ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis tbilisis saxelmwifo ...press.tsu.ge/data/image_db_innova/phd - valeri...
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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti
valeri arRuTaSvili
turizmis ganviTarebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis winaaRmdegobebi
Sida qarTlis regionSi
ekonomikis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: gulnaz erqomaiSvili
ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori
Tsu asocirebuli profesori
Tbilisi
2016
ავტორის სტილი დაცულია
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Sinaarsi
Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Tavi I. turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi globalizaciis pirobebSi
1.1 turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebi-----------------------------------10
1.2. turizmis roli da mniSvneloba qveynis strategiul ganviTarebaSi------23
1.3. adgilobrivi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi
ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna--------------------------------------36
Tavi II. turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi
2.1. turizmis gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze da misi
Sefaseba---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
2.2. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena
da maTze zemoqmedeba----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95
2.3.turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali saqarTveloSi da misi gansazRvra--101
Tavi III. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis strategia
3.1. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis arsebuli mdgomareoba--110
3.2. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali--------------------131
3.3. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebis
gamovlena da misi racionaluri gamoyeneba-----------------------------------------------149
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi-------------------------------------------------------------------------------186
gamoyenebuli literatura-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------188
danarTi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------195
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Sesavali
Temis aqtualuroba: mogzaurobisa da turizmis industria erT-erTi swrafad
mzardi industriaa msoflio masStabiT. Tanamedrove pirobebSi sagrZnoblad
gaizarda turizmis ekonomikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba, rogorc
ganviTarebuli, aseve ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis. rac ganpirobebulia
industriis dadebiTi ekonomikuri efeqtebiT, rogoricaa, adgilobrivi
rezidentebis Semosavlebis zrda, samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, gadasaxadebis
generireba, qveyanaSi ucxouri valutis Semodineba, rac stimuls aZlevs
aseve saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebas sxva momijnave seqtorebSi.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (World Travel & Tourism
Council) monacemebiT, turizmi warmoadgens msoflioSi udides industrias
TiTqmis yvela ekonomikuri maCveneblebiT. 2012 wels pirdapirma kontribuciam
msoflio mTlian Siga produqtSi Seadgina 2,056.6 miliardi aSS dolari, rac
Seadgens msoflio mSp-s 2.9%-s. zrdis tendencia SenarCunda 2013-2014 wlis
monacemebis mixedviT. 2014 wels Seadgina 2,364 miliardi aSS dolari, rac
Seadgens mSp-is 2.9%-s. igi moicavs ekonomikur aqtivobebs ganxorcielebuls
sastumroebSi, turistul saagentoebSi, aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa
transportirebis momsaxurebaSi, restornebSi da a.S.1
swrafad cvalebad garemo pirobebSi aqtualuri gaxda turizmis
dagegmvis da mdgradi ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, romelic gulisxmobs, rogorc
ekonomikuri sargeblis zrdas, aseve garemos dacvis, kulturuli
faseulobebis SenarCunebis, negatiuri efeqtebis SezRudvis TvalsazrisiT
Sesabamisi politikis SemuSavebas.
saqarTvelos turizmis strategiuli dagegmvisaTvis mniSvnelovania
sxvadasxva komponentebis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa: turistuli atraqciebi
da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti, servisi,
infrastruqtura da instituciuri elementebi. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis
gaanalizeba mniSvnelovania rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli da
lokaluri gaviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
1 www.wttc.org
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Tanamedrove msoflioSi turizmi ganixileba, rogorc socialur-
ekonomikuri movlena, romelic pirdapir da irib zegavlenas axdens masTan
dakavSirebul infrastruqturaze. Tumca, saqarTvelo romelic flobs
mdidar turistul resursebs, jer kidev ver miaRwia ganviTarebis im dones,
romelic Tavisi potenciuri SesaZleblobebis adeqvaturia. turistuli
obieqtebi jer kidev aramoTxovnadia turistuli momsaxurebis
infrastruqturis ganuviTareblobis gamo. aseve, arasrulyofilia
xelisuflebis sxvadasxva doneze saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmi,
turistul bazrebze kerZo investiciebisaTvis motivaciisa da regionebis
turistuli kompleqsis ekonomikuri analizis efeqtiani meTodebis arseboba
[58].
regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis problemis Sesaxeb arsebobs
sxvadasxva saxis kvlevebi da publikaciebi, sadac sakmaodaa damuSavebuli
regionul ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. romelic saSualebas
gvaZlevs CamovayaliboT regionebSi turizmis ganviTarebis, maregulirebeli
meqanizmebis srulyofis, arsebuli resursebis efeqtianad gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebuli konceptualuri xedvebi da rekomendaciebi.
sadisertacio naSromis mizani da amocanebi: kvlevis mizans warmoadgens
Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis ZiriTadi
orientirebis gansazRvra, aseve regionis ganviTarebis strategiuli modelis
SemuSaveba. turizmis funqcionirebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebis
gamokvlevis safuZvelze regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis efeqtianobisa da
regulirebis srulyofis meqanizmis Sefaseba ekonomikaSi. sadisertacio
naSromis mizanma gansazRvra Semdegi amocanebi:
• turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebis Seswavla;
• turizmis rolis da mniSvnelobis Sefaseba qveynis strategiul
ganviTarebaSi;
• Siga turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi
ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna;
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• turizmis zegavlenis Sefaseba saqarTvelos regionebis ekonomikur
ganviTarebaze;
• saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis potencialisa da ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebis gamovlenis safuZvelze misi stimulirebis meqanizmis
gansazRvra;
• Sida qarTlis turistuli bazris kvlevis Sedegad Sida qarTlSi
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebis gamovlena da maTi
racionaluri gamoyenebis gzebis dadgena;
kvlevis sagani da obieqti – naSromis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens turizmis
ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi ganxorcielebis meqanizmis
srulyofa Sida qarTlis regionSi. kvlevis obieqtia turizmis ganviTarebis
racionaluri strategiis formireba, misi winaaRmdegobebis gamovlena da
daZlevis efeqtiani gzebis dadgena.
kvlevis meTodologiuri da Teoriuli safuZvlebi – naSromze muSaobis
procesSi gamoyenebulia, analizisa da sinTezis, induqciisa da deduqciis,
regresiuli analizis, statistikuri, raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi kvlevis
teqnika. sakiTxebis siRrmiseulad gaanalizebisaTvis naSromSi gamoyenebulia
sistemuri da situaciuri midgomebi, istoriuli da praqtikul
gamocdilebaTa analizi, pozitiuri da normatiuli debulebebis analizis
meTodebi.
kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebul monacemTa bazas warmoadgens: saqarTvelos
turizmis erovnuli administraciis, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis
saministros, statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris, erovnuli bankis, msoflio
bankis, mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos, turizmis msoflio
organizaciis statistikuri monacemebi. Sida qarTlis municipalitetebSi
Catarebuli mosaxleobis marketinguli gamokvlevebis Sedegebi da Tematuri
internet – resursebi. agreTve, saerTaSoriso samecniero publikaciebSi
gamoqveynebuli qarTveli da ucxoeli mkvlevarebis naSromebi.
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sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle
1. naSromi aris Teoriisa da praqtikis, saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi
gamocdilebis sinTezi. amasTan Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis
ganviTarebis strategiisa da misi ganxorcielebis winaaRmdegobebis
kvleva Tavad warmoadgens siaxles;
2. turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebis analizis
safuZvelze gansazRvrulia turizmis roli da mniSvneloba
saqarTvelos da misi regionebis strategiul ganviTarebaSi;
3. dadgenilia regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis racionaluri politikis
formirebisa da misi efeqtiani ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos
Seqmnis gzebi;
4. gamovlenilia saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli
Zalebi da Sefasebulia misi gavlena saqarTvelos da misi regionebis
ekonomikur ganviTarebaze;
5. gansazRvrulia turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali mTlianad
saqarTveloSi da mis regionebSi, konkretulad ki, probiTi modelis
gamoyenebis safuZvelze gaanalizebulia Sida qarTlis regionSi
turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba, romlis safuZvelzec
gansazRvrulia Sida qarTlis regionis turistuli potenciali,
gamovlenilia regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebi
da misi racionaluri gamoyenebis gzebi.
6. turizmis seqtoris marTvis saxelmwifo da regionuli politikis
doneze dasabuTebulia Tu ra principebi unda daedos safuZvlad
politikis ganxorcielebas da ra mimarTulebebze unda iqnas aRebuli
orientacia ekonomikis, Sromis bazris, socialuri ganviTarebis da
garemos mdgradobis Sefasebisas;
7. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi dakonkretebulia, rogorc
makroekonomikuri politikis doneze, aseve mikroekonomikur,
sawarmoebis marTvis doneze da gakeTebuli mniSvnelovani daskvnebi am
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problemebis raodenobrivi Sefasebis SesaZleblobebisa da
perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb.
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba
• misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia saleqcio kursSi – “regionuli
ganviTareba da turizmi”, rogorc bakalavriatis, aseve magistraturis
safexurze;
• turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier turizmis ganviTarebis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebisa da rekomendaciebis misaRebad;
• regionebis mier sakuTari turistuli potencialis gansazRvrisa da
misTvis saWiro resursebis gamovlenisa da racionaluri
gamoyenebisaTvis;
• turizmis sferoSi damwyebi mewarmeebisaTvis biznes gegmis Sedgenisa
da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis rekomendaciebis gasawevad moklevadian
da grZelvadian periodisaTvis.
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Tavi I. turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi globalizaciis
pirobebSi
1.1. turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebi
turizmi dRevandeli saxiT, warmoadgens me-20 saukunis fenomens.
istorikosebi varaudoben, rom masobrivi turizmis Sesaxeb msjeloba daiwyo
inglisSi industriuli revoluciis periodSi, saSualo klasis
Camoyalibebasa da SedarebiT iafi gadaadgilebis saSualebebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad. komerciuli aviaxazebis industriis Seqmnam, romelic
mohyva meore msoflio oms da 50-ian wlebSi reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavebis
warmoebis ganviTarebas, gamoiwvia saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis swrafi zrda
da eqspansia. am zrdas mohyva axali industriis - turizmis ganviTareba,
romelsac ganviTarebis xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. adreul saukuneebSi xalxi
mogzaurobda vaWrobis mizniT, religiuri rwmenis gamo, ekonomikuri
sargeblis miRebis, omis, migraciisa da sxva analogiuri motivaciebiT. romis
imperiis xanaSi SeZlebuli aristokratebi da mmarTveli wreebi aseve
mogzaurobdnen siamovnebis misaRebad da gasarTobad. pompeasa da
herkulanumSi mdebare zRvispira kurortebi saSualebas aZlevda romaelebs
gasclodnen romis cxel zafxuls da Tavi SeefarebiaT TavianTi sazafxulo
vilebisaTvis. mogzauroba, sul ufro intensiuri xdeboda da mniSvnelovani
roli iTamaSa civilizaciebis ganviTarebaSi. [14; gv.7-8].
dReisaTvis mogzaurobam da turizmma, rogorc ekonomikuri, ise
socialuri mniSvneloba SeiZina da ganviTarebuli qveynebis umetesobaSi
gaxda yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri seqtori.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (World Travel & Tourism
Council) monacemebiT, mogzauroba da turizmi warmoadgens msoflioSi udides
industrias TiTqmis yvela ekonomikuri maCveneblebiT. turizmi ganviTarda,
rogorc msoflios mniSvnelovani socialur–ekonomikuri seqtori
stabilurad izrdeba 4-5%–iT wliurad. adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso
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turizmi aRiarebulia, rogorc msoflios „udidesi industria“. 1995 wels
turizmma Seqmna 3,4 trilioni dolaris mTliani Siga produqti, rac
Seadgenda msoflio mSp-is 10,9%–s. dasaqmebuli iyo 22 milioni adamiani da
ganaxorciela 637 miliardi dolaris saxelmwifo Senatanebi gadasaxadebis
saxiT. aseve icvleba regionebiT dainteresebis msoflio dinamika (ix.
diagrama 1.1.).2
diagrama1.1
wyaro: www. unwto.org
mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (WTTC) monacemebiT
turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis pirdapiri kontribucia mTlian Siga
produqtSi 2011 wels iyo 1 972,8 miliardi aSS dolari, rac Seadgens
msoflio mTliani Siga produqtis 2,8%–s. 2012 wels pirdapirma kontribuciam
msoflio mTlian Siga produqtSi Seadgina 2,056.6 miliardi aSS dolari, rac
Seadgens msoflio mSp-s 2.9%-s. zrdis tendencia SenarCunda 2013-2014 wlis
2 www.wttc.org
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monacemebis mixedviT. 2014 wels Seadgina 2,364 miliardi aSS dolari, rac
Seadgens mSp-is 2.9%-s. igi moicavs ekonomikur aqtivobebs, romlebic
ganxorcielda sxvadasxva turistul sawarmoebSi, kerZod, sastumroebSi,
turistul saagentoebSi, aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa transportirebis
momsaxurebaSi, restornebSi da a.S.
2023 wlisaTvis mosalodnelia mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri
kontribuciis zrda mTlian Siga produqtSi 4.4%-iT, rac Seadgens 3,249.2
miliard aSS dolars (mSp-s 3.1%).
wyaro: www.wttc.org
mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTlianma kontribuciam msoflio mTlian Siga
produqtSi 2012 wels Seadgina 7,083 miliardi aSS dolari, investiciebis,
miwodebis jaWvis da Semosavlebis gavlenebis CaTvliT. xolo 2013 wels 7,316
miliardi aSS dolari. wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT zrda
3,2-%-ia. 2014 wlis monacemebiT misi wili mSp-Si 9.8%-ia (7,580 mlrd). WTTC
prognoziT 2022 wlisTvis turizmisa da mogzaurobis mTliani kontribucia
ganagrZobs zrdas.3
3www.wttc.org
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diagrama 1.3 mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTliani kontribucia msoflio mSp-
Si. (mlrd aSS dolari)
wyaro: www.wttc.org
2013 wels mogzaurobisa da turizmis industriam moaxdina 100,894,000
pirdapiri samuSao adgilis generireba (mTliani dasaqmebis 3.4%). aRniSnuli
moicavs dasaqmebas ganxorcielebuls sastumroebSi, turistul saagentoebSi,
aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa transportirebis momsaxurebaSi,
restornebSi da a.S.
imave wlis monacemebiT mogzaurobisa da turizmis dasaqmebis mTlianma
maCvenebelma (arapirdapiri efeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT) Seadgina 270,723,000
samuSao adgili, mTliani dasaqmebis 8.9.%. 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT
zrdis dinamika SenarCunda rogorc pirdapir, aseve arapirdapir
dasaqmebulTa maCveneblebSi.
WTTC - is eqspertebi varaudobdnen, rom 2022 wlisaTvis turizmisa da
mogzaurobis seqtorSi dasaqmebis mTliani kontribucia gaizrdeboda 120 470
000 samuSao adgilamde, anu 1,9 %–iT aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Tumca
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dReisaTvis turizmisa da maspinlobis industriis mTliani kontribucia
dasaqmebaSi 2014 wlisaTvis Seadgens 276,845.
diagrama 1.4 mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTliani kontribucia dasaqmebaSi
(mln)
wyaro: www.wttc.org
mniSvnelovania, rom qveyanam da xelisuflebam adekvaturad aRiqvas
turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebi, raTa sworad daigegmos
turizmis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi. aucilebelia, rom igi
Seesabamebodes Tanamedrove tendenciebs da turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis
moTxovnebs.
turizmis Tvisebrivi analizidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa Semdegi
ZiriTadi tendenciebi:
• met turists surs miiRos monawileoba rekreaciaSi, sportSi,
TavgadasavlebSi, Seiswavlos istoria, kultura, buneba, veluri
garemo. turisti aris fizikurad da inteleqtualurad metad aqtiuri,
vidre es iyo winaT;
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• met turists surs misdios Tavis specifikur interess da hobis.
arsebobs mravali specifikuri interesi dafuZnebuli bunebaze da
velur garemoze, istoriul sanaxaobaze, ainteresebT kulturuli
Zeglebi, ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, da aqvT mravalferovani profesiuli
interesebi;
• „siZveleebTan Sexeba“, bunebis, kulturuli da saTavgadasavlo
turizmi aris mudmivad ganviTarebadi mimarTuleba turizmSi. xolo
turizmis erT-erTi uZvelesi mimarTuleba - religiuri miznebiT
mogzauroba da momlocveloba - arc XXI saukuneSi ar kargavs Tavis
mniSvnelobas;
• axal turistul produqtebze moTxovna permanentulad izrdeba. rac
iZleva SesaZleblobebs Seiqmnas axali, mimzidveli daniSnulebis
adgilebi turistebisTvis da gaumjobesdes ukve arsebuli atraqciebi
[22, gv.19].
• turistis interesebis sferoSia gaiumjobesos janmrTeloba,
Sesabamisad, moTxovnadia gamajansaRebeli kurortebi, abazanebi, spa,
aseve, medicinis sxva saSualebebi;
• aseve turistebi upiratesobas aniWeben moklevadian, magram xSir
mogzaurobas, rac iwvevs turistuli dasvenebis intesifikacias da mis
gajerebas eqskursiebiT, SexvedrebiT, gaseirnebebiT;
• izrdeba socialurad daucveli adamianebisa da unar–SezRudulebis
daintereseba turistuli produqtebiT;
• Tanamedrove turisti aris metad gamocdili, daxvewili, gemovnebiani
da momTxovni, maT izidavT atraqciebi momsaxurebis maRali xarisxiT;
• bevri turisti moiTxovs karg dizains, ekologiurad sufTa da
naklebad dabinZurebul turistul obieqtebs, uaryofs eklogiuri da
socialuri problemebis gamomwvev cudad dagegmil atraqciebs; [30]
• turistuli obieqtebis umetesoba aris adaptirebuli da dagegmili
maRali xarisxis momsaxurebisTvis da Tavs aridebs ekologiur da
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socialur problemebs, aseve mimarTulia ekonomikuri sargeblis
optimizaciisken;
• mimdinareobs Zveli turistuli kurortebis modernizeba da gaaxleba,
raTa upasuxos Tanamedrove moTxovebs. es ki gulisxmobs
racionalurad dagegmili RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas;
• mzardia turizmis seqtorSi Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyeneba,
gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa momaragebis sistema,
rezervaciis sfero, internet–marketingi. interneti xdeba
mniSvnelovani sainformacio da marketinguli iaraRi [91, gv.19-20].
msoflioSi mniSvnelovani tendenciaa turizmis ganviTareba im
adgilebSi sadac, surT SeinarCunon bunebrivi garemo, istoriuli adgilebi
da kulturuli tradiciebi. ekoturizmi da kulturuli turizmi xSir
SemTxvevaSi aris ganviTarebuli iseT adgilebSi, sadac sasurvelia
obieqtebis konservacia, da ar aris sakmarisi resursebi amisaTvis. aq
finansuri resursebis Sevseba xdeba turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebidan,
rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani midgomaa, SezRuduli resursebis
pirobebSi, konservaciis programebis dasanergad.
aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom turizmis produqtebis da momsaxurebis miwodeba
xdeba kerZo seqtoris mier, magram es xorcieldeba mTavrobis mier
gansazRvrul CarCoSi da pirobebSi. eseigi pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba
unda moxdes centralur, regionul, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebsa da kerZo seqtoris menejmentis mier. raTa TanxvedraSi
iyos erovnuli, regionuli, da sazogadoebrivi, ekologiuri da socialur–
ekonomikuri miznebi. zogierT adgilebSi, saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi
arsebuli sastumroebi axla privatizebulia, rogorc erovnuli politikis
nawili. Tumca, zogierT axlad ganviTarebad turistul zonaSi, sadac
rTulia mimdinare etapze kerZo investiciis mozidva mTavroba SeiZleba
gaxdes pirveli ganmaviTarebeli da mxolod Semdeg axdens kerZo
seqtorisaTvis mimzidveli wilis gasxvisebas [17].
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turistuli moTxovnis tendenciebis Seswavlisas irkveva, rom turizmi
gansakuTrebiT viTardeba ganviTarebul, civilizebul qveynebSi. turizmis
ganviTarebisken swrafvas iwvevs is pozitiuri gavlenebi, rasac turizmi
axdens socialur–ekonomikur da regionul ganviTarebaze. turizmis sferoSi
ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebi, naTlad vlindeba turizmis seqtoris
mravalricxovan dadebiT efeqtebSi, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia:
1. mosaxleobis dasaxleba da damagreba;
2. cxovrebis donis, xarisxis gaumjobeseba;
3. sawarmoo Zalebis ganviTareba da ganaxleba;
4. kulturaTa gacvla;
5. kavSirebis ganviTareba ucxo qveynebTan, biznes–urTierTobebis
Camoyalibeba;
6. mrewvelobis ganviTareba;
7. rekreaciuli centrebis ganviTareba;
8. calkeuli raionebis ganviTareba;
9. sxva dargebis ganviTarebis stimulireba (multiplikaciuri efeqti);
10. regionuli ganviTarebis faqtori;
11. ekonomikuri integraciis da globalizaciis stimulireba [11, gv.34-35].
miuxedavad STambeWdavi ekonomikuri monacemebisa, mogzaurobisa da
turizmis industriis erT-erT mTavar problemas warmoadgens am industriis
mravalferovneba da fragmentacia, romelic SeumCnevels xdis ekonomikaze
mis zegavlenas da arTulebs statistikuri monacemebis realisturobas [92].
mogzaurobisa da turizmis industria moicavs sastumroebs, motelebs,
ganTavsebis sxva saSualebebs; restornebs da kvebis sxva momsaxurebebs;
satransporto momsaxurebasa da saSualebebs; atraqciebs, garTobisa da
dasvenebis obieqtebs; suvenirebisa da sxva sawarmoTa did raodenobas. imis
gamo, rom zemoT CamoTvlili momsaxurebiT sargebloben adgilobrivi
rezidentebic, vizitorTa danaxarjebi SesaZloa advilad iqnes
gadaWarbebulad Sefasebuli, an dakninebuli [42, gv.328].
