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It’s the end of Design Patterns as we know it (and I feel fine) Today: Introducing Monads Luiz Borba http://borba.blog.br

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Page 1: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

It’s the end of Design Patterns as we know it

(and I feel fine)Today:

Introducing Monads

Luiz Borba http://borba.blog.br

http://borba.blog.br
Page 2: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

Part 1 Deconstructing Design Patterns

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1994

Page 4: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

PHP (95)

Page 5: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

PHP (95)

Page 6: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

DESKTOP

PHP (95)

Page 7: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

WEB

PHP (95)

Page 8: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

PHP (95)

Page 9: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

PHP (95)

Page 10: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

I always knew that one day

Smalltalkwould replace Java.I just didn’t knowit would be called

Ruby

"

"(Kent Beck)

Page 11: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

Page 12: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

Mainstream,It’s the

stupid!

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AlwaysControversial

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Ralph Johnson and Singleton

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AreDesign Patternsmissing languages features?

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AreDesign Patternshow languages evolve?

(Jeff Atwood)

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Page 22: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

COBOL (61)

FORTRAN (57)

CLIPPER (85)

C (72)

C++ (83)

SMALLTALK (72)

PASCAL (86)PERL (87)

LISP (58)

OBJECT PASCAL (95)

HASKELL (90)

JAVA (95) RUBY (95)

PYTHON (91)

ML (73)

ALGOL (58)

POWERBUILDER (92)

BASIC (64)

VISUAL BASIC (91)

MS BASIC (75)

SQLWINDOWS (88)

Page 23: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

2010

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Java

imperative languages

C FortranC++

add abstractions

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subtract abstractions

LispML

Haskell

functional languages

Java

imperative languages

C FortranC++

add abstractions

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subtract abstractions

LispML

Haskell

functional languages

Java

imperative languages

C FortranC++

add abstractions

hybrid languages

ScalaJava 8

C#F#

Page 37: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)
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[x | x <- xs, x < 10]Haskell:

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[x | x <- xs, x < 10]

from x in xs where x < 10 select x;

Haskell:

C#:

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[x | x <- xs, x < 10]

from x in xs where x < 10 select x;

Haskell:

C#:

Java 8:xs.stream().filter(x -> x < 10)

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2014

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Java 8

C#

Swift

C

PHP

Python

Ruby

Javascript

Dart

Scala

Go

Clojure

Rust

Groovy

Erlang

Elixir

Coffeescript

C++

Objective-C

Haskell

F#

Page 44: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

Java 8

C#

Swift

C

PHP

Python

Ruby

Javascript

Dart

Scala

Go

Clojure

Rust

Groovy

Erlang

Elixir

Coffeescript

C++

Objective-C

Haskell

F#

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We need to rewrite thedesign patterns book

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Part 2 Introducing Monads

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(Douglas Crockford)

Once you understandMonadsfor yourself

you lose the ability

to explain them to others

"

"

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A Monad is justa monoid in thecategory ofendofunctors

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WTF?

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WARM UP

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What’s aStack?

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Value

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Operations

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Rules

+ = stack.push(value).top == value stack.isEmpty == truestack.push(value).isEmpty == false

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We can implement them however we like

We can use them without knowing their implementation

and..

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What’s aQueue?

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What are

Queue?Stack &

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ABSTRACT

TYPESDATA

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JavascriptPromises

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modern,(Anders Hejlsberg)

Asynchronousprogramming is becoming the norm in

connected applications"

"

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var FS = require('fs'), request = require('request');

function getResults(pathToFile, callback) { FS.readFile(pathToFile, 'utf8', function(err, data) { if (err) return callback(err); var response1, response2;

request.post('http://service1.example.com?data=' + data), function(err, response, body) { if(err) return callback(err); response1 = response; next(); });

request.post('http://service2.example.com?data=' + data), function(err, response, body) { if(err) return callback(err); response2 = response; next(); });

function next(){ if(response1 && response2){ callback(null, [response1, response2]); } } }); }

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asyncCall(function(err, data1){ if(err) return callback(err); anotherAsyncCall(function(err2, data2){ if(err2) return calllback(err2); oneMoreAsyncCall(function(err3, data3){ if(err3) return callback(err3); // are we done yet? }); }); });

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asyncCall() .then(function(data1){ // do something... return anotherAsyncCall(); }) .then(function(data2){ // do something... return oneMoreAsyncCall(); }) .then(function(data3){ // the third and final async response }) .fail(function(err) { // handle any error resulting from any of the above calls }) .done();

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var promise = new Promise(initialFunction) var anotherPromise = promise.then(functionB) var yetAnotherPromise = anotherPromise.then(functionC) ...

