel In addition MIT teams will work with academic teams at other expeditionary stations (eg with

schools in the Honduran Bay Islands with schools in Bhutan etc) These relationships extend the working

energy and support longer term deployment of systems In some cases international travel is required that

is not immediately covered by one of our partnerships


Current Pending Support7

Microsoftrsquos MIT ldquoiCampusrdquo program funds work on expeditionary photography (via a $100k research grant)

National Geographic is funding MIT to perform a small CritterCam experiment (via a $30k unrestricted

foundation gift)

MIT is seed funding the principal staff (Hawley and Newell)

Prior NSF Support

Hodges EAR-0122011 Development and Implementation of New Technologies for Teaching Field Geology

This award supported development of a digital field geology system to enable a new generation of

university subjects in field geology The system is based on a handheld computer platform (HPCompaq

iPAQ fitted with a GPS card) and ESRIrsquos ArcPad environment for geospatial referencing Development has

involved the authoring of specialized software that permits students to create geologic maps record

location of geochemical samples record voice notes and acquire geomorphologic data within ArcPad

Various forms of data can be transmitted wirelessly to laptop computer platforms for further analysis

cross-referencing and archiving in a geographic information system environment Special hardware

solutions include the development of a digital pocket transit for measuring the orientation of geologic

structures and ruggedized wireless transmitter components (based on Bluetooth technology) to upload

data from the digital transit and other devices (laser rangefinders high-precision GPS units digital cameras

etc) to a handheld or laptop computer These technologies have been incorporated into five MIT

undergraduate- and graduate-level earth science subjects and they are being adopted for use at other

universities Further details regarding the project are available at httpwebmitedudtfgwww Five

abstracts have been written based on this work (Akciz et al 2002 Carr et al 2002 Fuller et al 2002

Hutchison et al 2002 Niemi et al 2002) and at least two papers are in preparation

Relationship of Proposed Work to Other Initiatives

The work proposed here brings together disparate efforts with some common ITR infrastructure needs

Each of the expeditionary tracks will pursue other forms of funding to augment their efforts It is

anticipated that during the four years of proposed work more expeditionary tracks will be developed as

funding for them is organized In some cases individuals involved may submit distinct proposals to the NSF

to concentrate on particular problems

The Environmental Sensor Array component of this proposal is a focused part of a larger project being

initiated by Co-PI Hodges The overall goal of that larger effort is to develop inexpensive easily deployed

and easily maintained sensor packages for the many harsh environments and specialized sensing problems

encountered in the course of ecosystems research Special problems are encountered when these sensor

systems are arrayed (for instance when systems for water air and land are combined) In March 2003

Hodges et al will submit a proposal to address this problem specifically in response to the National Science

Foundationrsquos Sensors and Sensor Networks solicitation (NSF 03-512) That proposal will focus on the concept

and development of an ideal array structure for coastal environments (including Roatan) That is distinct in

scope and in technical aims from the work proposed here


Facilities Equipment8

The working teams draw on their combined institutions (MIT Earth Sciences Media Lab Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution Explorers Club) for laboratory facilities


Supplementary Documents9

List of Primary Personnel and Collaborators

Dave Gallo

Dan Fornari Collaborators J Cochran M Edwards R Embley TKP Gregg RM Haymon S Humphris M Lilley R Lutz

M Perfit D Scheirer T Shank M Smith R Sohn C Van Dover K Von Damm

Mike Hawley Collaborators NGershenfeld M Lau ALippman TMachover N Negroponte R Poor D Salesin A Wheeler

Kip Hodges Collaborators A Andresen A Barros T Blenkinsop A Blythe I Brewer RL Brown D Burbank Y-C Chan J

Crespi K Davidek KA Farley L Godin ES Grew S Guillot RE Hanson E Hartz D Hawkins A Heimsath

N Humphrey A Hurford E Kirby J Laveacute R Law M Martin CJ Northrup R Parrish A Pecirccher J Putkonen

PW Reiners HK Sachan M Searle C Simpson NP Snyder JD Walker E Wang and D Waters

Ken Kamler

Greg Marshall Collaborators BM Buhleier MP Craig MHeithaus T Knower D H Levenson FA Parrish P J Ponganis TJ

Ragen R P Van Dam

Chris Newell [adminstrative staff ]


1 SummaryITR

A new sense of climate MIT weather probe on Mt Everest Bombproof housing integrated sensor kit year-long battery ARGOS satellite link and internet client(photo M Lau)

A new sense of self ingestible radio pill for core body temperature moni-toring Part of wearableedible infra-structure for understanding human physiology ldquoon the hoofrdquo(photo W Chappell)


MIT proposes a new cross-cutting program of expeditions to propel

creative work in information technology We have incubated prior

fieldwork drawing heavily on the Media Labrsquos creative IT talents in places

such as the Himalaya Hawaii Iceland Greenland Antarctica and

Cambodia Such efforts have shed light on scientific areas including

geology climatology human physiology and plant ecology They have

exposed and explored new IT challenges in areas like embedded sensor

architectures self-organizing wireless mesh nets advanced media

systems and wearable biomedical monitoring systems

But expeditions like these tend to be the exception not the rule They typically occur in disjointed academic niches and are at best on the

fringe of IT research Yet for the teams involved such experiences can be

life-altering Powerful expeditions spur ingenuity across disciplines They drive new IT infrastructures across disparate field systems And they

expose opportunities in greater societal and ecological realms For these

reasons we harness expeditions as a more mainstream force for applied

IT research in ways that are expansive foster a highly synthetic skillset

and move far beyond conventional laboratory walls

To this end MIT proposes a 4-year $4m program of information

technology expeditions The work will be centered in a new Global

Opportunities office (GO) at MIT and directed by an expeditionary

alliance initially including uncommon (for IT) partners National

Geographic The Explorers Club Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

MITrsquos Earth Sciences Initiative and the Media Lab To begin four major

expeditions per year will be launched through these partnerships Each expeditionary track advances key facets of IT research and

integrates them with specific field sciences In addition the program

includes new university-wide ldquoExplorers Lecturesrdquo a symposium on

worldwide expeditionary work and outreach opportunities via

broadcast partners to ensure wide impact As a research thrust the MIT

GO Expedition program has a unique managerial charter to work

laterally across university disciplines but will aggressively drive IT

inventions as the core research priority The establishment of this

program will give MIT momentum to orchestrate its wider atlas of field

activities while also launching several bold and energetic field projects


4


MIT GO gomitedu







2 Description

















































3 Core staff for GO


































bring to the table









6






















































































8

















steps





































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam



4


MIT GO gomitedu







2 Description

















































3 Core staff for GO


































bring to the table









6






















































































8

















steps





































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam











3 Core staff for GO


































bring to the table









6






















































































8

















steps





































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam



6






















































































8

















steps





































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam













































8

















steps





































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam

































10


















































































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam














































12















































































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam











































14

JASON2 deployment









































































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam







































16






















People are




















o




































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam





































discovered







Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam




Explorers Lectures

















Core Staff







New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam




New Infrastructures























World Exposure



















































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam








































References3


























































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam































50rsquoN Nature 396 159-161 1998


































































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam






























































Employment



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam



Budget




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam




Staff





















Other Direct Costs











year three












Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam










Indirect Costs




Notes

























foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam






foundation gift)


Prior NSF Support







































Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam









Dave Gallo








Ken Kamler


Ragen R P Van Dam