16
meisi (Meis, 1992) aRniSnavs, rom turizmis industria moicavs
koncefciebs, romlebic jer kidev rCeba amorfuli, rogorc
analitikosebisaTvis, ise gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis. ufro metic, es
problema qmnis sirTules industriis sando da sruli sainformacio bazis
SeqmnaSi, raTa zustad Sefasdes turizmis Senatani regionul, erovnul da
globalur ekonomikaSi. amave dros mravalferovani buneba aqcevs
mogzaurobasa da turizms idealur mamoZravebel Zalad ekonomikuri
ganviTarebisaTvis bevr qveyanaSi, regionsa da sazogadoebaSi. faqtiurad,
turizmi iqca udides produqtad saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi msoflios bevri
qveynisaTvis. magaliTad: turizmi aris Semosavlis udidesi wyaro
saberZneTSi, italiaSi, espaneTSi, SveicariaSi da karibis qveynebis
umetesobaSi; xolo, turizmis industria - nomeri pirveli damsaqmebelia
avstraliaSi, braziliaSi, kanadaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, hon-kongSi,
italiaSi, iaponiaSi, singapurSi, did britaneTsa da aSS-Si [14, gv.11]
qveynebis, regionebis ganviTarebaSi turizmis socialur–ekonomikuri
rolis Sefasebis mizniT 2012 wlis 21-26 aprils, katarSi Catarda gaeros
konferencia “vaWroba da ganviTareba” (UNCTAD - XIII), sadac UNTAD –is
generaluri mdivani supaCei paniCpakdi (Supachai Panichpakdi) acxadebda, rom
turizmisa da qveynebis ganviTarebis parametrebs Soris dadebiTi korelacia
ufro metad TvalSisacemi xdeba wlidan wlamde. orive mimarTulebiT
gaumjobesebis miRweva ki SesaZlebelia mxolod ukeTesi politikiT, im
saministroebsa da departamentebs Soris TanamSromlobis koordinirebiT,
romlebic ayalibeben turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saTanado biznesgaremos.
konferenciaze aRiniSna, rom seqtori dReisaTvis ganviTarebadi qveynebis
mTliani Siga produqtis 50%-s Seadgens. UNTAD –is aRmasrulebelma
direqtorma konkurenciis, sagareo urTierTobebis da partniorobis dargSi
marsio favilam (Marcio Favilla) aRniSna, rom turizms Tavisi mniSvnelovani
adgili aqvs ,,mwvane” ganviTarebaSi da momdevno dekadebSi is ufro mZlavr
17
sityvas ityvis aseve mdgradi planetis, zrdadi ekonomikis da yvelasaTvis
ukeTesi cxovrebis SeqmnaSi.4
rogorc vnaxeT, turizmi xdeba erT–erTi ZiriTadi socialur–
ekonomikuri seqtori samyaroSi, mniSvnelovani segmenti msoflio vaWrobaSi.
Sida turizmi ekonomikuri rolis mxriv Sefasebulia aTjer ufro metad,
vidre saerTaSoriso turizmi. saerTaSoriso da Sida turizmi aris
mniSvnelovani da swrafad mzardi ganviTarebad qveynebSi, isini aZliereben
regions da Sedegd Zlierdeba TviTon seqtoric [57]. turizmi moicavs
dasvenebas da biznes-mogzaurobebs, aseve, mogzaurobas sxva miznebiT.
dagegmva unda Seexos yvela obieqts da momsaxurebas, romelzec arsebobs
moTxovna da raSic ixarjeba fuli lokalur garemoSi [81].
TiToeul turistul centrsa da teritorias aqvs is resursi, romelic
ganxilul unda iqnas rogorc turizmis ZiriTadi saxeoba da mimarTuleba
da adgilobriv doneze gaTvaliswinebul iqnas dargis strategiul
dagegmvaSi. ZiriTadi tendencia aris is, rom met turists surs miiRos
monawileoba sportul RonisZiebebSi, saTavgadasavlo turizmSi, vizitebisas
ainteresebT rekreacia, istoriis Seswavla, kulturisa da bunebrivi garemos
gacnoba. specialuri interesebi da saTavgadasavlo turizmi swrafad
farTovdeba, rogorc turizmis sxva specializebuli formebi, rogoricaa
kulturuli, SemecnebiTi, samedicino da religiuri turizmi. ekoturizmi
xdeba Zalian popularuli. mravali turisti interesdeba axali
„daniSnulebis adgiliT“ da axali turistuli produqtebiT, romlebic
kargad aris dagegmili da ar qmnis ekologiur an socialur problemebs.
aseve, sul ufro farTovdeba biznes mogzauroba, konferenciebi da
Sexvedrebi [11, gv.33].
turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia - aqtualuria seqtoris
mdgradi ganviTarebis SenarCuneba. mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia da
mdgradi turizmi gaerTianebuli erebis, WTO–s da mravali erovnuli da
adgilobrivi mTavrobis yuradRebis centrSia. 1992 wels msoflio samitze
4 www.unwto.org
18
miRebul iqna 21–e konvencia, mogzaurobis da turizmis industriis mdgradi
ganviTarebisaTvis. WTO–s mixedviT mdgradi turizmis roli niSnavs:
„mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebas, romelic TanxvedraSia Tanamedrove
turistis moTxovnebTan maspinZlobis regionebSi, aseve icavs da aZlierebs
SesaZleblobebs momavlisaTvis. is marTavs yvela resurss da am gziT
akmayofilebs ekonomikur, socialur, esTetikur moTxovnilebebs da mxars
uWers kulturaTa integracias, mniSvnelovan ekologiur procesebs,
biomravalferovnebas da cxovrebis mxardaWeris sistemebs“. konvenciaSi
xazgasmulia, rom mdgradi turizmi niSnavs bunebrivi, istoriuli da
kulturuli resursebis ganviTarebas xangrZlivi moxmarebisTvis momavalSi,
iseve rogorc dRes. faqtobrivad, turizmi zrdis Semosavlis miRebis
resursebs. mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebiT izRudeba garemoze uaryofiTi
zegavlena da socialur-kulturuli problemebi, izrdeba garemosdacviTi da
turistis kmayofilebis done da xarisxi. Sesabamisad turizmi, rogorc
dargTaSorisi kompleqsi aumjobesebs sazogadoebis cxovrebis dones [50,
gv.35-45 ].
mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi principebis CarCoebSi
SeiZleba davaskvnaT Semdegi:
• bunebrivi, istoriuli, da sxva turistuli resursebi konservirdeba
xangrZlivi gamoyenebisTvis momavalSi, maSin roca dResac moaqvs
sargebeli Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis. mdgradi ganviTarebiseuli
midgoma aris mniSvnelovani turizmSi, radgan es seqtori
damokidebulia ZiriTadad turistebis mozidvaze da aqtivobebze, es ki
mWidro kavSirSia arealis bunebriv garemosTan, istoriul da
kulturul memkvidreobasTan. Tu es resursebi degradirdeba, an
ingreva, maSin turizmic ver ganviTardeba. aseve resursebis konservacia
SesaZloa gaizardos turizmis zrdasTan erTad. kulturuli
tradiciebis da eTnikuri identobis sasurveli aspeqtebis SenarCuneba
aris mniSvnelovani elementi arealis kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacvaSi. turistuli resursebis konservacias SeuZlia daexmaros
19
rezidentebs, raTa maT Rrmad gaacnobieron TaviaanTi memkvidreoba da
mxari dauWiron mis SenarCunebas;
• turizmis ganviTareba aris dagegmili da marTuli, ise rom ar qmnis
seriozul ekologiur da socio–kulturul problemebs turistul
arealSi. garemos dagegmvis mxardaWera, SesaZleblobebis SenarCuneba
da simZlavreebis analizi aris mniSvnelovani saSualeba
garemosdacviTi da socio–kulturuli problemebis prevenciisTvis,
romelic SeiZleba turizmma gamoiwvios. maTi dacva ki turizmis
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels;
• turizmis arealis zogadi garemos xarisxi SenarCunebulia da
gaumjobesebuli, sadac es saWiroa. bevr turists surs imogzauros
mimzidvel da ekologiurad sufTa garemoSi. turizms SeuZlia
uzrunvelyos da gaaumjobesos garemos xarisxi. rezidentebisaTvisac
es Zalian mniSvnelovania;
• turistis dakmayofilebis maRali xarisxi uzrunvelyofs turistuli
regionisa Tu atraqciis popularobas da konkurentunarianobas.
atraqcia saWiroebs mudmiv ganaxlebas, raTa SeinarCunos mdgradoba da
iyos konkurentunariani;
• turizmidan miRebul ekonomikur sargebels mas axasiaTebs
multiplikatoruli efeqti. aseve aRniSnuli xels uwyobs sxva
dargebis ganviTarebasa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikuri
Semosavlebis zrdas. sazogadoebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT
Seqmnili turistuli proeqtebis warmoeba mniSvnelovani saSualebaa,
lokaluri rezidentebisTvis ekonomikuri Semosavlebisa da seqtoris
ganviTarebisaTvis [47, gv. 238-239].
turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis principebi ganapirobebs mis politikurad
moTxovnadobas. 21–e konvencia qmnis damcav fars planetis mdgradi
momavlisTvis. is danergili da aRiarebulia 182 qveynis mTavrobis mier.
msoflio turistuli organizacia, mogzaurobis da turizmis msoflio
sabWo, gaero rekomendacias aZlevs qveynebis mTavrobebsa da turizmis
20
sferoSi moRvawe yvela subieqts daicvas konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
principebi, kerZod:
• mTavroba da seqtorSi CarTuli yvela obieqti unda emsaxurebodes
turizmis mdgrad ganviTarebas;
• kompaniebma, sistemis da procedurebis Camoyalibebisas unda Seqmnan
mdgradi ganviTarebis pirobebi, rogorc erTiani menejmentis
funqciuri nawili da ganaxorcielon turizmis mdgradi
ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi [65].
mdgradi turizmi SesaZlebelia ganviTardes turizmis seqtoris
zedmiwevniT dagegmviT da menejmentiT. turizmis dagegmvis doneebia:
• saerTaSoriso done;
• erovnuli done;
• regionuli done;
• lokaluri saTemo done;
• sanaxaobis dagegmvis done;
• arqiteqturuli, landSaftirebis da inJineringis dizainis done [47, gv.
240].
turizmis dagegmva da marTva koordinirebuli unda iyos yvela doneze.
marTalia, mniSvnelovania, lokaluri da regionuli aqcentebi, magram is
aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes erovnul politikas da gegmebs [96].
21
1.2. turizmis roli da mniSvneloba qveynis strategiul ganviTarebaSi
turizmi sasargeblocaa da sazianoc garemosTvis. kargad dagegmili,
ganviTarebuli da marTuli turizmi qmnis axal samuSao adgilebs,
Semosavlebs da axal SesaZleblobebs adgilobrivi mewarmeebisTvis, raTa
Camoayalibon turistuli sawarmoebi. es yvelaferi aumjobesebs
rezidentebis cxovrebis standartebs. turistul produqtze moTxovna
anviTarebs infrastruqturas, romelic gamoiyeneba rezidentebis mier.
turizms SeuZlia astimuliros sxva ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, seqtorebi,
rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, mrewveloba da xelosnoba. turizmi aseve
xels uwyobs axali dargebis warmoSobas, astimulirebs kulturaTaSoris
gacvliT urTierTobebs, infrastruqturis, aseve komunaluri momsaxurebis
obieqtebisa da samsaxurebis modernizacias, romelic SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebuli iqnes, rogorc adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis, aseve turistebis
mier. turizmi xels uwyobs turistuli arealis, kerZod, bunebrivi garemos,
arqeologiuri, istoriuli mxareebis, xelosnobis, kulturuli tradiciebis
konservacias, ekologiis xarisxis gaumjobesebas, radgan es aris atraqcia
turistisTvis [90, gv.27-29].
Tu turizmi kargad ar aris dagegmili, marTuli da ganviTarebuli,
SeuZlia gamoiwvios Warbi dasaxleba, garemos dabinZureba da sxva
ekologiuri problemebi. turistebis mxridan bunebrivi konservirebuli
garemos da istoriuli teritoriebis arakontrolirebadma gamoyenebam
SesaZloa gamoiwvios maTi mdgomareobis gauareseba. kulturuli tradiciebis
zedmetma komercializebam SeiZleba Sedegad mogvces arealis kulturuli
memkvidreobis degradireba. saboloo jamSi ikargeba ekonomikuri sargebeli,
Tu ar gakontroldeba turizmis ganviTareba. ase, rom frTxili dagegmviT,
ganviTarebiT da menejmentiT turizmidan sargeblis maqsimizeba da
problemebis minimizeba SesaZlebelia, Tumca garkveuli kompromisebi
gardauvalia [43].
turistuli sistema unda iqnes gagebuli, rogorc dagegmili turizmi.
es sistema aris integrirebuli da dafuZnebuli moTxovna miwodebis
22
faqtorebze. moTxovnis faqtorebia saerTaSoriso da Sida turistebi.
miwodebis komponentebia turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis
adgilebi da sxva turistuli momsaxureba da servisi, transportireba, sxva
infastruqtura. miwodebis mxare cnobilia, rogorc turistuli produqti.
turizmi da garemo aris erTmaneTTan axlos dakavSirebuli. mdgradi
turizmis ganviTareba damokidebulia garemo resursebis xelSewyobaze
turizmisTvis. mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebaSi partniorebi arian turizmis
industria, garemos damcvelebi da adgilobrivi sazogadoeba [14, gv. 320].
yovelma lokalurma garemom, romelic moicavs ganviTarebad da
gafarToebad turizms, frTxilad unda Seafasos Tavisi resursebi
turizmisTvis. arsebuli da potenciuri turistuli atraqciebis da
aqtivobebis SefasebisTvis resursebi dakavSirebulia bunebriv garemosTan,
kulturul memkvidreobasTan da specializebulia TvisebebiT, rogoricaa:
ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, urbanuli adgilebi, soflis garemo, janmrTeloba
da medikamentebi, religiuri mimarTulebebi, turistuli SesaZleblobebis da
momsaxurebis arsebuli ganviTareba. transportireba da sxva
infrastruqtura da trenirebuli samuSao Zala. damatebiT, sxva moqmedi
faqtori turizmis ganviTarebaze, romelic unda Sefasdes aris turistuli
bazrebi, fasebi da turistuli arealis keTilmowyoba, konkurenti
daniSnulebis adgilebi, sazogadoebis mgrZnobeloba turizmis ganviTarebaze,
sazogadoebis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, arealis daculoba da
politikuri stabiluroba.5
turizmis sargebeli da problemebi adgilobrivi sazogadoebisTvis -
turizms SeuZlia moitanos mniSvnelovani sargebeli adgilobrivi
sazogadoebisaTvis. igi moicavs Semdeg aspeqtebs:
• mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma aris axali
samuSao adgilebi; turizmi samuSao adgilebs ZiriTadad qmnis
axalgazrdebisTvis, qalebisTvis, adgilobriv umciresobaTa
jgufebisTvis. turizmi dasaqmebas axorcielebs ara mxolod pirdapir,
5 www.unwto.org
23
sastumroebSi, restornebSi, da sxva turistul sawarmoebSi, aseve sxva
miwodebis seqtorSi, rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, xelosnoba da
mrewveloba. ekonomikurad depresiul arealSi samuSao adgilebi,
romelsac qmnis turizmi, SesaZloa Semcirdes axalgazrdebis
emigraciis Sedegad da eZebon samuSao sxvagan;
• turizmis ganviTarebas SeuZlia astimuliros adgilobrivi turistuli
sawarmoebi, es qmnis SesaZleblobebs adgilobrivi investirebisaTvis,
axal samuSao adgilebs, sargebels, Semosavlebs da a.S. ufro zogadad
ki mewarmeobis ganviTareba, romelic SesaZloa ar arsebuliyo am
adgilze manamde;
• gazrdili Semosavlebi iqmneba axali samuSao adgilebisgan da
turistuli mewarmeobisgan. es ki aumjobesebs adgilobrivi cxovrebis
standartebs. Tu komerciuli mewarmeoba aris adgilobrivTa
mflobelobaSi da mmarTvelobaSi, sargebeli, romelsac isini qmnian
isev imave teritoriaze rCeba;
• turizmi qmnis adgilobriv sagadasaxado Semosavlebs, romelic
SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnes komunaluri pirobebis, momsaxurebis da
infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaze, rogoricaa skolebi, samedicino
klinikebi, biblioTekebi, parkebi, rekreaciuli resursebi da gzebi;
• turizmSi dasaqmebulebi swavloben axal unar–Cvevebs da
teqnologiebs, rogoricaa kompiuteris gamoyeneba, klientebis
momsaxureba, es ki xels uwyobs adgilobrivi adamianuri resursebis
ganviTarebas, rac transferirebadia sxva ekonomikur aqtivobebSic;
• turizms SeuZlia Seqmnas axali bazrebi adgilobrivi produqciisTvis,
rogoricaa agraruli, meTevzeobis, xelovnebis, xelnakeTobebis,
samrewvelo produqciis, amasTanave astimulirebs sxva adgilobriv
ekonomikur mimarTulebebs. turistuli SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebam
SesaZloa xeli Seuwyos adgilobriv mSeneblobebs;
• turizmi astimulirebs da aumjobesebs sacalo gayidvebs, rekreacias,
kulturul resursebs, kerZod, specializebul maRaziebs, savaWro
24
ubnebs, parkebs, rekreacias, kulturul centrebs, Teatrebs, romlis
gamoyeneba SeuZliaT, rogorc adgilobriv rezidentebs, aseve
turistebs. turizmi exmareba kulturuli SesaZleblobebis da
aqtivobebis dafinansebas, rogoricaa Teatraluri warmodgenebi,
romlis Senaxvac rTulia turizmis gareSe;
• turistuli teritoriis garemos xarisxi SesaZloa gaumjobesdes,
rogorc turizmis Sedegi, radgan turistebi upiratesobas aniWeben
mimzidvel, daubinZurebel adgilebSi vizits. miwis gamoyeneba da
transportirebaze zrunva SesaZloa gaumjobesdes, radgan turizmi
xels uwyobs zogierTi adgilebis xelaxal ganviTarebas;
• turizmi aumjobesebs garemosdacviTi kulturuli identurobis
gacnobierebas, rezidentebis mxridan, roca isini xedaven, rom turisti
dadebiT emociebs gamoxatavs lokalur garemoze, kulturul da
istoriul memkvidreobaze. xSirad rezidentebi aviTareben da
uaxldebaT siamayis grZnoba TavianTi memkvidreobis gamo, roca xedaven
rom turistebi jerovnad afaseben maT, Sesabamisad, turizmi
astimulirebs kulturuli memkvidreobis ama Tu im aspeqtis
gamococxlebas, romelic sxva mxriv ikargeba Tanamedrove ganviTarebis
kvaldakval [21, gv.120-127; 90, gv.28-29].
sqema 1. 1. asaxavs turizmis ekonomikuri sargeblis nakadebs lokalur
garemoze. rogorc diagramaze aris aRniSnuli, ekonomikuri sargebeli
izRudeba, roca produqciis momarageba xdeba gare arealidan. adgilobrivad
warmoebuli saqonelis da momsaxurebis gamoyeneba ki iZleva sargeblis
zrdis saSualebas adgilobriv ekonomikaSi. diagrama aseve gviCvenebs, rom
zogierTi atraqcia, SesaZleblobebi da servisebi – parkebi, sportuli
centrebi, Teatrebi, maRaziebi, xelovnebis da xelosnobis galereebi –
ganviTarebuli turizmisTvis, SesaZlebelia gamoiyenon mnaxvelebma.
25
turizmi da sazogadoeba sqema 1.1
wyaro: WTO, Guide for Local Authorities on Development Local Tourism, p.30
arasworad dagegmilma da ganviTarebulma turizmma SeiZleba
gamoiwvios Semdegi problemebi adgilobriv garemoSi:
• fexiT mosiaruleTa da transportis siWarbe quCebSi, parkirebis
problemebi, xmauri, rac arakontrolirebuli turizmis Sedegia;
• haeris dabinZureba SesaZloa gamoiwvios turistebis da maTi gadamyvani
operatorebis satransporto saSualebebis siWarbem. aq mniSvneloba
aqvs am saSualebebis konstruqcias, Tvisebriobas;
• turistuli areali SesaZloa gaxdes aramimzidveli, rac SeiZleba
gamoiwvios turistuli produqtis Seuferebelma dizainma, uSno
reklamebma da danagvianebam turistebis mxridan;
• mniSvnelovani turistuli atraqciebi, rogoricaa muzeumebi, Teatrebi,
parkebi SesaZloa imdenad Warbad iyos gamoyenebuli, rom adgilobriv
rezidentebs ar hqondeT xelmisawvdomoba, es iwvevs turistebis mimarT
agresias adgilobrivebis mxridan;
• nacionaluri parkebis, arqeologiuri, istoriuli mxareebis
arakontrolirebadma gamoyenebam turistebis mxridan - SesaZloa
26
gamoiwvios maTi dazianeba, magaliTad, veluri garemos xSiri
monaxuleba xels uSlis mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros bunebriv
ganviTarebas. aseve SesaZloa gauaresdes istoriuli da arqiteqturuli
Zeglebis mdgomareoba;
• SesaZloa gamoiwvios kulturuli memkvidreobis, xelosnobis,
xelovnebis degradireba, daikargos kulturuli identuroba, Tu is
iqneba komercializebuli da modificirebuli, aseve daikargos
tradiciebi, lokaluri kulturuli faseulobebi;
• ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba, adgilobrivi sazogadoebisTvis da
rezidentebisTvis SesaZloa SeizRudos, Tu adamianuri resursebi
konkretuli arealis garedan iqneba dasaqmebuli daniSnulebis
adgilze. xSirad xdeba, rom araadgilobrivi piri aris turistuli
obieqtis mesakuTre. aseve ekonomikuri danakargia, roca meti wili
turizmSi gamoyenebuli saqonlisa aris importirebuli garedan. Tumca
es SesaZlebelia aucilebelic iyos adgilze ararsebobis gamo.
dagegmvas, gegmebis mudmiv danergvas da efeqtian menejments SeuZlia
sargeblis maqsimizeba da problemebis minimizeba. Tumca danakargebi aris
gardauvali, maT Soris turizmSic. sazogadoebam unda gadawyvitos, rogor
SeuZlia gazardos sargebeli, Seamciros problemebi, moelodes danakargebs,
sargebels da problemebsac turizmis ganviTarebisgan [90, gv.29-31].
turizmis funqcionaluri sistema dafuZnebulia miwodeba–moTxovnis
faqtorebze, rogorc aris sqema 1.2–Si [90,gv.32]. moTxovnis faqtorebi moicavs
potenciur turistul bazrebs, Sidas da saerTaSorisos. miwodebis
faqtorebi warmodgenilia atraqciebiT, transportirebiT, simZlavreebiT,
momsaxurebiT da turizmis miwodebiT.