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var promise = new Promise(initialFunction) var anotherPromise = promise.then(functionB) var yetAnotherPromise = anotherPromise.then(functionC) ...

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var promise = new Promise(initialFunction) var anotherPromise = promise.then(functionB) var yetAnotherPromise = anotherPromise.then(functionC) ...

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Java 8Optional

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String version = computer .getSoundcard() .getUSB() .getVersion();

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String version = "UNKNOWN"; if(computer != null){ Soundcard soundcard = computer.getSoundcard(); if(soundcard != null){ USB usb = soundcard.getUSB(); if(usb != null){ version = usb.getVersion(); } } }

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String name = Optional.of(computer) .map(Computer::getSoundcard)

.map(Soundcard::getUSB) .map(USB::getVersion) .orElse("UNKNOWN");

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String name = Optional.of(computer) .map(Computer::getSoundcard)

.map(Soundcard::getUSB) .map(USB::getVersion) .orElse("UNKNOWN");

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String name = Optional.of(computer) .map(Computer::getSoundcard)

.map(Soundcard::getUSB) .map(USB::getVersion) .orElse("UNKNOWN");

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Promises and Optional are Monads

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A Monad is a structure that puts a value in a

computational context

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Monad<A> unit(A a)

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Monad<A> unit(A a)

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Monad<A> unit(A a)

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Monad<B> bind(M<A> ma, Function<A, M<B>> f)

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Monad<B> bind(M<A> ma, Function<A, M<B>> f)

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Monad<B> bind(M<A> ma, Function<A, M<B>> f)

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unit(x) = Monad x unit(x).bind(f) = Monad f(x) unit(x).bind(f).bind(g) = Monad g(f(x))

Monad: Value, Operations and Rules

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HaskellI/O

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return :: Monad m => a -> m a (>>=) :: Monad m => m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b (>>) :: Monad m => m a -> m b -> m b

Unit & Bind in Haskell

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main :: IO () main = putStrLn "What is your name?" >> getLine >>= \name -> putStrLn ("Hello, " ++ name)

I/O Example

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main :: IO () main = do putStrLn "What is your name?" name <- getLine putStrLn ("Hello, " ++ name)

Sequence

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main :: IO () main = do putStrLn "What is your name?" name <- getLine putStrLn ("Hello, " ++ name)

What is that?

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Imperative codein functional style

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PARADIGM MIX,stupid!

It’s the

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One more thing…

Page 95: It's the end of design patterns as we know it (and i feel fine)

BuilderResult<Group> groupBuilder = new Builder<Group>(Group.class) .daoContext(daoContext) .user(loginUser) .comments(body.getCreateComments()) .set(Field.name).with(name).validations(required(), unique()) .set(Field.owners).with(ownerIds).converting(convertToOwner()) .validations(required()) .set(Field.description).with(body.getDesc()).withoutValidation() .build();

Accidental Monad

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"Six of one or half dozen of the other"

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Set<PersistenceEventListener> result = new HashSet<>(); for (String channel: channels) { List<PersistenceEventListener> channelListeners = listenersPerChannel.get(channel); if (channelListeners != null) { result.addAll(channelListeners); } } return result;

return listenersPerChannel.entrySet().stream() .filter(e -> Arrays.asList(channels).contains(e.getKey())) .map(e -> e.getValue()) .flatMap(l -> l.stream()) .collect(Collectors.toSet());

X

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Moral of the Story

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Languages are evolving

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Programmers must evolve along with the languages and

enjoy learning new things

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Luiz Borba http://borba.blog.br

It’s the end of Design Patterns as we know it (and I feel fine)

Thank you!

http://borba.blog.br

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