It’s Thursdaaaaayyyyy!!!It’s Thursdaaaaayyyyy!!!

►We will begin today by going over We will begin today by going over the progressive era test.the progressive era test.

►Please be ready to do this quickly Please be ready to do this quickly and quietly.and quietly.

Anchors Away: The Anchors Away: The U.S. and ImperialismU.S. and Imperialism

ObjectiveObjective

Analyze the effects of Analyze the effects of imperialism on the foreign imperialism on the foreign

policy of the United States from policy of the United States from Reconstruction to World War I. Reconstruction to World War I.

Imperialism vs. IsolationismImperialism vs. Isolationism

►Before the late 1800s, the U.S. was Before the late 1800s, the U.S. was primarily an ISOLATIONIST country. primarily an ISOLATIONIST country. Isolationists focused on DOMESTIC Isolationists focused on DOMESTIC issues and avoided getting entangled issues and avoided getting entangled in world conflicts. The U.S. was in world conflicts. The U.S. was reconstructing the South, increasing reconstructing the South, increasing industry, and settling the west.industry, and settling the west.

Imperialism vs. Isolationism Imperialism vs. Isolationism (Cont(Cont’’d)d)

►Near the end of the 1800s, the U.S. Near the end of the 1800s, the U.S. looks more towards IMPERIALISM. looks more towards IMPERIALISM. Imperialist nations were attempting to Imperialist nations were attempting to expand their power overseas.expand their power overseas.

► IMPERIALISM – Economic and political IMPERIALISM – Economic and political domination over other weaker nations.domination over other weaker nations.

4 Reasons for Imperialist 4 Reasons for Imperialist Attitudes in the U.S.Attitudes in the U.S.

►1) Need for new overseas markets1) Need for new overseas markets►2) Anglo-Saxon superiority2) Anglo-Saxon superiority►3) Rising European imperialism3) Rising European imperialism►4) The push for a modern Navy4) The push for a modern Navy

Need for New Overseas Need for New Overseas MarketsMarkets

► In Europe, countries looked for overseas In Europe, countries looked for overseas markets to sell surplus goods and invest markets to sell surplus goods and invest capital because tariffs were so high.capital because tariffs were so high.

►Many acquire colonies and Many acquire colonies and PROTECTORATES (where an imperial PROTECTORATES (where an imperial power lets local rulers stay in power, power lets local rulers stay in power, but tells them what to do).but tells them what to do).

►As the west gets settled by the late As the west gets settled by the late 1800s, the U.S. begins to look for 1800s, the U.S. begins to look for overseas markets to keep the economy overseas markets to keep the economy strong.strong.

►1853 – Matthew C. Perry goes to Japan 1853 – Matthew C. Perry goes to Japan to increase trade, interests the to increase trade, interests the Japanese in Western technology and Japanese in Western technology and weapons.weapons.

►With increase in Asian trade, there is With increase in Asian trade, there is more interest in ANNEXING Hawaii. more interest in ANNEXING Hawaii. U.S. could use it as a naval base, and U.S. could use it as a naval base, and it would help Hawaiiit would help Hawaii’’s economy. s economy.

► In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani overthrown, and U.S. annexes Hawaii overthrown, and U.S. annexes Hawaii five years later.five years later.

2) ANGLO-SAXON 2) ANGLO-SAXON SUPERIORITYSUPERIORITY

► In continuation of the theory of Social In continuation of the theory of Social Darwinism, Americans believed that Darwinism, Americans believed that the strong would dominate the weak.the strong would dominate the weak.

►Many Americans felt English speaking Many Americans felt English speaking nations were SUPERIOR, and would nations were SUPERIOR, and would dominate the world. dominate the world.

►For this reason, many wanted to For this reason, many wanted to expand overseas.expand overseas.

3) Rise of European 3) Rise of European ImperialismImperialism

►As European countries practiced As European countries practiced imperialism in the Western Hemisphere, imperialism in the Western Hemisphere, the U.S. became more involved with World the U.S. became more involved with World affairs.affairs.

►U.S. gets involved in conflicts with U.S. gets involved in conflicts with Germany and Great Britain in the late Germany and Great Britain in the late 1800s.1800s.

►Many Americans felt that if they did not Many Americans felt that if they did not compete for overseas interests with compete for overseas interests with European nations, they would be left European nations, they would be left behind and not be a world power.behind and not be a world power.

4) The Push for a Modern 4) The Push for a Modern Navy Navy

► In 1890, Alfred T. Mahan wrote In 1890, Alfred T. Mahan wrote The The Influence of Sea Power Upon HistoryInfluence of Sea Power Upon History. . This book stated that world powers This book stated that world powers from the past had strong navies to from the past had strong navies to trade and to protect itself. Mahan said trade and to protect itself. Mahan said that the U.S. needed one as well.that the U.S. needed one as well.

►He also claimed that if the U.S. had a He also claimed that if the U.S. had a strong navy, it needed overseas naval strong navy, it needed overseas naval bases as well.bases as well.

►As the 1800s closes, the U.S. works As the 1800s closes, the U.S. works towards building a larger navy.towards building a larger navy.

►U.S. is not an Imperialist nation yet, U.S. is not an Imperialist nation yet, but will have the opportunity soon…but will have the opportunity soon…

William MckinleyWilliam Mckinley• American President American President

Elected in 1896Elected in 1896• Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy• U.S. Foreign Policy that U.S. Foreign Policy that

all countries should be all countries should be able to trade with able to trade with China rather than China rather than Japan and European Japan and European countries monopolizing countries monopolizing Chinese Markets. Chinese Markets.

• 1 Effect of This 1 Effect of This Imperial Policy is Imperial Policy is “The Boxer “The Boxer Rebellion.”Rebellion.”

• 1898-19011898-1901• Chinese Chinese

Nationalists Nationalists started a started a movement to movement to oppose foreign oppose foreign imperialism in imperialism in their country.their country.

• An 8 nation An 8 nation alliance defeated alliance defeated the Boxers and the Boxers and the Imperial the Imperial Army.Army.

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

Arguments for and Against Arguments for and Against ImperialismImperialism

Pro-ImperialistsPro-Imperialists

► Many people supported Many people supported the idea of imperialism the idea of imperialism citing evidence that:citing evidence that: We need new markets We need new markets

to sell our goodsto sell our goods We need a stronger We need a stronger

navy.navy. We need to civilize and We need to civilize and

christianize the rest of christianize the rest of the world.the world.

We need to compete We need to compete with Europe.with Europe.

Anti-ImperialistsAnti-Imperialists► Many people opposed Many people opposed

imperialism because they imperialism because they felt that:felt that: It was inherently un-American It was inherently un-American

to dominate another people.to dominate another people. We should continue the We should continue the

tradition of isolationism and tradition of isolationism and avoid foreign entanglements.avoid foreign entanglements.

Imperialism would shift Imperialism would shift attention away from domestic attention away from domestic reform.reform.

The only people benefitting The only people benefitting would be big business. (Think would be big business. (Think “Progressive Era”)“Progressive Era”)

Who Wins?Who Wins?

►In the end the Imperialist ideas In the end the Imperialist ideas will prevail.will prevail. When it all boils down, arguments When it all boils down, arguments

for Guns, Gold and God were too for Guns, Gold and God were too strong for the anti-Imperialists.strong for the anti-Imperialists.