27
turizmis funqcionaluri sistema sqema 1. 2.
wyaro: Vacationscape. Clare Gunn. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. 1997.p.32
ganTavsebis saSualebebi, mogzaurobisa da momsaxurebis mravali
saxeoba, atraqciebi da sxva mimarTulebebi tipurad moicavs turizmis
komerciul, kerZo seqtors, maT erTobliobaSi uwodeben turizmis
industrias. turistebis molodinebis da STabeWdilebebis uzrunvelsayofad,
saWiroa investiciebis ganxorcieleba turistul samewaremo saqmianobaSi,
sadac operaciebis efeqtianobiT, inovaciebis danergviT, momsaxurebis
xarisxis gaumjobesebiT unda moxdes Tanamedrove turistuli produqtebis
formireba, romelic pasuxobs turistebis molodins [42, gv.12-20].
turistuli atraqciebis mravali saxeoba, rogoricaa parkebi,
arqeologiuri da istoriuli teritoriebi xSirad gvxvdeba samTavrobo
saagentoebis mflobelobaSi, maTi mmarTvelobis qveS. miRebuli
SemosavlebiT xdeba operaciuli xarjebis dafarva da am adgilebis
ganviTareba. transporti da sxva infrastruqtura aris tipurad mTavrobis an
kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtoris Sereuli korporaciebis mflobelobis da
mmarTvelobis qveS [42, gv.213-220].
turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis marketingi da turizmis sistemis
sxva instituciuri elementebi aseve aris tipurad mTavrobis, an Sereulad
28
kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtoris erToblivi pasuxismgeblobis qveS. mTavrobis
mxridan turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da misi koordinireba aris
mniSvnelovani, raTa miRebuli iqnes mravalferovani turistuli obieqtebi
da ekonomikuri sargebeli sazogadoebis mxridan seriozuli, ekologiuri,
ekonomikuri da sociokulturuli problemebis Seqmnis gareSe [74].
turizmis seqtoris warmatebuli ganviTareba konkretul teritoriaze,
moiTxovs mravalferovani turistuli produqtis Seqmnas da turistuli
bazris ganviTarebas. unda Seiqmnas produqti, romelic uzrunvelyofs
Tanamedrove turistis moTxovnilebaTa da molodinis dakmayofilebas.
magram amave dros ar SeiZleba misi siWarbe, raTa ar Seuqmnas ekologiuri
da socialuri problemebi adgilobriv sazogadoebas. turistuli bazari da
turizmis produqcia unda moeqces eTikur CarCoSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs
mdgradi, dabalansebuli turizmis ganviTarebas da moaxdens sazogadoebrivi
sargeblis optimizacias. garemo da turizmi mWidro kavSirSi arian
erTmaneTTan. garemo arsebobs mravali atraqcias turistebisTvis xolo
turizmis ganviTarebas SeuZlia hqondes rogorc pozitiuri, aseve negatiuri
gavlena garemoze. mdgradi turizmis ganviTareba damokidebulia eko
resursebis dacvaze efeqtian gamoyenebaze [47, gv. 11-13].
mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis lobistebi arian turizmis industria
– turizmis komerciuli sawarmoebis mesakuTreebi da menejerebi; garemos
damcvelebi icaven garemos konservacias da sazogadoeba – rezidentebi,
sazogadoebrivi jgufebi.
sqema 1.3. partniorebs Soris interaqciis ilustraciaa, romelic
aucilebelia adgilobrivi sazogadoebis cxovrebis xarisxis
gasaumjobeseblad. agreTve miRweul unda iqnes turistuli resursebis
konservaciis pirobebSi gonivruli sargebelis zRvari turistebisTvis da
turizmis industriisTvis.
29
turizmis industria, garemo da sazogadoeba. sqema 1.3.
wyaro: WTO, Guide for Local Authorities on Development Local Tourism, p.34
yvela zemoT aRniSnul partniors Soris kooperireba aris
mniSvnelovani winapiroba mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis misaRwevad,
romelic aumjobesebs adgilobrivi rezidentebis cxovrebis xarisxs. aseve
aucilebelia kooperireba sxvadasxva dainteresebul jgufebs Soris.
yoveli adgilobrivi areali, an sazogadoeba, romelic CarTulia
turizmis ganviTarebaSi, an afarToebs arsebuli turizmis seqtors,
valdebulia maqsimalurad zustad Seafasos resursebi turizmisTvis. es
Sefaseba aucilebelia teritoriaze turizmis ganviTarebis potencialis
dasadgenad, Tu romelia turizmis metad Sesaferisi mimarTuleba, romelic
unda ganviTardes. Tu dadginda, rom arsebobs ganviTarebis potenciali,
Sesrulebuli samuSao qmnis safuZvels Sedges turizmis ganviTarebis
detaluri gegma.
turistuli resursebis saxeebis Sefasebis obieqtebia: atraqciebi da
aqtivobebi, dakavSirebuli bunebriv garemosTan, romelsac SeuZlia Seqmnas
zRvispira da sazRvao turizmis SesaZleblobebi, sawylosno sportis
saxeobebi, saTxilamuro turizmi, veluri garemos buneba da ekoturizmi,
mogzauroba, meTevzeoba da nadiroba, specialuri bunebrivi sanaxaobebi,
30
rogoricaa CanCqeri, gamoqvabulebi, saTavgadasavlo turizmi, kldeze cocva,
alpinizmi, naosnoba da specialuri interesebis turizmi, dakavSirebuli
turistebis specifikur interesebTan, frinvelebis dakvirveba, veluri
orqideebis turi, aseve arealis klimatic ki SesaZloa Sefasdes, rogorc
sanaxavi atraqcia. rogorc wesi ganixileba turistuli SesaZleblobebis
yvela mimarTuleba:
• atraqcia da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli kulturul memkvidreobasTan,
arqeologiuri adgilebi, istoriuli Senobebi, monumentebi, specialuri
istoriuli sanaxaobebi, rogoricaa xidebi, industriuli mxareebi,
istoriuli RonisZiebebis gacocxleba da cxovrebis stili qmnian
SesaZleblobebs vizitorebisTvis;
• kulturuli memkvidreobis sxva aspeqtebi: cekva, simRera, tradiciuli
Cacmuloba, kerZebi, tradiciuli arqiteqtura da soflebi, xelovneba
qmnis SesaZleblobebs wardgenis organizebisTvis, rogoricaa
xelosnobis nimuSebis da specialuri nimuSebis bazrobebi da
festivalebi, warmoeba da gayidvebi, soflis turebi da soflis
turizmis ganviTareba;
• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, romlebic kavSirSia ekonomikur
aqtivobebTan, SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnas fermebis da
plantaciebis, xelosnebis da Tanamedrove qarxnebis daTvalierebis
turebi;
• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebulia urbanul teritoriebTan
(urbanuli turizmi) da qmnis sanaxaobebis kombinacias, rogoricaa
istoriuli adgilebi, muzeumebi, saintereso arqiteqturuli stilis
mqone Senobebi, monumentebi, Teatraluri warmodgenebi, Ramis klubebi
da ZiriTadi sportuli sanaxaobebi, sadiloba restoranSi da Sopingi.
mravali urbanuli adgili da kurorti vargisia konferenciis
mosawyobad;
• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli soflis landSaftTan da
cxovrebis stilTan qmnis SesaZleblobas soflis turizmis
31
ganviTarebisTvis. fermaSi darCena, plantaciebi da monawileoba
aqtivobebSi, romelic asocirdeba am adgilebTan, nadiroba, fexiT
mosiaruleTa turizmi;
• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli janmrTelobasTan,
dasvenebasTan, medikamentur an mineralebiT mkurnalobasTan. garkveul
jgufebSi agreTve popularulia medikamentozuri mkurnalobis uaryofa
da daintereseba mTis klimatiT. Tanamedrove, tradiciuli da bunebrivi
samedicino mkurnaloba qmnis SesaZleblobebs gamajansaRebeli
kurortebisTvis da bunebrivi samkurnalo saSualebebis warmoebisTvis;
• fasdeba specializebuli atraqciebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi,
romelic moicavs specifikur da saganmanaTleblo instituciebs,
sportuli turizmis SesaZleblobas da Sesabamis RonisZiebebs,
azartul TamaSebs, religiur adgilebs, Tu sxvadasxva musikalur
mimdinareobebs da a.S.;
• turizmis sxva formebTan dakavSirebuli resursebi moicavs:
mniSvnelovan religiur ritualebs, romelic atraqciaa
piligrimebisTvis. aseve nostalgiur turizms. adamianebi xSirad
brundebian religiur an tradiciul dResaswaulebze, im adgilebSi,
sadac gautarebiaT bavSvoba, moinaxuleben mSobliur mxares, an sadac
swavlobdnen, ibrZodnen da a.S.;
• garemos xarisxi xSirad qmnis turistebisaTvis dasvenebis motivacias,
mas gansazRvravs: haeris done, wylis xarisxi, dabinZurebisgan
daculi parkebi, rekreacia, mimzidveli Senobebi, Ria adgilebi,
savaWro centrebi, quCebi Ramis ganaTebebiT, sazogadoebrivi
transportis arseboba, kriminalis dabali done da sxva elementebi;
• turizmis mimzidvelobas ganapirobebs sastumroebi da sxva ganTavsebis
adgilebi, restornebi, turebi da mogzaurobis servisebi, turistebis
sainformacio momsaxureba, Sopingi turistuli SesaZleblobebis da
momsaxurebis sxva saxeebi;
• xSirad moZvelebuli sastumroebis restavrireba xdeba, raTa upasuxos
32
turistis moTxovnebs. istoriuli sastumroebi warmatebulad
gadakeTdeba turistebis ganTavsebis adgilad;
• mniSvnelovania arealis transportis arsebuli mdgomareoba da sxva
infrastruqturac, rogoricaa wylis miwodeba, eleqtro energiis
miwodeba narCenebis marTva da telekomunikacia;
• aucilebelia Sefasdes kvalificiuri an trenirebuli muSakebis
sargeblianoba turizmis yvela aspeqtSi. xSirad turizmis
ganviTarebis mizezi aris adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis
miRweva. magram trenireba aris Cveulebriv aucilebeli, raTa Seiqmnas
turizmis seqtorisTvis kvalificirebuli personali [90].
zemoT CamoTvlili resursebis tipebis garda unda Sefasdes sxva
faqtorebic, kerZod:
• arsebuli turistuli bazrebi, ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso da
adgilobrivi turistuli bazrebis potenciali, maTi interesebi
atraqciebis mimarT;
• potenciuri turistuli bazrebis atraqciebis, turistTa mogzaurobis
da ganTavsebis fasebi. turisti daniSnulebis adgils xSirad irCevs
mogzaurobis fasis da xelsayreli faqtorebis SedarebiT, iseve
rogorc atraqciis xarisxis, SesaZleblobebis da servisis mixedviT;
• turistuli arealis potenciuri da arsebuli komfortabeluroba sxva
ekonomikuri aqtivobebis paralelurad;
• rekomendaciebi arealisTvis arsebul nacionaluri da regionuli
turizmis ganviTarebis politikaSi da gegmaSi [83];
• zogadad sazogadoebis sentimentebi imis Sesaxeb, rom turizmi
SesaZloa ganviTardes, misi sargeblianobis da SesaZlo problemebis
ganxilvebze dafuZnebiT;
• arsebuli adgilobrivi mTavroba da kerZo seqtoris organizebuli
struqturebi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. zogi arsebuli regulacia
dakavSirebuli turizmTan, rac ganapirobebs adgilobrivi
SesaZleblobebis mobilizebas investireba moaxdinon turizmis
33
ganviTarebaSi;
• arsebuli trening instituciebi da programebi, raTa Seiqmnas
kvalificirebuli personali turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebisTvis. yvela
es faqtori SesaZloa gaumjobesdes drois ganmavlobaSi
saWiroebisamebr. rekomendaciebi gaumjobesebaze Cveulebriv
xorcieldeba turizmis dagegmvis etapze;
• sazogadoebis daculoba da kriminalis done arealSi, politikuri
stabilurobis xarisxi qveyanaSi, regionSi, sadac mdebareobs
turistuli daniSnulebis adgili da turistze am faqtorebis
zemoqmedebis xarisxi, garkveuli drois monakveTSi, radgan es faqtori
cvalebadia;
• sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, gansakuTrebiT
sanitaruli, higienis mdgomareoba da epidemiuri daavadebis
gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba arealSi. am faqtorze mudmivi zrunvaa
saWiro [90].
turizmis resursebis da turizmze zemoqmedi sxva faqtorebis Sefaseba
Seqmnis safuZvels gadawyvetilebis misaRebad imis Taobaze, aqvs mocemul
areals turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali Tu ara. analizis Sedegebi, aseve
miuTiTebs turizmis saxeebsa da ganvrcobaze. es ki Seqmnis safuZvels
turizmis detaluri dagegmvisaTvis.
Tu areals ar aqvs sakmarisi resursebi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, an
arsebobs ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi, rogoricaa magaliTad,
rTuli transportireba, politikuri arastabiluroba, maSin realisturi
gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli, raTa ganviTardes turizmi, rogorc
minimum mimdinare periodisTvis. saWiro iqneba farTo finansuri da
administraciuli resursis gamoyeneba, raTa miRweul iqnes turizmis
warmatebuli ganviTareba. aseve sxva ekonomikuri seqtorebic unda iqnes
gamokvleuli misi ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis. [3]
34
1.3. adgilobrivi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi
ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna
turizmis dagegmvis mTavari mizani aris sazogadoebisaTvis socialur-
ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba, aseve misi mdgradi ganviTareba, romelic
gulisxmobs, rogorc garemos dacvis kuTxiT swori politikis
Camoyalibebas, aseve adgilobrivi kulturis da faseulobebis SenarCunebas.
turizmis strategiuli dagegmvisaTvis mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva
komponentebis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa: turistuli atraqciebi da
aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti, servisi, infrastruqtura
da instituciuri elementebi. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis gaanalizeba
mniSvnelovania rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli da lokaluri
gaviTarebis TvalsazrisiT [85].
lokaluri da regionali ganviTarebis problemebze muSaoba 1960 – 70
iani wlebidan iwyeba. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SemuSavebulia
mravali Teoriuli da praqtikuli midgoma. cxadia, rom Tanamedrove
pirobebSi informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTarebam, qveynebs Soris mWidro
ekonomikurma kavSirebma, warmoSva regionuli ganviTarebis politikisadmi
axali, inovaciuri midgomebis formirebis aucilebloba. aseve, regionuli
politikis SemuSavebaSi instituciuri, resursuli, socialur-ekonomikuri
faqtorebis da detreminantebis gamovlena da Sefaseba gaxda erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani faqtori politikis da modelebis implementaciis
TvalasazrisiT. [17, gv. 87]
samecniero literaturaSi regionis cnebasTan dakavSirebiT
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebia dafiqsirebuli. definiciebSi gamokveTilia
administraciul-teritoriuli, ekonomikur-geografiuli, politikur-
ekonomikuri midgomebi. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom regionSi aucileblad
moiazreba garkveuli teritoria an teritoriuli sivrce [17, gv. 9-10].
magaliTad, gamoyofen urbanul, industrul, turistul regionebs [45, gv. 7-8].
35
regionuli ekonomikuri politikis SemuSavebis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT
aqtualuria sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelwifo
doneze aucilebelia sakiTxebis prioritetizacia, rogorc erovnul, aseve
regionul doneze. Cveni azriT prioritetebis sistema da arsebuli
samoqmedo gegmebi winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes erTmaneTTan [55].
cxadia, rom politikis mgegmavebma, strategiuli miznebidan da amocanebidan
gamomdinare, unda gaiTvaliswinon socialuri, ekonomikuri da sxva
faqtorebi, rac sabolooდ ganapirobebs regionis konkurentunarianobas.
regionis konkurentunarianobasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso mosazrebebi
gaaCnia krugmans, igi mxars uWers idias, rom “regionuli
konkurentunarianobas” gaaCnia garkveuli upiratesobebi vidre “erovnul
konkurentunarianobas”, vinaidan regionuli ekonomika aris ufro metad
gaxsnili vaWrobasa da ekonomikuri urTierTobebisaTvis vidre erovnuli
ekonomika [45, gv. 10]. Sesabamisad, teritoriul (regionul)
konkurentunarianobas SeuZlia pozitiuri zegavlena moaxdinos mTlianad
ekonomikis ganviTarebaze.
lokaluri da regionuli ganviTarebisadmi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis
midgomebi. tradiciuli “zemodan-qvemoT” mmarTvelobiTi midgomiT
gadawyvetilebebis miReba da strategiebis implementacia xdeba centraluri
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis da politikis mgegmavebis mier. aRniSnuli
midgomiT, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi naklebad xdeba adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis CarTva. tradiciuli midgomebisagan
gansxvavebulia e.w. “qvemodan-zemoT” midgoma, romelSic xdeba adgilobrivi
warmomadgenlebis CarTva, uflebamosilebis decentralizacia [45, gv. 17].
(ixileT sqema 1.1)
36
tradiciuli ganviTarebis politika
lokaluri da rgionuli ganviTareba
• “zemodan qvemoT” midgoma,
sadac gadawyvetilebis miReba
teritoriis Sesaxeb miiReba
erovnul centrebSi;
• imarTeba erovnuli
centraluri administraciis
mier;
• ganviTarebisadmi seqtoruli
midgoma;
• industriuli proeqtebi;
• fnansuri mxardaWera da,
stimulebi da subsidia
ganisazRvreba, rogorc
ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdis
faqtori.
• teritoriebis ganviTaraeba,
iniciativebi modis qvemodan;
• decentralizacia, vertikaluri
kooperacia samTavrobo
rgolebs Soris da
horizontaluri koopereacia
sajaro da kerZo seqtorebs
Soris;
• ganviTarebisadmi teritoriuli
midgoma;
• teritoriebis potencialis
gamoyeneba, imisaTvis, rom
moxdes adgilobrivi
ekonomikuri sistemebis
stimulireba.
wyaro: Pike Andy, Rodriguez-Pose Andres, Tomaney John, Local and Regional Development, By Routledge, 2006.
P.17
lokaluri da regional ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT samecniero
literaturaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis koncefciebi da Teoriebi, romelic
saSualebas gvaZlevs siRrmiseulad gavaanalizoT movlenebi da procesebi
turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT. unda
aRiniSnos, rom Teoriebma da koncefciebma gaiara garkveuli evoluciis
procesi. Sesabamisad, Camoyalibda Tanamedrove garemo pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT axali mosazrebebi, sadac mocemulia xedvebi regionul
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia
aRniSnuli koncefciebis gaanalizeba turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis
WrilSi. riCi da krauCi ყოფენ sxvadasxva tipis turistuli daniSnulebis
37
adgilებs Semdegnairad: qveyana, qveynebis gaerTianeba, administraciuli
erTeuli, lokaluri regioni, dedaqalaqi an qalaqi [47, gv.108].
Tanamedrove pirobebSi turistuli resursebi gaxda ufro metad
specializebuli, Sesabamisad, aucilebeli gaxda inovaciuri teqnologiebis
danergva da gamoyeneba. rac ganapirobebs rogorc qveynebis, aseve regionebis
kokurentunarianobis amaRlebas. konkurencia warmoadgens erT-erT
mniSvnelovan faqtors turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan
konkurentul garemoSi turistuli produqtebis xarisxis, warmoebis
efeqtianobis gziT xdeba momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba,
rac sabolooდ pozitiurad aisaxeba industriis ganviTarebaze [81, gv. 23-27].
harvardis universitetis profesorma maikl porterma naSromSi “erebis
konkurentuli upiratesoba” SeimuSava modeli, romlis adaptireba moxda
turizmis industriasTan. profesori norbert vanhofi aRniSnavs, rom
porteris naSromze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vimsjeloT “regionebis
konkurentul upiratesobaze”. porteris mier Camoyalibebuli modelis
mixedviT turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis (regonis) konkurentuli
upiratesoba efuZneba oTx urTierTdakavSirebul determinants, romelsac
igi uwodebs “almass”.
1. Ffaqtorulი pirobebi, romelSic igulisxmeba warmoebis faqtorebi და
romelic turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis konkurentuli
upiratesobis misaRwevad;
2. moTxovnis pirobebi - turizmis produqtebsa da momsaxurebaze
moTxovnis buneba;
3. dakavSirebuli da damxmare industriebi - aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba is
industriebi, romlebic pirdapir an arapirdapir arian dakavSirebuli
turizmis industriasTan;
4. bazris struqtura, metoqeoba, organizeba da strategiebi – turistuli
daniSnulebis adgilebSi ekonomikuri subieqtebis metoqeoba. [47, გვ.115]
38
aRniSnuli faqtorebis garda porteri aseve gamoyofs or damatebiT
cvlads cvlilebebsa da mTavrobas, romelTac SeuZliaT gavlena moaxdinon
procesebze. porteris mier warmodgenili modeli garkveulwilad
warmoadgens urTierTgamaZlierebel sistemas, sadac determinantebi aris
erTmaneTTan kavSirSi.
mecnierebi, mkvlevarebi da praqtikosebi regionuli ganviTarebis da
konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas amaxvileben
klasterebze, maT rolsa da mniSvnelobaze [46, gv. 10]. porteris mixedviT
klasteri aris “biznesis konkretul sferoSi erTmaneTTan
urTierTdakavSirebuli kompanebis da sxva instituciebis geografiuli
koncentracia” [44, გვ. 78]. birgampi da festeri klasters ganmartavs, rogorc
biznes subieqtebis an sxva organizaciebis jgufs, romel jgufebSic wevroba
warmoadgens konkurentunarianobis ganmsazRvrel elements TiToeuli
moTamaSisaTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom klasterebis erT-erTi mTavari
daniSnuleba aris, rogorc regionis aseve qveynis konkurentunarianobis
uzrunvelyofa. am TvalsazrisiT turizmis industrias SeuZlia pozitiuri
gavlena moaxdinos regionis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. vinaidan turistuli
produqti Sedgeba sxvadasxva momsaxurebebisgan, rogoricaa atraqciა,
ganTavseba, transporti da sxva momsaxureba, igi SesaZlebelia gaxdes
stimulis mimcemi klasteringis procesisadmi. mikele skarpino turistul
klasterTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs, rom warmatebuli klasteris
ganviTareba damokidebulia codnis da informaciis efeqtian gamoyenebaze,
aseve klasteris monawileebs Soris konstruqciul da saqmian kavSirebze [46,
gv. 11].
rac Seexeba turistul klasters estekao da feriera ganmartavs, rom
turistuli klasteri aris geografiuli koncentracia kompaniebis da
institutebis, romlebic CarTulebi arian turistul aqtivobebSi. fereira
aRniSnavs, rom turistuli klasteri moicavs, rogorc industriis
tradiciul moTamaSeebs (ganTavseba, kveba, garToba, operatorebi da
samogzauro agentebi, transporti) aseve, sxva dakavSirebul aqtivobebs,
39
rogoricaa mxardamWeri aqtivobebi, satransporto infrastruqtura, ganTleba
da treiningi, biznes servisebi da konsultacia da a.S. [46, gv. 12].
unda aRiniSnos, rom klasterebis Teoriis popularobis miuxedavad mas
hyavs kritikosebic, romelTac gaaCniT garkveuli SeniSvnebi klasterebis
konceptualur xedvasTan dakavSirebiT. martiani da sanli aRweren
klasterebs, rogorc qaotur koncefcias. aseve mkvlevarebis azriT ar aris
cxadi, rogor SeiZleba konkurencia iyos teritoriuli da ganxiluli
lokalur da regionul doneze. kritikuli mosazrebebia klasterebis
formaciis socialur aspeqtebze da dinamikaze. zemoT aRniSnulis
miuxedavad klasterebze dafuZnebuli porteriseuli mosazrebebi didi
popularobiT sargeblobs samecniero literaturaSi. [5]
turizmis industriasa da regionul ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
saintereso mosazrebebia SemoTavazebuli opermenis mier. unda aRiniSnos,
rom opermenis modeli gankuTvnilia ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis. opermenis
mier SemuSavebul modelSi gamoiyofa formaluri da araformaluri
turistuli seqtori. formaluri turizmis seqtorSi ganixileba iseTi
sakiTxebi, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso sastumro standarti, investiciebi,
mogebis transferi, importirebuli kvebis produqtebi da saSeni masalebi.
aRniSnuli xedvis mixedviT qveynebis mTavroba turizmis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT iTvaliswinebs mxolod am faqtorebs. araformaluri
seqtoris SemTxvevaSi, ganixileba ufro farTo speqtri industriaSi
CarTuli subieqtebis. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebis gamaxvileba xdeba
Semosavlis miRebaze, maT multiplikaciur efeqtebze. modelis mixedviT
turistulma daniSnulebis adgilma unda gadawyvitos turizmis romeli
mimarTulebis ganviTareba iqneba ufro metad efeqtiani. garda amisa
mniSvnelovania formaluri da araformaluri seqtorebis interaqcia,
formaluri seqtori ufro metad ganixileba masobrivi turizmis WrilSi.
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom regionuli
ganviTarebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis TvalsazrisiT, aucilebelia
40
xelisuflebam Seafasos, ra tipis aqtivobebiT aris SesaZlebeli ufro meti
sargeblis miReba adgilobrivi rezidentebisaTvis [39, gv. 509-511].
lokaluri da regionuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT mkvlevarebSi da
praqtikosebSi gansakuTrebuli popularulobiT sargeblobs mdgradi
ganviTarebis modelebi. mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia SemoTavazebulia
bunebis dacvis msoflio kavSiris mier. zogadad mdgrad ganviTarebaSi
igulisxmeba procesi, romlis farglebSi ganviTareba xdeba resursebis
naklebi zianis da gamofitvis gareSe gamoyeneba. unda aRiniSnos, rom mdgrad
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxvadasxva definiciebi. msofilio
turizmis organizacia Semdegi saxiT ganmartavs [45, გვ.319-320].
“turizmis mdgradi ganviTareba akmayofilebs Tanamedrove turistTa da
maspinZeli regionebis moTxovnebs da imavdroulad icavs da afarTovebs
SesaZleblobebs momavlisaTvis. igi iTvaliswinebs yvela arsebuli
resursebis menejments imgvarad, rom kulturuli xelSeuxeblobis, arsebiTi
ekologiuri procesebis, biologiuri mravalferovnebis da sicocxlis
xelSemwyobi sistemebis saTanado movla-patronobasTan erTad
dakmayofildes ekonomikuri, socialuri da esTetikuri moTxovnebi”.
mdgradi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT gamoikveTa Semedegi ZiriTadi
prioritetebi:
• ekologiuri mdgradoba;
• socialuri da kulturuli mdgradoba;
• ekonomikuri mdgradoba.
norbert vanhofis azriT mdgradi turizmis mizani unda iyos
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gaumjobeseba, vizitorTa
sasiamovno STabeWdilebebis uzrunvelyofa, garemos შენახვა da SenarCuneba.
turizmis dagegmva unda ganvixiloT, rogorc sistemuri procesi,
romelic moicavs garkveul etapebs:
• konkretuli miznebis gansazRvra, romelic aucilebelia turizmis
ganviTarebisaTvis;
41
• mosamzadebeli, kvleviTi samuSaoebis Catareba;
• mimoxilva da Sefaseba yvela Sesabamisi elementebis;
• mopovebuli informaciis analizi da sinTezi;
• turizmis ganviTarebis politikis da gegmis Camoyalibeba;
• sxvadasxva rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba [45, gv.41].
konkretuli proeqtebis dagegmva unda eyrdnobodes Tanmimdevruli
nabijebis gadadgmas, rogoricaa proeqtis identifikacia, skriningi,
organizaciis ganviTareba, finansebi, implementacia da menejmenti.
turistulma proeqtebma sargebeli unda moutanos adgilobriv mosaxleobas
da ar unda Seuqmnas problemebi, rogorc garemos dacvis, aseve socialur-
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT.
adgilobrivma dawesebulebebma (samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo) unda
SeimuSaon dagegmvis, ganviTarebis garkveuli standartebi. standartebis
SemuSaveba damokidebulia garkveul faqtorebze, rogoricaa: limitebi
Senoba-nagebobebis simaRleze, landSaftze, parkirebis sistemis
mowesrigebaze, sazogadoebriv xelmisawvdomobaze, sxvadasxva komunikaciis
sistemis mowesrigebaze. sanapiro zolze samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catareba
moiTxovs garkveuli standartebis dacvas. arqiteqturuli, sainJinro
dizainis kuTxiT, Sesabamisi aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba aris Zalian
mniSvnelovani. aseve mniSvnelovania garkveuli standartebi servisis
xarisxis kuTxiT, igi unda Seesabamebodes garkveul moTxovnebs da ar unda
iwvevdes momxmareblebis, turistebis imedgacruebas.
dagegmva aris procesi, romelic gulisxmobs garkveuli miznebis
gansazRvras da am miznebis misaRwevad strategiebis SemuSavebas. dagegmva
turizmis kuTxiT gulisxmobs sazogadoebisaTvis socialur-ekonomikuri
sargeblis miRebas, aseve mdgradi ganviTarebis, garemos dacvis kuTxiT
garkveuli politikis SemuSavebas. [7]
gegmebi klasificirdebian strategiul da operatiul gegmebad.
grZelvadian gegmaSi igulisxmeba 15 wlamde drois periodi, magram aseve
SeiZleba iyos 10 dan 20 wlamde periodi. grZelvadiani gegmebis SemTxvevaSi
42
proeqtis ganviTarebisaTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba xdeba pirveli 5
wlis Semdgom periodSi. Tumca SesaZlebelia moicavdes ufro moklevadian
periods 2 - dan 3 wlamde. arsebobs ramdenime ZiriTadi midgoma turizmis
dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT, esenia: [45; gv. 67]
uwyveti da moqnili midgoma - aRniSnuli tipis midgoma gulisxmobs
imas, rom gegma unda iyos adaptirebuli da unda Seesabamebodes cvalebadi
garemos pirobebs, yovelgvari cvlileba, modifikacia, gegmaSi unda moxdes
konkretuli miznis da turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis
Sesabamisad. rogorc wesi, moklevadian perspeqtivaSi rekomendaciebi aris
ufro metad specifikuri xasiaTis, xolo grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mas aqvs
saerTo xasiaTi da eyrdnoba drois konkretul periodSi arsebul situacias.
kompleqsuri midgoma - turizmis ganviTarebis yvela aspeqti unda
gaviTvaliswinoT dagegmvis procesSi. arsebobs garkveuli komponentebi
turizmis sistemaSi: turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis
saSualebebi, sxva turistuli saWiroebebi da servisebi, transporti,
infrastruqtura.
integrirebuli midgoma - turizmi ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc
calke mdgomi sistema, igi aris erTiani ganviTarebis politikis
integrirebuli nawili, rogorc nacionaluri, aseve regionuli
TvalsazrisiT.
turizmis ganviTareba garkveulwilad sensitiuria garemos mimarT,
amitom aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT swori politikis Camoyaliebeba raTa
naklebi ziani miadges garemos, aseve mas aqvs garkveuli gavlena socio-
kulturuli TvalsazrisiT. turizmis mdgradi ganviTareba gulisxmobs
aRniSnuli faqtorebis marTvas, (garemos, ekonomikis, sazogadoebis).
aRniSnuli midgomis mTavari amocanaa resursebis optimaluri gamoyeneba,
rogorc turistebis moTxovnilebis kuTxiT, aseve adgilobrivi
sazogadoebisaTvis sargeblis miRebis TvalsazrisiT [47, gv.43].
turizmis seqtori Sedgeba sxvadasxva komponentebisagan, romelTa
sworad dagegmva da ganviTareba aris sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani seqtoris
warmatebiT funqcionirebisaTvis. es komponentebia:
43
turistuli bazrebi - bazrebi SeiZleba iyos saerTaSoriso, regionuli,
adgilobrivi. garkveuli tipis bazrebs SeiZleba qondes saerTo interesebi,
arsebobs bazrebi, romelTac gaaCniaT specialuri interesebi moTxovnebis
dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT.
turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi - atraqciebi da aqtivobebi aris
mniSvnelovani motivatori mogzaurobisaTvis. atraqciebi SeiZleba iyos,
parkebi, sanapiro zoli, arqeologiuri da istoriuli adgilebi,
tradiciuli arqiteqtura, ekonomikuri aqtivoba, xelovnurad Seqmnili
Tematuri parkebi, festivalebi, sportuli RonisZiebebi da a.S. [53]
ganTavsebis saSualebebi - mniSvnelovania sastumroebi da sxva tipis
Ramis gasaTevi obieqtebi turizmis industriis ganviTarebisaTvis.
ganTavsebis obieqtebi moicavs restornebs, kafeebs da sxva saWiro obieqtebs.
ganTavsebis obieqtebis gareSe SeuZlebelia grZelvadiani turistuli
paketebis SeTavazeba turistebisaTvis.
sxva turistuli saWiroebebi da servisebi - turistuli momsaxureba
aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom srulyofili servisi SevTavazoT momxmareblebs.
mniSvnelovania gidiT momsaxurebis servisiT, sainformacio kuTxiT
turistebis informireba. sxva saWiro servisebSi igulisxmeba: safosto
momsaxureba, samedicino momsaxureba, sabanko servisebi. aseve mniSvnelovania
usafrTxoebis sistemis organizeba, vinaidan grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi is
SeiZleba iyos gadamwyveti faqtori turistebis mozidvis kuTxiT [48, gv.44-49].
transporti - mniSvnelovania adekvaturi satransporto sistemis
SemuSaveba. transporti SeiZleba iyos sahaero, sazRvao, sarkinigzo,
saavtomobilo. sartansporto sistema moicavs garkveul servisebs, romelic
aucilebelia turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia
turistuli obieqtebisaken mimavali satrasporto kvanZebis mowesrigeba.
sxva infrastruqtura - igi moicavs higienuri faqtorebis maqsimalurad
dacvas, wylis miwodebis sistemis mowesrigebas, eleqtroenergiis stabilur
da usafrTxo miwodebas, aseve narCenebis gatanas da maT droulad
utilizacias.
44
instituciuri elementebi - turizmis ganviTarebisa da marTvisaTvis
mniSvnelovania garkveuli instituciuri elementebis gaTvaliswineba. igi
moicavs iseT mniSvnelovan elementebs rogoricaa, ganaTlebas da personalis
mudmiv trenings, raTa ufro efeqtianad moemsaxuron turistebs, marketings
da sareklamo aqtivobebs turistuli daniSnulebis obieqtebis, atraqciebis
ukeT warmoCenas, standartebs da garkveul regulaciebs miwis marTvis,
zonebad dayofis, garemos kontrolis TvalsazrisiT, finansur meqanizmebs
investiciebis waxalisebis kuTxiT. Zalian mniSvnelovania turizmis
organizaciuli struqtura, romelic moicavs rogorc samTavrobo, aseve
kerZo turistul dawesebulebebs [48, gv.79].
turizmis dagegmvis mTeli procesi warmogvidgeba Semdegi saxiT:
1. miznebis gansazRvra;
2. kvlevis momzadeba;
3. mimoxilva da Sefaseba;
4. politikis da gegmis SemuSaveba;
5. rekomendaciebi;
6. implementacia da menejmenti [40, gv. 200-210].
1. miznebis gansazRvra - saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani amocanaa Tu ras miiRebs
regioni turizmis ganviTarebiT. miznebi garkveulwilad moicavs ekonomikur,
garemo, socio–kulturul faqtorebs, mTavaria aRniSnul faqtorebs Soris
dacul iqnes garkveuli balansi da gaTvaliswinebul iqnas turizmis
mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia. miznebis gansazRvra unda moxdes
adgilobriv rezidentebTan, maT liderebTan, saxelmwfio organoebTan
SeTanxmebiT da e.w. „samoqalaqo CarTulobis“ farTo gamoyenebiT.
2. kvlevis momzadeba - rodesac moxdeba turistuli resursebis mimoxilva
(teqnikur-ekonomikuri) da Sefaseba iqneba pozitiuri, turistuli gegmis
SemuSavebaze gadawyvetilebas iRebs adgilobrivi xelisufleba. aseve
mniSvnelovania proeqtisaTvis Sesabamisi gundis SerCeva. Rrma analizisaTvis
saWiroa interdisciplinaruli gundis Camoyalibeba, romelic
dakompleqtebuli iqneba dagegmvis, marketingis, ekonomikis, finansuri
analizis, garemos dacvis specialistebisagan.
45
3. mimoxilva da Sefaseba - mimoxilva da Sefaseba unda moxdes sxvadasxva
elementebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es elementebi moicavs:
• regionis maxasiaTeblebs, ekonomikuri, socio-kulturuli, garemos,
miwis gamoyenebis kuTxiT. miwis gamoyenebis kuTxiT garkveuli analizi
ramdenad aris xelmisawvdomi ganviTarebisaTvis;.
• turistuli resursebi, potenciuri turistuli atraqciebi da
aqtivobebi. turistuli resursebis Sefasebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT
maTi xelmisawvdomoba, aseve garemo pirobebis xarisxi;
• turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, rogorc aRvniSneT mniSvnelovania
ganTavsebis saSualebebi, sxvadasxva servisebi. aucilebelia msgavs
obieqtebSi servisis xarisxis Semowmeba, maTi Sefaseba;
• arsebuli da dagegmili satransporto saSualebebis, kvanZebis
xelmisawvdomoba, romelic moicavs, rogorc sahaero aseve rkinigzis da
sazRvao transports;
• sxvadasxva tipis arsebul da dagegmil infrastruqturul proeqtebs,
rogoricaa, wylis miwodeba, eleqtro-energiiT momarageba,
telesakomunikacio sistemebi;
• instituciuri elementebi, xelmisawvdomoba kvalificiuri samuSao
Zalis, ganaTleba da satreningo programebi, sazogadoebrivi da kerZo
organizaciebis Camoyalibeba, turizmTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo
bazis SemuSaveba, garkveuli kontrolis daweseba miwis gamoyenebaze,
garemos dacvaze, aseve Sesabamisi jansaRi klimatis Seqmna
investiciebis mosazidad [40, gv.22-30].
mniSvnelovania turistuli bazrebis analizi, atraqciebTan da sxva
turistul aqtivobebTan mimarTebiT, romelic xelmisawvdomi iqneba
turistebisaTvis. bazris analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs movaxdinoT
sxvadasxva maCveneblebis identifikacia, rogoricaa, turistebis raodenoba,
tipebi, aseve movaxdinoT rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, transportis, servisis
daxvewis, infrastruqturis ganviTarebisaTvis [80].
46
garemos menejmentis analizis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani teqnikaa
gamtarunarianobis (simZlavris, datviTvebis) analizi. aRniSnuli teqnika ar
aris zusti instrumenti, magram igi gvaZlevs Zalian saintereso informacias,
optimaluri ganviTarebisaTvis, turistuli atraqciis datvirTvis, saWiro
servisebis Sesaxeb.
daculi teritoriis turistuli potencialis gansazRvrisTvis
gamoiyeneba Semdegi kiTxvari. ix. cxrili 1.6. bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs
simbiozuri kavSiri turizmsa da daculi teritoriebis Seqmnas Soris.
rogorc statistika gviCvenebs sul ufro met adamians surs dasvenebis dros
raime gansxvavebuli moinaxulos. maT surT mgzavroba Sesabamis komfortul
garemoSi da aseve surT erTmaneTs SeuTavson Tavgadasavlebi da sasiamovno
dasveneba [95]. Sesabamisad, yvelaze ufro warmatebuli turistuli paketebi
aerTianebs sxvadasxva interesebs: sporti da rekreacia, veluri bunebis
monaxuleba, adgilobrivi wes-Cveulebebis gacnoba, istoriuli adgilebis
monaxuleba, Sopingi, kveba da rasakvirvelia wyalTan dakavSirebuli
aqtivobebi. zRva, tbebi, mdinareebi, sacurao auzebi da CanCqerebi Zalzed
izidavs turistebs, gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivebs.
mocemuli kiTxvari dagvexmareba daculi teritoriis turistuli
potencialis SefasebaSi: cxrili 1.6.6
daculi teritoria mdebareobs:
•axlos saerTaSoriso aeroportTan
an msxvil turistul centrTan;
•zomierad axlos;
•moSorebiT.
teritorias aqvs:
•plaJi an tbis sanapiro;
•mdinare, CanCqeri an sacurao
auzebi;
•wyalTan dakavSirebuli aranairi
rekreaciuli adgili
6 http://wto.org/
47
adgilamde misvla aris:
• advili da komfortuli;
• Wirdeba garkveuli Zalisxmeva;
•rTuli da saxifaTo.
mdebareobs es teritoria
sakmaod axlos sxva turistul
adgilebTan, raTa is iyos
turistuli kompleqsis nawili?
•diax;
•saSualo potenciali;
•dabali an aranairi potenciali.
veluri bunebis naxva:
•garantirebulia;
•Cveulebrivia;
•SesaZlebelia mxolod sezonurad
da gamarTlebis SemTxvevaSi.
teritoria mis garSemo aris:
•mSvenieri;
•saSualo mimzidvelobis;
•ufro metad Cveulebrivi.
ra saxis sakvebia xelmisawvdomi?
•mravalferovani da kargad
momzadebuli;
•adekvaturi;
•sabaziso;
adgili gvTavazobs:
• ramdenime gansxvavebul
interesis sferos;
• erTze met interesis sferos;
•mxolod erT ZiriTad interesis
sferos;
adgili aris:
• unikaluria Tavisi
mimzidvelobiT;
• gansxvavebuli;
• sxvebis msgavsi
sacxovrebeli adgilebis
stndarti aris:
•sxvadasxva da komfortuli;
•adekvaturi;
•primitiuli.
wyaro: Managing Protected Areas in the Tropics, MacKinnon et al., IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
48
ganTavsebis adgilebis saWiroebebis dagegmva - ganTavsebis adgilebis
saWiroebebis dagegmvis formula martivia, Tumca igi gamoyenebuli unda iyos
TiToeuli tipis turistul bazarze da Sesabamisi tipis ganTavsebis
adgilebze. mniSvnelovania yvelaze moTxovnadi sezonis mixedviT
gaangariSeba, radganac es sezoni gansazRvavs maqsimalur saWiroebas.
gasaTvaliswinebelia turistebis is raodenoba, romlebic rCebian
arakomerciul adgilebSi, magaliTad megobrebTan an naTesavebTan, Tu es
ricxvi 5 procentia, maSis es raodenoba unda gamoakldes oTaxebsa da
sawolebze moTxovnis gaangariSebul raodenobas. saWiroa ganTavsebis
adgilebis raodenoba Seesabamebodes moTxovnis raodenobas yvelaze
popularul sezonze, raTa SenarCundes maRali wliuri datvirTva. saukeTeso
strategiaa moTxovnaze sezonurobis faqtoris Semcireba [40, gv.359-365].
cxrili 1.1.7
matricis nimuSi alternatiuli gegmis Sesafaseblad
შეფასების
ფაქტორი
შეფასების გრადაცია
ალტერნატივა
1
ალტერნატივა
2
ალტერნატივა
3
შენიშ
ვნა
ასახავს
განვითარების საერთო
ეროვნულ /
რეგიონალურ /
ადგილობრივ
პოლიტიკას
ასახავს ეროვნულ
/ რეგიონულ /
ადგილობრივ ტურიზმის
პოლიტიკასა და
Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, Edward Inskeep. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1991.p.52
49
ამოცანებს
საერთო
ეკონომიკური
სარგებელის
ოპტიმიზაცია მისაღები
ხარჯით
მნიშვნელოვნად
ზრდის ადგილობრივი
მოსახლეობის
დასაქმებას და
შემოსავალს
ადგილობრივ
მეწარმეებს აძლევს
ტურისტული
საწარმოების დაარსების
შესაძლებლობას
ხელს უწყობს
დეპრესიული
ტერიტორიების
განვითარებას
ხელს უწყობს
ტურისტული
ატრაქციების,
ინფრასტრუქტურისა და
სერვისების
განვითარებას, რომელთა
გამოყენება
50
ადგილობრივებსაც
შეუძლიათ
ხელს არ უშლის
სხვა მნიშვნელოვან
რესურსებს
მინიმუმამდე
ამცირებს ნეგატიურ
სოციო–კულტურულ
გავლენას
ეხმარება
არქეოლოგიური /
ისტორიული
მემკვიდრეობის
შენარჩუნებას
ეხმარება
ტრადიციული
ხელოვნებისა და რეწვის
აღდგენას
არ აზიანებს
მიწათსარგებლობისა და
განსახლების არსებულ
მდგომარეობას
მინიმუმამდე
ამცირებს უარყოფით
გავლენას გარემოზე
აძლიერებს
გარემოს კონსერვაციისა
51
და პარკების
განვითარების
ღონისძიებებს
მაქსიმალურად
იყენებს არსებულ
ინფრასტრუქტურას
მაქსიმალურად
მრავალმხრივ იყენებს
ახალ
ინფრასტრუქტურას
SeniSvna:
1. Sefasebis faqtorTa es CamonaTvali warmoadgens mxolod
magaliTs. realurad gamoyenebuli Sefasebis faqtorebi damokidebuli iqneba
dagegmvis specifikaze. Tu gegmaSi dasaxuli miznebi sruli da specifikuria,
maSin zogjer maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia pirdapir rogorc faqtorebis;
2. Sefasebis ranJireba SesaZlebelia skalaze qulebiT 1–dan 5–mde,
an 1–dan 10–mde. ufro mniSvnelovan faqtorebs mieniWeba ufro didi ricxviTi
wona. SeniSvnebis sveti mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebuli situaciebis
CasaniSnad. mag.: gegmidan gamomdinare mniSvnelovnad izrdeba dasaqmeba, Tumca
SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes samuSao Zalis migracia samuSao adgilebis
Sesavsebad.
4. politika da gegmis formulireba. miznebze, kvlevaze, analizsa da
sinTezze dayrdnobiT xdeba turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da
turizmis gegmis momzadeba. turizmis politika moicavs turizmis
ganviTarebis masStabebs, tips da ganixilavs ekonomikur, garemosdacviT da
socio–kulturul aspeqtebs. adgilobriv doneze dagegmvisas, gegma SeiZleba
Seicavdes pirvelad da meorad turistul atraqciebs, turizmis ganviTarebis
adgilebs. an gegma SeiZleba iyos urbanuli turizmis struqturuli gegma,
52
sakurorto miwaTsargeblobis gegma. Cveulebriv xdeba alternatiuli
gegmebis SemuSaveba da Sefaseba, raTa moxdes saboloo gegmis SerCeva,
romelic moitans optimalur Semosavals da Seamcirebs xarjebs [43, gv.53-57].
cxrili 1.1. - ze mocemulia matricis nimuSi alternatiuli gegmebis
Sesafaseblad. zogjer saboloo gegmis gansazRvrisaTvis xdeba
alternatiuli gegmebis sxvadasxva nawilebis kombinireba. alternatiuli
gegmebis Sefasebisas ZiriTadi yuradReba mimarTulia garemosa da socio–
kulturul Sedegebze.
5. rekomendaciebi gegmis Sesaxeb - rekomendaciebi SemuSavebulia
turistuli atraqciebis, arsebuli turistuli servisebis, instituciuri da
sxva elementebis gaumjobesebis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare.
SemoTavazebulia rekomendaciebi dizainisa da ganviTarebis standartebTan
dakavSirebiT. gaanalizebulia gavlena garemoze, socio–kulturuli
Sedegebze da SemoTavazebulia dacvis meqanizmebi. gaanalizebulia turizmis
ekonomikuri Sedegebi da SemoTavazebulia ekonomikuri sargeblis zrdis
gzebi.
6. Sesruleba da menejmenti - gegmebi naklebadaa Rirebuli, Tu maTi
ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs. ganxorcielebis teqnika
ganxiluli unda iqnes dagegmvis procesSi da gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iyos ganxorcielebis specialuri teqnika. aRniSnuli teqnika moicavs
ganviTarebis daprogramebas, turistuli obieqtebis standartebis
gaTvaliswinebas, finansur meqanizmebs da sxva saSualebebs. turistuli
seqtoris warmatebuli mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania seqtoris
grZelvadiani efeqtiani menejmenti [82].
dagegmvis procesis upirvelesi elementia sazogadoebis CarTuloba da
monawileoba dagegmvis mniSvnelovan etapebze, aseve turizmis ganviTarebis
ganxorcieleba da marTva. sazogadoebis CarTuloba uzrunvelyofs, rom
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis codna da interesebi gaanalizebuli da
gaTvaliswinebuli iyos miznebis, politikisa da rekomendaciebis
SemuSavebisas. [44; gv. 54]
53
konkretuli turistuli proeqtis dagegmvisas, zogadi midgomaa
Camoyalibdes proeqtis saorganizacio komiteti. es komiteti, rogorc wesi,
Sedgeba samTavrobo uwyebebis, kerZo turistuli seqtoris da sazogadoebis
warmomadgenlebisagan. komitetSi SesaZloa aseve CarTulni iyvnen religiuri
organizaciebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. es jgufi Tvalyurs adevnebs
dagegmvis jgufis saqmianobas da ganixilavs gundis daskvnebsa da
rekomendaciebs.
mniSvnelovania, aseve, dagegmvis procesis Sesaxeb angariSebis sajaro
ganxilva, raTa sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT sakuTari azrisa da
rekomendaciebis dafiqsireba. es aseve mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom
sazogadoeba informirebuli iyos maT teritoriaze mimdinare gegmebze.
specifikuri proeqtebis efeqtiani ganviTareba, rogoricaa, sastumro,
kurortebi da atraqcionebi, damokidebulia sxvadasxva aspeqtebze. aRniSnuli
procesebis sworad organizeba moiTxovs Tanamimdevruli nabijebis
gadadgmas. [45; gv. 90]
nabiji 1. proeqtis identificireba - proeqtis identifikacia xdeba,
regionis turizmis ganviTarebis erTiani samoqmedo gegmis farglebSi.
proeqtis identifikacia SesaZlebelia moxdes damoukideblad, magram
rogorc aRvniSneT TiToeuli nabiji unda gadaidgas turizmis ganviTarebis
erTiani gegmis farglebSi.
nabiji 2. proeqtis skriningi - aRniSnuli etapi moicavs proeqtis
konceptualur analizs da gansazRvravs mis miznobriobas. Tu proeqti ar
akmayofilebs garkveul moTxovnebs, maSin SesaZlebelia am etapze moxdes mis
ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma.
nabiji 3. proeqtis dagegmva da teqnikuri-ekonomikuri analizi - am
etapze xdeba proeqtis dizainis, finansuri, ekonomikuri analizi, aseve
socialuri da garemos zemoqmedebis kuTxiT misi Sefaseba. Tu proeqti
uaryofiT gavlenas axdens garemos an socialuri TvalsazrisiT, maSin unda
moxdes misi SeCereba, aseve am etapze SesaZlebelia misi modificireba.
nabiji 4. proeqtis organizeba - mniSvnelovania swori organizaciuli
midgoma proeqtis warmatebulad ganxorcilebisaTvis. arsebuli
54
organizaciuli struqtura, aseve saxelmwifo da kerZo dawesebulebebis
CarTuloba da maTi roli aris Zalian mniSvnelovani aspeqti.
nabiji 5. proeqtis dafinanseba - finansebis moZieba aris
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani aspeqti. amisaTvis saWiroa proeqtis sworad
wardgena, investiciebis mozidva.
nabiji 6. proeqtis implementacia - proeqtis realuri
ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia adamianuri resursebis sworad dagegmva,
rekrutingi.
nabiji 7. proeqtis marTva - proeqtis marTva aris droSi uwyveti
procesi romelic moicavs aqtivobebs, rogorc turistul bazrebze, aseve
arsebuli obieqtebis, servisebis daxvewaze mudmiv zrunvas. proeqtis
SemuSavebis da marTvis procesSi mniSvnelovania sazogadoebasTan mudmivi
kontaqti da koordinacia. es yvelaferi aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom
adgilobrivma rezidentebma zustad gaigon proeqtis koncefcia da
ganviTarebis programa. mniSvnelovani faqtia, rom adgilobriv rezidentebs
aqvT SesaZlebloba - proeqtidan miiRon garkveuli sargebeli.
dagegmvis procesSi mniSvnelovania gaTvaliswinebuli iyos Semdegi
aspeqtebi: 1. turistuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba; 2.
turistuli standartebis ganviTareba da dizaini; 3. adgilmdebareobis
dagegmva; 4. standartebis SemuSaveba; 5. arqiteqturuli dizaini; 6.
landSaftis dizaini; 7. sainJinro dizaini; 8. Senoba nagebobebis sainJinro
dizaini; 9. xarisxobrivi standartebi [50, gv. 61-70].
1. turistuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba - proeqtis
dagegmvis procesSi aucilebelia garemos dacvis kuTxiT garkveuli
aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, raTa samomavlod aviciloT problemebi
ekologiuri, garemoze zemoqmedebis kuTxiT. mniSvnelovania, rom TiToeuli
proeqtisaTvis moxdes misi garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba. proeqtis
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba aseve moicavs socio-kulturul da
ekonomikuri gavlenis Sefasebas, es aucilebelia garkveuli negatiuri
Sedegebis Tavidan asacileblad. Tu SevniSnavT proeqtis ganxorcielebis
procesSi negatiur niSnebs, saWiroa misi redizaini. miuxedavad imisa, rom
55
proeqts SesaZlebelia mohqondes soliduri ekonomikuri sargebeli, zemoT
aRniSnuli negatiuri faqtorebis mniSvnelovani gavlenis SemTxvevaSi
aucilebelia misi koreqtireba.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi, saxelmwifoebs SemuSavebuli aqvT
sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic uzrunvelyofs garemos dacvas. Tu ar
arsebobs msgavsi kanonmdebloba regionSi, aucilebelia misi SemuSaveba,
romelic iqneba SesabamisobaSi regionis moTxovnebTan [42, gv. 37].
2. turistuli standartebis ganviTareba da dizaini - mniSvnelovani aspeqti
adgilobriv doneze turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aris turistuli
dawesebulebebis uzrunvelyofa garkveuli standartebiT da normebiT.
aRniSnuli standartebi da principebi aucilebelia, rogorc momxmareblebis
moTxovnilebebis ukeT dakmayofilebis, aseve adgilobrivi rezidentebis
xasiaTis, interesebis gaTvaliswinebis kuTxiT.
standartebis SemuSaveba, dizaini, ganviTareba, saWiroa turistuli
dawesebulebebis ganviTarebisaTvis. dagegmvis aRniSnul doneze
mniSvnelovania arqiteqtorebis, landSaftis dizainerebis, inJinrebis
maqsimaluri CarTuloba. adgilobrivma xelisuflebam, erTi mxriv, unda
miiRos monawileoba standartebis SemuSavebaSi da meore mxriv, unda
uzrunvelyos stantartebis Sesrulebaze garkveuli kontroli. standartebis
SemuSavebis da dizainis procesSi xdeba adgilobri xelisuflebis mier
SemuSavebuli zonirebis da arqiteqturuli principebis dacva. sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi standartebi SemuSavebulia adgilobrivi an centraluri
xelisuflebis mier. [42; gv. 97]
3. adgilmdebareobis dagegmva - miuTiTebs Senoba-nagebobebis zust
adgilmdebareobas, dacul zonebs, igi aseve moicavs: rogor davicvaT Tavi
garemos, ekologiuri safrTxeebis Tavidan asacileblad. gansakuTrebiT
saSiSi situaciebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas aramyari niadagis pirobebSi
mSeneblobisas, aseve zRvis sanapiroebze arsebobs safrTxe maRali talRebis,
sanapiro eroziis. adgilebs, romelTac aqvT midrekileba maRali siCqaris
qarebis, seismurad aqtiuri zonis, turistuli ganviTarebisaTvis
SesaZlebelia gaxdes seriozuli Semaferxebeli faqtori. saWiroa Sesabamisi
56
komunikaciebi Senoba-nagebobebs Soris, landSaftis, rekreaciuli zonebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
4. standartebis SemuSaveba - standartis tipebi, romelic gamoiyeneba mTel
msoflioSi turistebisaTvis da sxva saWiroebebisaTvis mdgomareobs
SemdegSi:
sxvadasxva dawesebulebebis ganviTarebis simWidrove. magaliTad,
sastumroebisaTvis simWidrove ganisazRvreba erT akrze an heqtarze
oTaxebis raodenobiT. naklebi simWidrove miuTiTebs kotejebis da
erTsarTuliani nagebobis met raodenobas. dabalidan saSualo simWidrovis
maCvenebeli moiTxovs orsarTuliani nagebobebis met raodenobas
landSaftze. saSualodan maRlisken miuTiTebs maRali Senoba nagebobebs
garkveuli limitirebuli raodenobiT. magaliTad, ekoturizmis
ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro Senoba-nagebobebi xasiaTdeba dabali simWidroviT.
masStabiT naklebi zomis dasasvenebel obieqtebs gaaCniaT naklebi
simWidrove. SedarebiT didi zomis dasasvenebel adgilebs SedarebiT ufro
meti simWidrove, Tumca am adgilebSi gaTvaliswinebulia landSaftis
dagegmarebis kuTxiT rekreaciuli adgilebi, parkebi da a.S.
aseve mniSvnelovania Senoba-nagebobebis simaRleze kontroli, romelic
unda iyos adaptirebuli adgilobrivi garemos maxasiaTeblebTan. garkveul
adgilebSi limitirebulia nagebobebis simaRle, magaliTad is SeiZleba iyos
4 sarTuli (15 metri).
adekvaturi samSeneblo sazRvrebis dacva, mTavari magistralebis,
sanapiro zolis gamwvaneba, Ria sivrceebis SenarCuneba aris sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovani mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis. unda moxdes SenarCuneba sanapiro
zolis, uzrunvelyofa sivrceebiT, romelic aucilebelia rekreaciisaTvis
da dasvenebisaTvis. [45; gv. 77]
aucilebelia parkirebisaTvis Sesabamisi sivrcis sworad dagegmareba,
sadac unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rogorc daqiravebulebis, aseve stumrebis
mosalodneli raodenoba. parkirebis adgili aseve unda moicavdes garkveul
sivrces avtobusis gaCerebisaTvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia sazogadoebrivad
57
xelmisawvdomoba sanapiro zolis da sxva obieqtebis. xelmisawvdomobasTan
erTad daculi unda iyos garkveuli usafrTxoebis normebi.
5. arqiteqturuli dizaini - arqiteqturuli dizaini, standartebi
maqsimalurad unda iyos SesabamisobaSi garemosTan, ra Tqma unda
mniSvnelovania arqiteqturaSi kreatiuli midgomebi, magram unda aRiniSnos
garkveuli fundamenturi principebi:
adgilobrivi tradiciuli, istoriuli stilis dacva aris Zalian
mniSvnelovani, vinaidan Senoba-nagebobebi istoriuli stilistikiT
turistebze axdens Zalian did STabeWdilebas. Senobebis zeda nawili
(saxuravi) aris dizainis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani elementi,
gansakuTrebiT dabali da saSualo simaRlis SenobebisaTvis. adgilobrivi
samSeneblo masalebis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania ara mxolod arqiteqturuli
TvalsazrisiT, aramed ekonomikuri sargebelis miRebis kuTxiT -adgilobrivi
mwarmoeblebisaTvis.
turistuli obieqtebis dizainis dagegmvis dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT
Sesabamisi infrsatruqtura da specialuri saSualebebi, romlebic
aucilebelia unarSezRuduli turistebisa da TanamSromlebisaTvis.
unarSezRuduli, naxevrad-unarSezRuduli adamianebi mogzauroben, iyeneben
sxvadasxva satransporto saSualebebs, sadac maTTvis gaTvaliswinebulia
Sesabamisi konstruqciuli elementebi. aseve sastumroebSi garkveuli nomrebi
unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli invalidis etliT mosargeble adamianebisaTvis
[51, gv.37-40].
6. landSaftis dizaini - landSaftis sworad dagegmva aseve gvexmareba, rom
maqsimalurad gadmovceT xasiaTi, romelic niSandoblivia adgilobriv
garemo pirobebisaTvis, aseve SevqmnaT mimzidveli pirobebi dasvenebisaTvis.
dasasvenebel adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania gamwvanebiTi
samuSaoebis Catareba. landSaftis dizaini aseve moicavs safexmavlo
bilikebis dagegmvas, fantanebis mowyobas, quCisaTvis aucilebel
infrastruqturas, magaliTad, ganaTebis sistemis organizebas. igi aseve
gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan funqcionalur upiratesobebs: mziani adgilebis
moCrdilva; wvimisa da qarisgan Tavdacva; xmauris CaxSoba; regionSi
58
arsebuli mcenareebis turistebisaTvis wardgena; safexmavlo bilikebis
sworad dagegmva; gamwvanebiTi samuSaoebi xels uwyobs Jangbadis gamoyofas,
rac pozitiur gavlenas axdens garemoze.
7. sainJinro dizaini - infrastruqtura unda Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso
normebs, romelic iTvaliswinebs usafrTxoebis, garemos dacvis, higienur da
sanitarul normebs. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania utilizacia da
gasufTaveba im narCenebis, romelmac SesaZlebelia safrTxe Seuqmnas garemos.
gzebi, satransporto saSualebebi unda akmayofilebdnen usafrTxoebis
standartebs.
8. Senoba-nagebobebis sainJinro dizaini - unda SemuSavdes Senoba
nagebobebisaTvis minimaluri usafrTxoebis standartebi, rogoricaa,
saxanZro gasasvlelebis mowyoba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mSeneblobis
procesSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT adgilobrivi klimaturi pirobebi, qari,
seismuri aqtivobebi da a.S. Tu adgilobriv xelisuflebas ar aqvs
SemuSavebuli msgavsi standartebi, maSin arsebobs saerTaSoriso, magaliTad,
msoflio jandacvis organizaciis mier SemuSavebuli wylis xarisxis
standarti.
arqiteqtura da inJineruli dizaini unda iyos maqsimalurad
loialuri garemo pirobebis mimarT da unda iyenebdes Tanamedrove
teqnologiebs. aq igulisxmeba mzis energiis maqsimalurad gamoyeneba,
bunebrivi ventilaciis sistemis Seqmna, dabali energo danaxarjebis
naTurebis gamoyeneba da sxva. zonebSi, sadac ekoturizmia ganviTarebuli,
xdeba mzis, qaris energiis gamoyeneba. am mimarTulebiT turistebisaTvis
informaciis miwodeba, resursebis konservaciaze xazgasma aris Zalian
mniSvnelovani [51, gv.60].
9. xarisxobrivi standartebi - Tanamedrove pirobebSi turistul obieqtebSi
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba xarisxobrivi standartebis dacvas
sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom xarisxis gaumjobesebisaTvis
ar aris aucilebeli xarjebis mniSvnelovani zrda. xarisxis gaumjobeseba,
upirveles yovlisa, iwvevs turistebis moTxovnilebebis maqsimalurad
dakmayofilebas. Tanamedrove turisti gaxda ufro metad kvalificiuri,
59
Sesabamisad dasvenebis obieqtma ar unda gamoiwvios maTi imedebis gacrueba.
xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi unda ganvixiloT, rogorc komfortis, aseve
momsaxurebis kuTxiT, momsaxurebisaTvis ufro rTulia standartebis dacva,
vidre fizikuri obieqtebisaTvis.
turistuli saWiroebebisaTvis standartebis SemuSaveba xdeba, rogorc
nacionalur, aseve regionul doneze, igi maqsimalurad unda iyos
adaptirebuli sazogadoebasTan. rogorc wesi, sazogadoeba maqsimalurad
unda iyos CarTuli standartebis SemuSavebaSi da maT kontrolSi.
minimaluri standartebi sastumroebis da sxva tipis
dawesebulebebisaTvis moicavs sanitaruli, jandacvis, usafrTxoebis
normebis dacvas. minimaluri moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, SemuSavdeba
sastumros inspeqtirebis da licenziis procedurebis procesSi. gamoiyeneba
klasifikaciis sistema, romelic gvaZlevs xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis
diferencirebis saSualebas. magaliTad, sastumros klasifikaciis sistemaSi
gamoiyeneba 5 varskvlavis principi, arsebobs aseve sxva sistemebic.
aRniSnuli sistema tur-agentebs, tur-operatorebs, turistebs aZlevs
saSualebas gaakeTon arCevani im dawesebulebebze, romlebic aris maTTvis
misaRebi, Sesabamisi infrastruqturis da servisis gaTvaliswinebiT. arsebobs
garkveuli korelacia nomrebis tarifebsa da zemoT aRniSnul varskvlavur
sistemas Soris. [49; gv. 87]
sastumroebis klasifikaciis sistema aseve aZlevs saSualebas
investorebs bazarze airCion Sesabamisi segmentebi da Tu ver akmayofileben
konkretuli segmentis moTxovnebs, moaxdinon xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis
gaumjobeseba.
restornebma da kvebis obieqtebma aseve unda daicvas usafrTxoebis,
jandacvis, sanitaruli normebi. zogierT qveyanaSi restornebis
klasifikacia xdeba garkveuli reitinguli sistemiT.
tur-operatorebi da turistuli saagentoebi unda akmayofilebdnen
minimalur standartebs, romelSic igulisxmeba licenziidan gamomdinare
finansuri pasuxismgebloba da aseve maRali kvalifikaciis personali. aseve
gidebic unda iyos licenziis Sesabamisad gadamzadebuli. tur-saagentoebis
60
xarisxobrivi standarti moicavs mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli avtobusebis
da sxva teqnikis usafrTxoebis normebis dacvas, maRali kvalifikaciis
mZRolebis daqiravebas. aRniSnuli standarti aseve exeba avtomobilebis
gaqiravebis saagentoebs. [54; gv. 58]
amrigad, msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis Sedegad gamoikveTa is
ZiriTadi tendenciebi da mimarTulebebi, romelmac xeli unda Seuwyos
likalur (regionul) doneebze turizmis iseTi saxeebis ganviTarebas,
rogoricaa ekologiuri, saTavgadasavlo, eqstremaluri, kulturul-
SemecnebiTi, religiuri turizmi da sxva.
61
Tavi II. turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi
2.1. turizmis gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze da
Sefaseba
turizmma, rogorc ekonomikis erT-erTma mzardma seqtorma,
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina, rogorc msoflio, aseve regionul
ekonomikaze. turistuli biznesi efuZneba teritoriis, sxvadasxva
industriebis mier warmoebuli produqtis integrirebul gamoyenebas,
romelic aucilebelia mimzidveli turistuli produqtis Sesaqmnelad [78].
globalur turistul industriaSi iqmneba mravalferovani turistuli
produqti, romelTa Taviseburebebi efuZneba konkretuli regionis
specifikas, saqonelsa da momsaxurebas, romelic saboloo angariSiT unda
miewodos momxmarebels. konkretuli regionis farglebSi SesaZlebelia
Seiqmnas turistuli produqtis sakmaod farTo asortimenti, romelic
orientirebuli iqneba Sesabamis miznobriv auditoriaze. turizmis garkveuli
mimarTulebebi moiTxovs maRali donis infrastruqturas, aseve Sesabamis
momsaxurebas, Tumca arsebobs mimarTulebebi, sadac SesaZlebelia garkveuli
momsaxurebis gaweva maTi ararsebobisas. rogorc erT, aseve meore
SemTxvevaSi turizmi ganixileba, rogorc ekonomikuri saqmianobis sfero,
romelsac SeuZlia stimuli misces rogorc calkeuli regionis, aseve
qveynis ekonomikas. [64; gv. 47]
turizms gaaCnia mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri gavlenebi, romlebic xels
uwyobs samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdas,
momijnave seqtorebis ganviTarebas da a.S. mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri efeqti
warmoiqmneba, rodesac xdeba vizitorebis mier fuladi Tanxebis xarjva sxva
saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze, romelic gavlenas axdens regionze, qalaqze,
sofelze, konkretul daniSnulebis adgilze [63, gv.120-125].
regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli
Teoriuli da praqtikuli aspeqtebis mimoxliva, analizi, romelic
mniSvnelovani winapirobaa konkretuli regionis globalur bazarTan
62
integrirebis, saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis
TvalsazrisiT. nebismier regions gaaCnia garkveuli potenciali resursebis
TvalsazrisiT. sawyis etapze saWiroa aRniSnuli resursebis efeqtiani
gamoyenebisaTvis konkretuli variantebisa da prioritetebis gansazRvra.
strategiuli marTvis principebidan gamomdinare saWiroa aRniSnuli
prioritetebis sworad Camoyalibeba, rac xels Seuwyobs regionis
globaluri miwodebis jaWvSi CarTvas, aseve konkurentuli upiratesobis
mopovebas [79].
mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebebis aucilebloba dgeba maSin, rodesac
marTvis obieqtma (Cvens SemTxvevaSi regionma, seqtorma) unda SeiZinos axali
sasurveli Tvisebebi. globaluri ekonomikis pirobebSi, unda moxdes
konkretuli konkurentuli strategiebis SemuSaveba, marTvis obieqtis
sasurvel kondiciaze gadayvana, minimaluri danaxarjebis pirobebSi, riTac
axali xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis SeZeniT regionis sistema, sxva
sistemebTan SedarebiT moipovebs konkurentul upiratesobas.
turizmis gavlena qveynis ekonomikaze, regionze sakmaod
mravalferovani da fragmentulia. turizmis ganviTareba stimuls aZlevs da
xels uwyobs moTxovnis zrdas sxvadasxva saqonelsa da mosaxurebaze,
vinaidan regionSi Camosul turistebs aqvT mravalferovani moTxovnebi da
saWiroa maTi dakmayofileba. aRniSnuli moTxovnebi unda dakmayofildes
sxvadasxva mwarmoeblebis mier Seqmnili produqciiT. saqonelsa da
momsaxurebaze moTxovnis zrdis Sedegad iqmneba warmoebis gafarToebis
winapiroba. aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba saqoneli da momsaxureba, romelic
moixmareba rogorc ucxoeli vizitorebis, aseve adgilobrivi rezidentebis
mier. [63, gv. 80-81]
turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani dadebiTi efeqtia ucxouri
valutis mozidva qveyanaSi. ucxouri valutis Semodineba qveyanaSi xdeba ara
mxolod turistuli momsaxurebis SeZenisas, aramed valutis gacvlis
operaciebidan, romelic aucilebelia yoveldRiuri saWiroebebidan
63
gamomdinare. ekonomikaze turizmis industriis gavlena SesaZlebelia iyos,
rogorc pirdapiri aseve arapirdapiri (ix. sqema 2.1) [13, gv.16].
sqema 2.1.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos monacemebis mixedviT,
mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri kontribucia saqarTvelos mTlian Siga
produqtSi 2000 wlidan 2015 wlamde dinamikaSi xasiaTdeba zrdis
tendenciiT, am maCveneblis mixedviT umaRlesi niSnuli fiqsirdeba 2011-2012
wlebSi, 2015 wlis monacemebiT Seadgina 1,888 milioni lari. (ix. diagrama 2.1)
[89].
64
8pirdapiri efeqtis gageba SedarebiT advilia, vinaidan igi warmoadgens
ucxoeli vizitorebis mier gaweuli fuladi danaxarjebis Sedegs, romelsac
iReben ekonomikuri subieqtebi, mosaxleoba, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
organoebi uSualod turistebisgan. aq aseve igulisxmeba turistuli
kompaniebis mogeba, romelic SesaZloa mimarTul iqnes axal sainvesticio
proeqtebze, an warmoebis gafarToebaze. garda amisa, turizmis pirdapiri
gavlena aisaxeba regionul da centralur biujetSi sagadasaxado
Semosavlebis generirebis TvalsazrisiT.
sainteresoa msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier gamoqveynebuli
monacemebi, romelic, mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis
indeqsis mixedviT zomavs im faqtorebs, romlebic gavlenas axdenen turizmis
industriis mdgrad ganviTarebaze, rac Tavis mxriv aisaxeba qveynebis
konkurentunarianobaze. konkurentunarianobis indeqsis gamoTvla xdeba
Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT: biznes garemo (12 indikatori),
usafrTxoeba (5 indikatori), jandacva da higiena (6 indikatori), adamianuri
resursebi da Sromis bazari (9 indikatori), mogzaurobisa da turizmis
prioritetuloba (6 indikatori), saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba, Riaoba (3
8 www.wttc.org
65
indikatori), safaso konkurentunarianoba (4 indikatori), garemos mdgradoba
(10 indikatori), sahaero satransporto infrastruqtura (6 indikatori),
saxmeleTo da saporto infrastruqtura (7 indikatori), turistuli
servisebis infrastuqtura (4 indikatori), bunebrivi resursebi (5
indikatori), kulturuli servisebi da biznes mogzauroba (5 indikatori)
[41, gv.5].
2015 wlis msoflio ekonomikuri forumis monacemebis mixedviT
saqarTvelo 141 qveyanas Soris 71-e poziciazea. maT Soris, xelmisawvdomi
garemo - 43-e, mogzaurobisa da turizmis politika da xelmisawvdomi garemo
- 44, infrastruqtura - 72, bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi - 120. unda
aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis regionSi uswrebs rogorc
somxeTs aseve azerbaijans [41].
saqarTveloSi aseve zrdis dinamika SeiniSneba saerTaSoriso
Camosvlebis TvalsazrisiT, rac ukanaskneli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani
tendenciaa. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio -
analitikuri departamentis monacemebis mixedviT, 2013 wlis ianvar -
dekembris intervalSi dafiqsirda 5 365 356 viziti, rac wina wlis analogiur
saangariSo periodis maCvenebels 21,2%-iT aRemateba. dekembris oficialuri
monacemebis mixedviT dafiqsirda 391 724 vizitori, rac 2012 wlis igive
periodis maCvenebels 5%-iT aRemateba. xolo 2014-2015 wlis monacemebiT
zrda 6,9%-ia. pirobiTi dayofis mixedviT, xvedriTi wilis urTierTmimarTeba
Semdegia: 1. 24 saaTi da meti 2 278 562 viziti (saerTo raodenobis 38%, mateba
2014 welTan SedarebiT 2,2%). 2. tranziti - 1 400 835 viziti (saerTo
raodenobis 23,8%, mateba 25.7%), erTdRiani viziti - 2 218 288 (saerTo
raodenobis 37%, mateba wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 2. 1%)
[35, gv. 5].
2015 wlis dekembris monacemebis mixedviT liderobs somxeTi
(zrda+11%), azerbaijani (zrda+9%), TurqeTi (zrda -4%), ruseTi ( zrda+4%).
pozitiuri tendenciaa evrokavSiris qveynebis mimarTulebidan, tradiciulad
66
gamoirCeva poloneTi, CexeTi, avstria, safrangeTi, germania da italia.
(ixileT diagram 2.2.)9.
mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio organizaciis 2014 wlis
monacemebis mixedviT saqarTvelos mTlian Siga produqtSi, mTlianma
kontribuciam Seadgina 5,867 milioni lari, am mxriv mxolod 2005 wels
aRiniSneboda mciredi vardna, magram zogadad 2000 wlis Semdeg mudmiv
zrdas ganicdis. (ix diagrama 2.3)10
9 www. gnta.ge 10 www.wttc.org
67
rac Seexeba turizmis wils mTlian gamoSvebaSi, saqarTvelos
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2013 wlis monacemebis mixedviT Seadgina
6.5%, am maCveneblis mixedviT TiTqmis gautolda 2007 wels dafiqsirebul
niSnuls. aRniSnuli indikatori 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT Seadgens 7-
%.11
turizmis mTlian gamoSvebaSi produqciis struqtura garkveulwilad
icvleba, Tu 2008 wlamde dominirebda satransporto momsaxureba, axla
dominanturia restornebis, barebis, sasadiloebis momsaxureba da mza
sakvebis miwodeba, aseve mniSvnelovani roli aqvs turistuli agentebis
saqmianobas. 2014 wlis monacemebiT turistuli agentebis saqmianobis wili
wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 10%-iT gaizarda. (ix. diagrama
2.5).
11 საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური, 2015
68
diagrama 2.5. turizmis sferoebSi produqciis mTliani gamoSveba (mln
lari)
transporti - turistuli momsaxurebis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli
komponentia. turizmis ganviTarebisas satransporto seqtorisadmi moTxovna
gansakuTrebiT izrdeba, rasac mowmobs msoflios sxvadasxva regionSi
saerTaSoriso vizitorebis zrdis dinamika. Tu gadavxedavT sxvadasxva
satransporto saSualebebis gamoyenebis procentul maCveneblebs, dominirebs
Sor da saSualo distanciaze sahaero transporti 52%-iT. mas mosdevs
saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebebi 40%-iT, gavrcelebuli formaa kerZo
avtomobiliT gadaadgileba, rogorc regionuli, aseve saerTaSoriso
masStabiT. rac Seexeba sarkinigzo transports, misi wili 2%-iT ganisazRvra,
rac dabali maCvenebelia warsul periodTan SedarebiT, Tumca mas SeuZlia
sakuTari wilis gazrda Cqarosnuli xazebis ganviTarebiT. [76; gv. 87]
saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoebSi produqciis mTlian gamoSvebaSi
mniSvnelovani wiliTaa warmodgenili saxmeleTo, sazRvao da kabotaJuri
wylis, sarkinigzo transporti. saxmeleTo transportis, sazRvao da
kabotaJuri wylis transportis wilma mTlian gamoSvebaSi 2012 wels
69
Seadgina 827 milioni lari. 2006- dan 2012 wlamde fiqsirdeba zrdis
tendencia. rac Seexeba sarkinigzo transports, 2012 wels turizmis
sferoebSi produqciis mTlian gamoSvebaSi, Seadgina 122 milioni lari.
saqarTveloSi statistikuri kvlevebiT da eqspertuli SefasebebiT lideri
poziciebi aqvs saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebebs, mas mosdevs sahaero,
rkinigzis da sazRvao satransporto saSualebebi12.
ganTavsebis saSualebebi - ganTavsebis obieqtebi ganixileba, rogorc
turis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementi. sastumro industriis
ganviTareba, momsaxurebis saTanado standartebis daweseba - qveyanaSi
turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am TvalsazrisiT,
turistuli centris an regionis mdgomareobis Sefasebis indikatori aris
arsebuli sawoli oTaxebis raodenoba, datvirTva, momsaxurebis xarisxi da
a.S. ganTavsebis saSualebebis raodenoba, sawoli oTaxebi naTlad
gansazRvravs, turistebis gamaspinZlebis TvalsazrisiT, qveynis an regionis
SesaZleblobebs. arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis sastumroebi, premium klasis,
motelebi, hostelebi, ,,sawoli da sauzme“ tipis sastumroebi, aseve
„Inn“tipis dawesebulebebi. sastumroebi sxvadasxva tipebis arseboba
migvaniSnebs ganTavsebis industriis mravalferovnebaze.
qarTul bazarze ganTavsebis industriaSi lideri poziciebi aqvs
aWaris regionsa da Tbiliss. sawoli adgilebis raodenobis 63-%-i modis
sastumroebze, mas mosdevs saojaxo sastumroebi da sastumro saxlebi,
TiToeuli 16%-iani wiliT. mTlianobaSi sul qveyanaSi fiqsirdeba 1051
ganTavsebis saSualeba, 34 751 sawoli adgiliT. ukanasknel periodSi
saqarTveloSi vizitorebis zrdis dinamika fiqsirdeba, rac gvaZlevs
saSualebas gavakeToT optimisturi prognozebi damatebiT axali
sastumroebis mSeneblobis aucileblobasTan dakavSirebiT. saqarTveloSi
ukve funqcionirebs saerTaSoriso brendis ramodenime sastumro, rogoricaa
Radisson Blue Iveria, Tbilisi Marriott, Courtyard Marriot, Sheraton Metekhi Palace, Holiday Inn
და Citadines [35, გვ.8].
12 www.geostat.ge
70
saqarTveloSi sastumroebisa da restornebis saqmianobis Sedegebi naCvenebia
cxrilSi 2.1. 2013-2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT gazrdilia rogorc brunva
aseve gamoSvebuli produqciis moculoba. 2014 wels dasaqmebulTa raodenoba
gaizarda 3,4%-iT, dinamikaSi aseve zrdis tempiT gamoirCeva dasaqmebulTa
saSualo Tviuri anazRaureba [27].
sastumroebi da restornebi cxrili. 2.1
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
ბრუნვა, მლნ.ლარი(მლნ
ლარი) 81.3 126.7 179.0 192.8 224.6 280.0 383.9 573.8 730.0
787.4 843.6
გამოშვებულიპროდუქცია,
მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 88.3 134.6 177.4 193.5 225.7 271.5 365.6 574.0 718.7
779.6 832.8
დამატებულიღირებულება,
მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 38.4 56.7 74.8 84.1 93.7 114.3 149.9 200.9 281.2
296.4 327.3
შუალედურიმოხმარება,
მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 49.9 77.9 102.6 109.4 132.0 157.2 215.7 373.1 437.5
483.2 505.5
ფიქსირებულიაქტივები,
მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 232.7 309.6 222.9 186.0 379.0 591.3 646.8 680.1 749.4
656.6 730.8
დასაქმებულთარაოდენობა,
კაცი(ათასი) 7920 11437 11993 11554 11184 13540 16106 24003 27821
30285 31330
დასაქმებულთა საშუალო
თვიური ანაზღაურება
(ლარი)
155.5
153.1
196.7
238.8
333.7
364.9
377.9
342.5
397.3
437.1
477.8
wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
gaerTianebuli erebis msoflio turizmis organizaciis informaciaze
dayrdnobiT, msoflio masStabiT, sastumro nomrebis raodenoba weliwadSi
2.5%-iT izrdeba. datvirTvebis maCvenebelic zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba da
wlis ganmavlobaSi Seadgens 65%. msoflioSi arsebuli sastumroebis
umravlesoba koncentrirebulia evropasa da amerikaSi [42, gv.154].
kveba da vaWroba - ganTavsebis industriis msgavsad turistuli paketis
mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementia kveba. kvebis industria Sedgeba
sarestorno, turistuli kvebis, savaWro aparatiT gayidvis da
saxelSekrulebo sazogadoebrivi kvebis servisebisagan. adgilobrivi
restornebis SemadgenlobaSi aseve Sedis swrafi kvebis obieqtebi, yavaxanebi,
specializebuli restornebi, saojaxo restornebi, kafeteriebi da a.S. unda
71
aRiniSnos, rom sazogadoebrivi kvebis servisebi kompaniebSi,
saavadmyofoebSi, sabavSvo baRebSi ar iTvleba turistuli industriis
Semadgenel nawilad.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi gaCnda ,,kulinariuli turizmis’’ cneba, romelic
ukanaskneuli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani tendenciaa. arsebobs sxvadasxva
saxis samecniero literatura, veb-gverdebi aRniSnul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. kulinaruli turizmis saerTaSoriso asociacia (International
Culinary Tourism Association ICTA) kulinariul turizms ganmartavs Semdegnairad:
,,es aris unikaluri da dasamaxsovrebeli kulinariuli gamocdileba
mogzaurobis dros, magram sakuTar qveyanaSic nebismieri SeiZleba gaxdes
kulinariuli turisti“ [42, gv.139-140].
turizmi aseve stimuls aZlevs axali produqciis Seqmnas,
aumjobesebs sacalo gayidvebs, xels uwyobs specializebuli maRaziebis,
savaWro ubnebis Camoyalibebas. savaWro operaciebi SesaZloa ukavSirdebodes
iseT produqtebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia uSualod turistebTan, aseve
araturistul produqciasac (magaliTad, Soping turebi).
garTobis industria da atraqciebi - garTobis industria da
sanaxaobebi turistuli produqtis mniSvnelovani elementebia, romelic mas
unikalur maxasiaTeblebs Zens sxva turistul produqtTan SedarebiT.
aRniSnuli elementebis mravalferovneba damokidebulia konkretuli tur-
paketis maxasiaTeblebze. turistuli paketis formirebis procesSi, garTobis
saSualebebis, sanaxaobis SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT turistebis
erovneba, kulturuli faseulobebi, cxovrebis stili da a.S. arsebobs
garTobis, rekreaciis sxvadasxva saSualebebi, romlebic SegviZlia
gamoviyenoT miznobriv turistul jgufebSi. umetes SemTxvevaSi garTobis
saSualebebi moicavs eqskursiebis procesSi dagegmil RonisZiebebs,
romlebic SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos bunebrivi landSaftebis
daTvalierebasTan, kulturuli, istoriuli Zeglebis monaxulebasTan da
garTobis sxva saSualebebTan. [87; gv. 34]
72
garkveuli turebisaTvis garTobaze, sanaxaobis monaxulebaze gaweuli
fuladi danaxarjebi SesaZloa Seadgendes turis Rirebulebis mniSvnelovan
Semadgenel nawils. danaxarjebi atraqciebze da garTobaze warmoadgens
pirdapir xarjebs. zogadad aRniSnuli elementebi turistuli produqtis
mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis mTavari mizania turistebis
STabeWdilebebiT uzrunvelyofa, rac nebismieri daniSnulebis adgilisaTvis
warmatebis miRwevis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.
dazRveva, sabanko da safinanso servisebi - sadazRvevo momsaxureba
turizmis seqtorSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva tipis paketebis saxiT.
praqtikaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis sadazRvevo paketebi, rac aucilebelia
mogzaurobis procesSi, pirvel rigSi usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebidan gamomdinare. saqme imaSia, rom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mogzaurobis
dros, arsebobs uamravi risk-faqtori, romelic SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes
usafrTxoebas, jandacvas, satransporto, fsiqologiur da finansur riskebs.
aucilebelia, sadazRvevo polisTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaazreba
turistebis mxridan. Tanamedrove sadazRvevo bazarze sadazRvevo paketebis
tarifebis sidide damokidebulia turistis asakze, profesiaze, saqmianobis
sferoze, konkretul qveyanaze, sadac miemgzavreba turisti da a.S.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso sadazRvevo polisis
aucilebloba, romelic miscems saSualebas turistebs miiRon xarisxiani
samedicino momsaxureba msoflios nebismier qveyanaSi.
aseve unda aRiniSnos, sabanko da safinanso servisebis mniSvneloba da
aucilebloba, radgan turistebi mogzaurobis procesSi xarjaven garkveul
fulad Tanxebs sxvadasaxva saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze. aqedan gamomdinare
dgeba fuladi resursebis usafrTxoebis aucilebloba. turistuli
saqmianoba gavlenas axdens sabanko servisebze, rogorc geografiuli, aseve
SemoTavazebuli produqtebis mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT. turistuli
obieqtebis mimzidveloba gamoixateba ara mxolod maT mravalferovnebaSi da
raodenobaSi, aramed, aseve Sesabamisi servisebis arsebobaSi, romelSic
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs sabanko momsaxureba. gansakuTrebiT unda
gamoiyos sabanko finansuri operaciebi, tranzaqciebi, romelic moicavs
73
savaluto gacvliT operaciebs, Cekebis, eleqtronuli fulis gamoyenebas da
a.S. sabanko finansuri operaciebis stimulirebas mivyavarT turistebis
mxridan saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze xarjebis zrdasTan rac pozitiurad
aisaxeba qveynis da regionis ekonomikaze. [47, gv. 16]
saqarTvelos sadazRvevo bazris monacemebis analizisas ikveTeba
Semdegi ZiriTadi tendenciebi, 2011 wels samogzauro dazRvevaze
gaformebulma polisebma Seadgina 181,937 lari, anazRaurebulma zaralma
495,855 lari, mTlianad mozidulma premiam Seadgina 2,980,746 lari,
sadazRvevo bazarze mTliani wili ganisazRvra 0.93%-iT. 2014 wlis
mdgomareobis mixedviT igive maCveneblebis statistika Semdegi saxisaa:
gaformebuli samogzauro polisebis raodenoba 252,756, samogzauro
dazRvevidan mozidulma premiam jamSi Seadgina 4,863,123 lari, bazris wili
ganisazRvra 1,42%-iT.13
satelekomunikacio da informaciuli servisebi - pirdapir kavSirSia
regionSi turizmis ganviTarebasTan. gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT
gamoirCeva, turistebis mier mogazaurobis dros mobiluri sakomunikacio
sistemebis gamoyeneba. informaciuli servisebi, Tanamedrove pirobebSi
gadamwyveti faqtoria konkretuli qveynis, regionis, saerTaSorioso,
adgilobriv bazarze pozicionirebis TvalsazrisiT. sainformacio
sitemebTan dakavSirebulia turizmSi sxvadasxva saxis servisebi, maT Soris,
onlain gayidvebi, romlis wili, gayidvebis TvalsazrisiT, yovelwliurad
izrdeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom turistuli industria msoflioSi erT-erTi
mowinavea Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, aq
igulisxmeba, rogorc globaluri sadistribucio sistemebi, aseve Sida
menejmentis, marTvis sistemebi, rac moxerxebuls da komfortuls xdis
momxmarebelTan urTierTobas.
Tanamedrove informaciuli teqnologiebis mimarTulebiT
saqarTveloSi ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda
mniSvnelovani proeqtebi. eleqtronuli sakomunikacio qselebSi
13 https://www.nbg.gov.ge
74
ganxorcielda farTo masStabiani reforma numeraciis erovnuli sistemis
danergvasTan dakavSirebiT, ris Sedegadac mTlianad qveynis masStabiT
amoqmedda fiqsirebuli adgilobrivi satelefono qselebis, mobiluri da
usadeno fiqsirebuli qselebis axali numeracia. aseve 2012 wels amoqmedda
erTiani sagangebo nomeri 112, rac ucxoeli vizitorebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT
regionebSi qmnis usafrTxoebis garkveul garantiebs.
turizmis arapirdapiri gavlena ekonomikaze moicavs, Semosavlebs da
efeqtebs, romelic warmoiqmneba saerTo ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdis
Sedegad. vizitorebis danaxarjebis zrdis Sedegad izrdeba ekonomikuri
agentebis Semosavlebi, am procesSi warmoiqmneba jaWvi danaxarjebi-
Semosavlebi-danaxarjebi, aRniSnuli procesi grZeldeba brunvaSi Semosuli
Tanxis Semcirebamde. danaxarjebis pirdapiri da arapirdapiri efeqtebiT
ganisazRvreba ekonomikaze saerTo gavlenis masStabi [62]. aseve unda
aRiniSnos, rom gaweuli danaxarjebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi momdevno
wreze mTlianad ar ixarjeba, misi nawili izogeba, xolo garkveuli nawili
ixarjeba adgilobrivi ekonomikis farglebs gareT. arapirdapiri gavlenebis
gamoTvla xdeba e.w multiplikatorebis saSualebiT [21, gv.119 ].
regionul da adgilobriv biujetze gavlena - sagadasaxado
Semosavlebis mniSvnelovan wyarod ganixileba turistuli da masTan
dakavSirebuli kompaniebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi. gadasaxadebi SesaZloa
konkretuli qveynis specifikidan gamomdinare iyos sxvadasxva. gadasaxadebi
ukavSirdeba, rogorc turistul kompaniebs, aseve turistebsac, magaliTad,
dokumentebis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli, sabaJo da sxva tipis
gadasaxadebi.
mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareoba regionul
WrilSi. sastumroebisa da restornebis brunvis moculobis mixedviT
regionebidan dominirebs Tbilisi, aWara, imereTi da mcxeTa-mTianeTis
regionebi. mTlianad qveynis masStabiT brunvis moculoba dinamikaSi 2000-dan
2012 wlis CaTvliT zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, 2012 wels dafiqsirda 730
milioni lari, 2011-2012 wels dafiqsirda 27%-iani zrda. 2014 wels
75
saqarTvelos masStabiT brunvis moculoba 7.1% gazrdili. regionul WrilSi
kvlav liderobs Tbilisi 579.3 milioni lariT, rac Seadgens mTliani
brunvis 68,6%. Tbilisis Semdeg yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli gaaCnia aWaris
regions 134,1 milio lari. rac Seexeba Sida qarTlis regions 1999 wlidan
2014 wlamde yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda 2011 wels. 2014 wels
wina wlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT brunva 34% gazrdili (ix. cxr. 2.2) .
sastumroebSi da restornebSi dasaqmebulTa kuTxiTac, zrdis
tendencia SeiniSneba, 2012 wlis monacemebis mixedviT dasaqmebulTa
raodenobam jamSi Seadgina 27821 adamiani. saqarTvelos statistikis
erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT sastumroebSi da restornebSi
dasaqmebulTa raodenobam 31330 kaci Seadgina. 2013-2014 wlis monacemebiT
zrdis dinamika fiqsirdeba TbilisSi, aWaraSi, guriaSi, kaxeTSi, mcxeTa-
mTianeTSi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da Sida qarTlis regionSi. zemoT
aRniSnuli regionebisagan gansxvavebiT klebis tendenciaa imereTSi (-12%),
raWa-leCxumSi (-47%), samcxe-javaxeTSi (-9%). Sida qarTlis regionSi
dasaqmebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba2011 wels. 2013-2014 wels
zrda 21%-ia (ix. cxrili 2.3)14 .
14 www. geostat.ge
76
სასტუმროების და რესტორნების ბრუნვის მოცულობა რეგიონების მიხედვით
(მლნ ლარი) ცხრილი. 2.2
წელი საქართველ
ო სულ,
მლნ
თბილის
ი
აჭარ
ა
გური
ა
იმერეთ
ი
კახეთ
ი
მცხეთამ
თიანეთი
რაჭა-
ლეჩხუმი
ქვემო
სვანეთი
საემეგრელო
ზემო
სვანეთი
სამცხე
ჯავახეთ
ი
ქვემო
ქართლ
ი
შიდა
ქართლი
1999 50.5 29.1
4.8
0.5
4.5
0.7
2.5
0.1
1.8
2.5
1.8
2.2
2000 55.6
35.6
5.6
0.4
3.8
0.4
2.9
0.1
1.3
1.2
1.8
2.5
2001 51.3
32.9
3.3
0.5
4.0
0.6
3.5
0.1
1.7
0.6
1.8
2.3
2002 53.4
40.5
3.5
0.4
2.1
0.3
3.1
0.1
1.1
0.3
1.4
0.6
2003 62.1
49.1
3.3
0.4
2.5
0.4
3.3
0.1
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.8
2004 81.3
62.2
5.1
0.5
3.2
0.4
4.5
0.1
1.8
0.5
1.5
1.5
2005 126.7
92.0
10.2
1.0
4.9
1.0
5.8
0.2
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.1
2006 179.0
137.1
14.2
1.3
5.5
1.1
7.9
0.2
2.8
4.6
2.4
1.9
2007 192.8
136.4
20.2
1.0
6.3
0.8
5.4
0.1
10.9
6.1
3.1
2.5
2008 224.6
151.9
20.5
0.8
6.3
0.7
6.8
0.2
21.1
8.9
5.1
2.3
2009 280.0
205.7
26.5
1.7
7.0
0.9
4.9
0.1
20.7
6.5
3.7
2.3
2010 383.9
306.7
37.7
1.4
7.3
4.7
8.6
0.2
6.3
7.3
2.5
1.2
2011 573.8 455.3
54.2
4.4 16.4
2.5
12.3
0.4
8.4
6.8
6.7
6.4
2012 730.0
534.6
95.0
5.3
24.6
6.0
24.3
0.6
7.7
14.7
11.3
5.9
2013 787.4 548.3 119.9 7.3 28.1 11.5 24.4 0.8 12.7 18.4 11.4 4.6
2014 843.6 579.3 134.1 4.8 32.4 12.6 27.4 0.8 10.6 19.0 16.4 6.2
77
სასტუმროებში და რესტორნებში დასაქმებულთა რაოდენობა რეგიონების მიხედვით ცხრილი. 2.3
წელი საქართველ
ო სულ
თბილის
ი
აჭარა გურია იმერეთ
ი
კახეთი მცხეთამ
თიანეთი
რაჭა-
ლეჩხუმი
ქვემო
სვანეთი
საემეგრელო
ზემო
სვანეთი
სამცხე
ჯავახეთი
ქვემო
ქართლ
ი
შიდა
ქართლ
ი
1999 8801
3213
1569
121
1014
242
414
49
559
733
531
356
2000 11399
5756
1519
160
1076
271
476
38
570
336
681
516
2001 7590
3277
980
139
1029
231
507
55
401
184
452
335
2002 6856
3464
888
121
624
189
497
71
265
160
355
222
2003 6701
3334
717
110
686
199
591
69
306
198
181
310
2004 7920
4067
954
148
651
192
695
68
311
139
343
352
2005 11437
5672
1626
147
906
262
850
55
392
481
601
445
2006 11993
5725
2209
245
847
210
829
85
447
509
513
374
2007 11554
5884
1978
120
796
151
488
42
664
631
448
352
2008 11184
4915
1700
110
877
132
710
45
868
743
634
450
2009 13540
7792
1816
211
803
120
424
36
972
517
490
361
2010 16106
10668
2278
159
599
363
539
36
318
537
425
183
2011 24003
16132
2379
439
1072
320
687
29
641
697
785
821
2012 27821
16846
4109
312
1768
507
1239
55
705
1007
814
460
2013 30285 16564 5826 415 1993 671 951 170 858 1417 979 441
2014 31330 17084 6002 458 1748 972 988 89 778 1285 1391 535
78
rac Seexeba seqtorSi Sromis saSualo Tviur anazRaurebas, regionebis
mixedviT dominirebs Tbilisi 620.4 lariT, xolo minimaluri odenoba
fiqsirdeba Sida qarTlSi - 139.7 lari. saSualod ki saqarTveloSi fiqsirdeba
477.8 lari, rac ra Tqma unda niSnavs, rom seqtori ver qmnis
maRalanazRaurebad samuSao adgilebs (ix. cxrili. 2.4).
cxrili. 2.4
sastumroebSi da restornebSi dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri Sromis
anazRaureba regionebis mixedviT (mln lari)15
წელ
ი
საქართ
ველო
სულ
(ლარი)
თბილ
ისი
აჭარ
ა
გური
ა
იმერეთ
ი
კახეთი მცხეთ
ამთიან
ეთი
რაჭა-
ლეჩხუმ
ი ქვემო
სვანეთი
საემეგრე
ლო
ზემო
სვანეთი
სამცხ
ე
ჯავახ
ეთი
ქვემ
ო
ქარ
თლ
ი
შიდა
ქართლ
ი
2006 196.7
291.7
96.2
90.9
65.8
65.3
153.8
35.5
81.5
113.0
66.9
72.8
2007 238.5
314.7
180.5
105.3
80.2
56.4
215.2
27.9
170.8
154.1
70.2
76.8
2008 333.7
508.0
226.0
127.6
95.7
75.5
276.5
84.4
246.6
179.0
95.5
71.5
2009 364.9
465.4
241.9
148.3
124.9
91.4
363.2
107.9
243.8
200.8
109.7
159.1
2010 377.9
421.4
401.5
88.5
108.7
161.2
386.1
124.4
236.9
127.1
114.6
141.0
2011 342.5
390.3
369.8
140.3
182.7
140.6
398.2
55.5
244.1
133.0
110.8
113.5
2012 397.3
464.6
420.2
170.2
190.6
240.6
318.1
144.0
223.2
163.9
161.4
116.1
2013 437.1 548.4 358.4 166.3 136.4 281.0 531.3 142.6 321.9 272.4 211.3 112.8
2014 477.8 620.4 362.3 224.3 155.2 269.2 573.1 210.7 288.5 311.9 142.2 139.7
15 www.geostat.ge
79
cxrili. 2.5
sastumroebSi da restornebis damatebuli Rirebulebis moculoba regionebis
mixedviT (mln lari)
წელ
ი
საქართ
ველო
სულ
(ლარი)
თბილ
ისი
აჭარ
ა
გური
ა
იმერეთ
ი
კახეთი მცხეთ
ამთიან
ეთი
რაჭა-
ლეჩხუმ
ი ქვემო
სვანეთი
საემეგრე
ლო
ზემო
სვანეთი
სამცხ
ე
ჯავახ
ეთი
ქვემ
ო
ქარ
თლ
ი
შიდა
ქართლ
ი
2006 74.8
61.0
4.6
0.5
1.2
0.3
2.9
0.1
0.9
2.1
0.7
0.5
2007 84.1
61.9
9.2
0.4
1.6
0.3
2.5
0.0
3.6
3.2
0.7
0.7
2008 93.7
69.6
8.0
0.3
1.5
0.2
3.8
0.1
4.5
3.9
1.0
0.8
2009 114.3
83.5
15.2
0.7
1.6
0.3
2.6
0.1
5.6
2.7
1.0
1.0
2010 149.9
114.1 21.1
0.6
1.4
2.7
3.7
0.0
2.2
2.8
0.8
0.5
2011 200.9
151.3
26.4 1.2
5.9
0.7
6.6
0.1
3.0
2.1
1.5
2.1
2012 281.2
204.5
39.9
1.8
8.6
3.4
11.3
0.2
3.2
4.1
3.1
1.1
2013 296.4 202.7 50.5 4.3 9.6 4.7 7.2 0.5 5.9 6.5 3.2 1.3
2014 327.3 217.1 59.4 2.4 10.7 5.2 10.7 0.6 5.3 8.6 4.6 2.7
igive SeiZleba iTqvas sastumroebSi da restornebSi Seqmnil damatebul
Rirebulebaze saqarTveloSi. 2014 wels sul Seiqmna 327.3 mln laris
damatebuli Rirebuleba. Tbilisis wili Seadgens 217.1 mln. lars (66%), aWaris
wili 18%-ia, xolo danarCeni nawildeba sxva regionebze (ix. cxrili. 2.5) [15].
rac Seexeba ganTavsebis saSualebebis ganawilebas, aq mowinave
poziciebzea: aWara, samcxe-javaxeTi, kaxeTi, Tbilisi, bolo adgilzea Sida
qarTli. (ix. diagrama 2.6) [34, gv.8]
80
sawoli oTaxebis raodenobis mixedviT pirvel adgilzea aWaris regioni,
mas mosdevs samcxe-javaxeTi, Tbilisi, guria, imereTi, kvlav bolo adglzea
Sida qarTli (ix. diagrama 2.7) [1. gv.8]. 16
regionul WrilSi turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis mimarTulebebze
dakvirvebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom seqtori regionebSi araTanabradaa
ganviTarebuli, amplituda aris maRali, rac dadebiTad ver axasiaTebs
seqtors da zogadad qveynis ekonomikas.
16 www.gnta.ge
81
sagadasaxdelo balansze, saerTaSoriso vaWrobaze zemoqmedeba -
momsaxurebiT vaWroba saerTaSoriso turizmis TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc
saerTaSoriso vaWroba saqonliT, ganixileba saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri
urTierTobebis Semadgenel nawilad. saerTaSoriso turizms, rogorc
saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Semadgenel elements, tradiciuli saqonlisagan
gansxvavebiT axasiaTebs garkveuli Taviseburebebi. gansakuTrebiT unda
aRiniSnos:
• ucxoeli vizitorebis (FVS) mier gaweuli xarjebi warmoadgens
mogzaurobisa da turizmis servisebis eqsports;
• rezidentebis (RSA) mier sazRvargareT gaweuli xarjebi warmoadgens
mogzaurobisa da turizmis servisebis imports.
saerTaSoriso turizmi asrulebs katalizatoris rols, saqonlisa da
momsaxurebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da aZlevs stimuls ekonomikis sxva
seqtorebs. saerTaSoriso turizmi, aseve gavlenas axdens, rogorc qveynis aseve
regionebis sagadasaxdelo balansis struqturaze. saldo ganisazRvreba,
rogorc sxvaoba ucxoeli vizitorebis da adgilobrivi rezidentebis
sazRvargareT gaweuli xarjebiT. saerTaSoriso turizms SeuZlia gavlena
moaxdinos samTavrobo politikis formirebaze, dagegmvaze, sagadasaxdelo
balansis stabilizaciisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebze. sagadasaxdelo balansze
turizmis seqtoris gavlenis gamoTvla Zalian rTulia, Tumca arsebobs
meTodologiebi, romlebic gvaZlevs saSualebas gamovTvaloT aRniSnuli
gavlenebi. [59, gv. 89]
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sagasaxdelo balanss, 2010-2014 wlebSi
momsaxurebis eqsportSi gamoirCeva turistuli momsaxureba. turizmis
eqsporti 2011 wels, 2010 welTan SedarebiT, 44-%-iT gaizarda da misi wili
momsaxurebis eqsportSi 59.2%-s Seadgens. xolo importi 2014 wels wina wlis
maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 1.7%-iT gaizarda da wili momsaxurebis importSi
ganisazRvra 17.4%-iT. 2014 wels turizmis balansSi piradi turizmis wili
Warbobs saqmiani turizmis wils da igi Seadgens 64 %-s. momsaxurebis
82
eqsportSi turistuli momsaxurebis Semdeg meore adgilzea satransporto
momsaxureba [25] (ix. cxrili 2.6). cxrili 2.6.17
Mmln aSS
dolari 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 struqtura
momsaxurebis
eqsporti, sul 1,598.8 2,008.2 2,543.7 2,964.0 3,018.5 100.0
satransporto
momsaxureba 695.1 796.8 849.6 960.8 967.1 32.0
turistuli
momsaxureba 659.2 954.9 1,410.9 1,719.7 1,787.1 59.2
kavSirgabmulobis
momsaxureba 27.5 36.5 49.1 55.3 56.3 1.9
samSeneblo
momsaxureba 9.6 8.6 7.6 9.1 5.5 0.2
sadazRvevo
momsaxureba 38.4 21.1 18.3 18.5 20.2 0.7
finansuri
momsaxureba 16.9 17.4 19.8 8.6 7.0 0.2
kompiuteruli da
sainformacio
momsaxureba
7.4 5.3 3.8 2.7 4.2 0.1
dasaqmeba - mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma,
aris axali samuSao adgilebi. turizmis seqtors SeuZlia samuSao adgilebis
Seqmna axalgazrdebisTvis, qalebisTvis, adgilobriv umciresobaTa
jgufebisTvis. turizmi asaqmebs ara mxolod sastumroebSi, restornebSi da
sxva turistul sawarmoebSi, aseve arapirdapir sxva seqtorebSic, rogoricaa
soflis meurneoba, mrewveloba, transporti da a.S. ekonomikurad depresiul
arealSi samuSao adgilebis SeqmniT seqtors SeuZlia Seamciros
axalgazrdebis emigracia, urbanizacia.
saqarTveloSi mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri kontribucia
dasaqmebaSi 2012 wels ganisazRvra 78 000 samuSao adgiliT, yvelaze maRali
niSnuli dafiqsirda 2001 – 2002wlebSi. 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT
turizmma Seqmna 84 aTasi samuSao adgili, wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan
SedarebiT dafiqsirda 2%-iani zrda (ix. diagrama 2.8) 18.
17 https://www.nbg.gov.ge 18 www.wttc.org
83
Tumca turizmis wvlili dasaqmebaSi amiT ar Semoifargleba. turizmis
seqtori agreTve xels uwyobs arapirdapiri samuSao adgilebis generirebas
sxva seqtorebSi.
turistul kompleqsebs, turistebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad,
sWirdebaT sawarmoo urTierTobebi sxva seqtoris warmomadgenlebTan. es
garemoeba garkveulwilad arTulebs turizmSi pirdapir da iribad
dasaqmebuli adamianebis identifikacias. turizmis specifika, am TvalsazrisiT,
aseve gamoixateba imaSi, rom is aris Sromaintensiuri mimarTuleba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom Tanamedrove teqnologiebis ganviTarebam garkveuli koreqtireba
moaxdina adamianuri resursebis gamoyenebis, marTvis TvalsazrisiT,
momsaxurebis xarisxi mainc damokidebulia dasaqmebulTa raodenobaze erT
turistTan mimarTebiT.
saqarTveloSi turizmis mTliani kontribucia dasaqmebaSi pirdapiri da
arapirdapiri efeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWos
(WTTC) 2014 wlis monacemebiT 300 aTas dasaqmebuls Seadgens, is marTalia
CamorCeba 2001 – 2004 wlebis monacemebs, Tumca 2008 wlis Semdeg dinamikaSi
ganicdis zrdas (ix. diagrama 2.9)19.
19 www.wttc.org
0
20
40
60
80
100
66.9
99.3 95.382.4
74.3
56.865
5142.8
51.7 56.163.7
78.9 83.1 84.9
დიაგრამა2.8 მოგზაურობისადა ტურიზმისპირდაპირი კონტრიბუცია დასაქმებაში (000)
84
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom turistuli aqtivobebis zrda regionSi, SesaZloa
axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis mniSvnelovani winapiroba gaxdes, rac
pozitiurad aisaxeba, rogorc regionze aseve mTlianad qveyanaze.
ekologiuri gavlena - turizmis ganviTarebis procesi xSirad iwvevs
bunebrivi resursebisTvis zianis miyenebas da zog SemTxvevaSi maT
ganadgurebas. turizmis ekologiurobas an araekologiurobas gansazRvravs
misi uaryofiTi an dadebiTi zemoqmedeba garemoze, bunebriv resursebze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom turizmi xSirad uaryofiTad moqmedebs bunebaze, ar
SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is dadebiTi aspeqtebi, romelic moaqvs turizmis
industriis ganviTarebas. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis informireba
ekologiis sakiTxebSi swored turizmis ganviTarebis damsaxurebaa.
detalurad ganvixiloT garemoze turizmis industriis zemoqmedebis
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi aspeqtebi. garemos mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs aseve
saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba, romelmac SesaZloa garkveuli diskomforti
Seuqmnas adgilobriv mosaxleobas, rogorc haeris dabinZurebis, aseve xmauris
TvalsazrisiT. mniSvnelovani damabinZurebeli faqtoria sahaero transporti.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
240,6
354,8340,6
294,7270,2
211,5234,6
190,3161,9
190,6203,2230,1
281,2295,5300
2.9. მოგზაურობისა და ტურიზმის მთლიანი კონტრიბუციადასაქმებაში
(ათასი)
85
sahaero transportis intensiuri ganviTareba iwyeba XX saukunis meore
naxevridan. turizmis ganviTareba warmoudgenelia sahaero transportis gareSe,
Tumca gamoyofili gamonabolqvi naxSirorJangi, nitrogenis oqsidi,
uaryofiTad aixaseba garemoze. iqmneba garkveuli problemebi globaluri
daTbobis TvalsazrisiT. rodesac transportze vsaubrobT, turizmTan
mimarTebaSi, ar unda SemovifargloT mxolod aviaciiT. turizmis industriaSi
mniSvnelovani satransporto saSualebaa aseve avtomobili, romelic farTod
gamoiyeneba, rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve saerTaSoriso gadaadgilebisaTvis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom turizmis industrias gaaCnia garkveuli negatiuri
faqtorebi, aseve mniSvnelovania pozitiuri faqtorebis xazgasma da maTi
dabalanseba. mTavari amosavali wertili aris is, rom turizmi aZlevs bunebas
ekonomikur Rirebulebas. Sedegi turizmSi gamoixateba TanamSromlobiT,
bunebis gonivruli gamoyenebiT, agrokulturebis ganviTarebiT, xe-tyis
mrewvelobiT da a.S. gonivruli midgomiT, aseve SesaZlebelia turizmis
sxvadasxva saxeobebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa ekoturizmi, agroturizmi da
sxva [40, gv. 339].
socio-kulturuli zegavlena - kultura turizmis erT-erTi komponentia,
ara mxolod imitom, rom is gavlenas axdens turistebisa da adgilobrivi
macxovreblebis urTierTobaze, aramed imitomac, rom zogadad kultura
SeiZleba iyos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani atraqcia turistebisaTvis. turizmTan
86
mimarTebiT SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva kulturuli atraqcia, rogorebicaa: ena,
muzeumebi, xelovneba, tradiciebi, samzareulo, arqiteqtura, religia, samosi
da a.S.
• turizmis dadebiTi zegavlena sazogadoebaze moicavs:
• samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas;
• naklebad ganviTarebuli regionebis modernizacias da ganviTarebas;
• adgilobrivi xelovnebisa da tradiciuli kulturuli aqtivobebis
aRirZinebas;
• adgilobrivi tradiciuli arqiteqturis gaaxlebas;
• kulturuli da esTetiuri Rirebulebebis mqone gamorCeuli adgilebis
dacvis aucileblobas [40, gv. 340].
ganviTarebad qveynebSi turizmi TamaSobs udides rols socialuri
mobilobis TvalsazrisiT. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos samuSao adgilebis
tradiciuli agraruli sferodan momsaxurebis industriaSi gadanacvleba, rac
qmnis meti samuSao adgilebisa da ufro maRali xelfasebis perspeqtivas.
turizms garkveulwilad aqvs uaryofiTi zegavlena rogorc kulturuli,
aseve sazogadoebrivi TvalsazrisiT. turizms SeuZlia gamoiwvios turistuli
daniSnulebis adgilebis gadatvirTva. am gadatvirTvam SeiZleba diskomforti
Seuqmnas, rogorc turistebs, aseve adgilobriv rezidentebs. amasTan,
garkveuli regionebi SesaZlebelia gaxdnen zedmetad turizmze damokidebuli.
adgilobriv macxovreblebs SeiZleba gauWirdeT Tanacxovreba turistebTan,
romlebsac Zalzed gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebi da cxovrebis wesi gaaCniaT.
problema kidev ufro mwvavea im regionebisTvis, sadac turizmi aris sezonuri,
amitom adgilobrivma rezidentebma unda moaxdinon sakuTari cxovrebis wesis
cvlileba wlis sxvadasxva periodSi. am SemTxvevaSi problemas warmoadgens
aseve Semosavlebis miReba ara sezonur periodSi. zogierT qveyanaSi, sadac
mkacri religiuri CarCoebia, turizmis Sedegad socialuri Rirebulebebis
Secvla SesaZloa mkveTrad miuRebeli aRmoCndes.
turizmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi socio–kulturuli gavlena aris
e.w. “demonstrirebis efeqti”. aseTi SemTxvevebi xSirad ZiriTadad ganviTarebad
qveynebSi warmoiSoba. demonstrirebis efeqti gulisxmobs, rom adgilobrivi
87
rezidentebi, romlebic ubralod akvirdebian turistebis qcevas, SeaqvT
koreqtivebi sakuTar qcevaSi, rac aisaxeba mTlianad mosaxleobis qcevis
wesebze. am yvelafers SesaZlebelia hqondes garkveuli dadebiTi aspeqti –
vizitorebis Tanamedrove pirad nivTebze dakvirvebiT adgilobrivi
macxovreblebi amCneven turistebis cxovrebis ukeTes dones da uCndebaT
sakuTari cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebis survilic, ramac SeiZleba maT
ukeTesad muSaobis stimuli misces. magram, meore mxriv, Tu kargad
gavaanalizebT situacias, maTze SesaZlebelia uaryofiTi fsiqologiuri
zegavlena moaxdinos iman, rom ar SeuZliaT igive nivTebis SeZena, rac
turistebs aqvT. amasTan, is cxovrebis stili, romelsac sTavazoben
vizitorebi, SeiZleba maTTvis iyos absoluturad ucxo. demonstrirebis
efeqtma aseve SesaZloa waaxalisos sazogadoebis axalgazrda wevrebi da
moxdes maTi migracia sasoflo seqtoridan urbanulSi. demonstrirebis efeqti
SesaZloa Seiqmnas vizitorebsa da adgilobriv rezidentebs Soris
moklevadiani periodis urTierTobisas [40, gv.341].
turizmis multiplikatori - turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis, maTi
gavlenis Sefasebas ekonomikis sxva seqtorebze, Wirdeba Sesabamisi
meTodologia. standartuli meTodologiis saSualebiT SeuZlebelia zusti
zegavlenis Sefaseba, rogorc mTlianad qveynis aseve, regionis masStabiT.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, turizmi gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxvadaxva
seqtorebze da aqtivobebze, rogoricaa: ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti,
komukinacia, mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba, kvebis servisebi, sabanko da
sadazRvevo saqmianoba, Sesabamisad is asrulebs katalizatoris funqcias da
warmoadgens aRniSnuli seqtorebisaTvis stimulis mimcems.
arsebuli tradiciuli statistikiT ar xdeba turizmis mier sxva
seqtorebSi Seqmnili Semosavlebis Sefaseba. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom ar xdeba turizmis kontribuciis zustad Sefaseba qveynis mTlian
Siga produqtSi. tradiciuli sistemiT xdeba pirveladi brunvis Sedegad
miRebuli Sedegebis Sefaseba. turizmis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis
gansazRvrisas, mniSvnelovania daiTvalos turizmis seqtoridan miRebuli
88
mTliani Semosavali, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas SevafasoT damatebiTi
ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, Semosavlebi da a.S. [40, gv.390].
turizmidan miRebuli mTliani Semosavali warmoadgens sakvnaZo
indikators, romelic aucilebelia garkveuli daskvnebis gasakeTeblad
turizmis ekonomikur gavlenasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli kategoria gvaZlevs
kompleqsur warmodgenas turistul biznesTan, infrastruqturasTan,
SemosavlebTan dakavSirebiT. turizmis ekonomikur efeqtianobasaTan
mimarTebiT eqspertebi da analitikosebi aRweren Semdeg ZiriTad faqtorebs
[52]:
• turistuli firmebis rentabeloba, mogeba;
• regionul, erovnul biujetSi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi;
• regionSi infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba;
• turizmis gavlena dasaqmebaze;
mTlian SemosavalSi igulisxmeba misi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve
arapirdapiri gavlenebi, romelsac iRebs qveyana regionis turistuli
aqtivobebis Sedegad fulad gamoxatulebaSi.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ekonomikuri gavlenis Sefasebisas
mniSvnelovani indikatori aris mTliani Semosavali, aRniSnuli indikatoris
gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rogorc pirdapiri aseve
arapirdapiri gavlenebi. pirdapiri gavlenis SemTxvevaSi, mxedvelobaSi miiReba
saangariSo periodSi turistuli firmebis mier miRebuli Semosavlebi, aseve
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, rogorc regionul, aseve adgilobriv doneze.
arapirdapiri gavlenis Sefaseba moiTxovs Sesabamis meTodologiur midgomas.
turizmis gavlenis Sefasebis qvemoT mocemuli meTodikis gamoyeneba
SesaZlebelia, rogorc erovnul aseve regionul doneze. igi adaptirebulia
saerTaSoriso standartebTan. aRniSnuli meTodika axasiaTebs turizmis
seqtors regionul da erovnul WrilSi. meTodikaSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi
makroekonomikuri indikatorebi: mTliani gamoSveba, mTliani Siga produqti,
regionuli, mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti.
mTliani gamoSveba - gviCvenebs drois garkveul periodSi gamoSvebul
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis moculobas fulad gamoxatulebaSi. igi moicavs
89
Sualedur daumTavrebel produqcias, naxevarfabrikatebis, produqtebis,
warmoebis sawyis etapze myofi produqtebis CaTvliT. (ix. diagrama 2.10)
mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti - gamoiTvleba konkretuli qveynis an
federaciis masStabiT. warmoadgens erTi kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebas mimdinare fasebiT (dausrulebeli
produqtebis CaTvliT) qveynis masStabiT. mTliani Siga produqti
ganisazRvreba, rogorc qveynis ekonomikur teritoriaze drois Sesabamis
monakveTSi ekonomikis rezidenti erTeulebis mier (ekonomikuri saqmianobis
sxvadasxva saxeebSi) Seqmnili mTliani damatebuli Rirebulebebis jams
damatebuli gadasaxadebi produqciaze da importze (dRg, aqcizi da sabaJo
gadasaxadi) minus subsidiebi produqtebze.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1426.61665.1 1725.2 1724.1
2075.1
2440.62623.7 2635.7
3069.4
დიაგრამა 2. 10. ტურიზმის სფეროებში პროდუქციის მთლიანი გამოშვება (მლნ ლარი)
turizmis zemoqmedeba erovnul /regionul ekonomikaze SesaZlebelia
gamoiTvalos Semdegi formuliT: (1)
M=Mt + (1)
სადაც:
M - turizmidan miRebuli pirdapiri da arapirdapiri ekonomikuri efeqti;
MT – pirvel wreze turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi (pirdapiri
ekonomikuri efeqti).
90
Mi – turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi, romlebic miiReba I wreze
moZraobis Sedegad (arapirdapiri ekonomikuri efeqti).
i - wre, etapi Tanxebis moZraobis turizmis Sedegad.
rodesac viTvliT turizmidan miRebul Semosavlebs mTlian Sida
produqtSi, unda gaviTvaliswinoT turistuli firmebis da uSualod
turistebis mier gaweuli damatebiTi danaxarjebi, rac cxadia, arsebiT
gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxva seqtorebze. aRniSnuli xarjebi SesaZloa
dakavSirebuli iyos sxvadasxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenasTan,
infrastruqturasTan da a.S. [70] aqedan gamomdinare pirvel etapze unda
daiTvalos turistuli SekveTebis Sedegad miRebuli wili mTlian Sida
produqtSi (M1). aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba turistuli firmebis Semosavlebis
mxolod nawili, TviTRirebulebis gamoklebiT (2). garda amisa, Semosavlebis
mxolod nawili rCeba qveynis (regionis) ekonomikaSi, amitom (2) formulaSi
unda SemoviRoT koeficienti (Qt), romelic aRniSnavs turizmis mier gaweuli
xarjebis wils, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi [38].
M1=(VT-ZTи) (2)
M1=QT(VT-ZTи) (3)
sadac:
M1 - turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis nawili, romelmac gavlenas
axdens mTlian Sida produqtze, (romelic gamowveul iqna turizmidan
ganxorcielebuli SekveTebis Sedegad).
Vt - turistuli momsaxurebis moculoba fulad gamoxatulebaSi;
Z – xarjebis moculoba romelic gaweul iqna saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
SesaZenad, turistebis momsaxurebisaTvis (turproduqtis
TviTRirebuleba);
QT - xarjebis wili romelic rCeba erovnul ekonomikaSi;
formulis am etapze SesaZlebelia gansazRvra xarjebis im nawilis,
romelic Sedis mTlian Sida produqtSi. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi
Tanafardoba (4):
91
Y *QT x ( VT - ZTи) , (4)
X
sadac:
Y - mTliani Siga produqti;
X - mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti;
aqedan SegviZlia gamovTvaloT mTliani Siga produqtis moculoba,
romelic gamoiwvia turistulma SekveTebma gaweuli danaxarjebis Sedegad, (5):
M1= (5)
meore da momdevno wreze moZravi fuladi nakadebis garkveuli nawili
aseve aisaxeba mTlian Siga produqtze. aRniSnuli nakadebi aseve iwvevs
regionSi, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdas [34].
aseTive gziT SeiZleba ganisazRvros wili mTlian Siga produqtSi,
romelic gamowveul iqna erovnuli sawarmoebis da firmebis mier gaweuli
xarjebis Sedegad i - etapze. wili SesaZloa gamovsaxoT, rogorc (Mi+1). mTliani
Siga produqtis da mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqtis saSualebiT aseve
SesaZloa ganisazRvros xarjebis moculobac, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi i -
etapze, es SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT gamovsaxoT [38]:
(6)
qveynis ekonomikaSi rCeba turizmidan miRebuli saSualebebis garkveuli
nawili, I etapze, analogiurad unda SemoviRoT koeficienti Qi, romelic
gviCvenebs xarjebis imnawils romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi (7). SegviZlia am
etapze gamovTvaloT xarjebis is nawili, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi da
romelic aisaxeba mTlian Sida produqtSi (8):
(7)
(8)
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, miviRebT Semdeg gamosaxulebas:
= RMi,(9)
92
sadac:
R - koeficienti gviCvenebs, ekonomikaSi fuladi saSualebebis ganvlil
etapebs;
aqedan gamomdinare, moculoba mTlian Siga produqtSi, romelic
gamowveul iqna adgilobrivi firmebis mier ganxorcielebuli xarjebis
Sedegad i- etapze (Mi+1), SegviZlia gamovsaxoT Semdegi saxiT (10):
Mi=1= R*Mi Mi=1= M1 * Ri(10)
geometriuli progresiis Sedegad, (10) formulis (1) SerwymiT viRebT
Semdegs (11):
M=MT+M1+ =MT+M1+ (11)
(5) formulasTan SerwymiT SegviZlia davTvaloT turizmidan miRebuli
erToblivi Semosavali (12), aRniSnuli urTierTmimarTeba aisaxeba qveynis
mTlian multiplikatorSi:
M=MT+M1* ( )=MT+ * (12)
sadac:
M - erToblivi Semosavali (pirdapiri da arapirdapiri efeqti,
multiplikatoris CaTvliT);
MT - pirvel wreze moZravi fuladi saSualebebi ekonomikaSi (turizmis
pirdapiri efeqti);
M1 - Semosavlebis nawili, turizmis SekveTebiT gamowveuli;
VT - turistuli momsaxurebis moculoba (Semosavlebi) fulad
gamoxatulebaSi;
ZTи - danaxarjebi romelic gaweul iqna saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis,
turistebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.
Y- mTliani Sida(regionuli) produqti;
X - mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti;
R - koeficienti gviCvenebs, ekonomikaSi fuladi saSualebebis ganvlil
etapebs;
Qt - danaxarjebis nawili romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi;
93
2.2. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena da
maTze zemoqmedeba
turizmis ganviTarebis faqtorebis Seswavlis mizans warmoadgens
seqtorSi cvlilebebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena da maTze
zemoqmedebiT industriis ganviTarebis stimulireba. seqtorebis ganviTarebaze
moqmedi faqtorebis gamosavlenad adaptirebulia cnobili meTodi PESTEL
analizi, romelic gulisxmobs faqtorTa dajgufebas politikuri (Political),
ekonomikuri (Economic), socialuri (Social), teqnologiuri (Technological), bunebrivi
(Envorenmental) da samarTlebrivi (Legal) garemos ganmsazRvrelebis mixedviT.
TiToeuli es faqtori Tavis mxriv moicavs faqtorTa jgufs, amasTan Tavad
ganicdis aRniSnuli seqtoridan ukugavlenebsac [40, gv.199].
politikuri (Political) faqtorebi – masSi ZiriTadad moiazreba seqtoris
garemos maregulirebelo organizaciebis, momxmarebelTa da sazogadoebrivi
interesebis dacvis jgufebis moTxovnebi. politikur faqtorebs ZiriTadad
gansazRvravs mTavrobebi, samTavrobo institutebi da saagentoebi.
saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis politikis gatarebis
uflebamosili instituciebia: turizmis erovnuli administracia, saqarTvelos
parlamenti, premieris aparati, prezidentis aparati. samTavrobo politikas
SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos industriis SesaZleblobebze. Sesabamisad,
mniSvnelovania mTavrobis mier gatarebuli Tu gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis
sworad gaazreba, radgan is gavlenas axdens seqtoris ganviTarebis
mimarTulebebze da tempebze. agreTve, arsebobs bevri saerTaSoriso da
erovnuli organizacia, romelic mTavrobis interesebis gamtareblebi arian.
zogierTi saerTaSoriso organizacia ki turizmis industriis interesebis
gamtarebelia da cdilobs gavlena moaxdinos mTavrobaTa gadawyvetilebebze.
aseTia, magaliTad sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia (IATA),
romelic saaviacio industriis warmomadgenelia, evropis tur-operatorTa
asociacia (ETOA), britanuli kurortebis asociacia da sxvebi. amasTan
turizmis ganviTarebis politikaze gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos mTavrobis
mier saerTaSoriso organizaciebis winaSe nakisri valdebulebebi. maT Soris
94
aRsaniSnavia „evrokavSiri – saqarTvelos asocirebis xelSekruleba“, romlis
parafireba moxda 2013 wels. am xelSekrulebiT saqarTvelo da evrokavSiri
Tanxmdeba TanamSromlobaze turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, Semdegi principebiT20:
• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis, moTxovnebis, turizmis
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT prioritetebis gaTvaliswinebaze,
gansakuTreb¬iT raionebSi;
• kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva, pozitiuri interaqcia turizmis
ganviTarebisa da garemos SenarCunebis kuTxiT;
TanamSromloba moxdeba aseve Semdeg ZiriTad sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT:
• informaciis gacvla, gamocdilebis gaziareba;
• partniorobis mxardaWera, sazogadoebrivi da kerZo interesebidan
gamomdinare, turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT;
• turistuli produqtebis, bazrebis, infrastruqturis, adamianuri
resursebis, instituciebis, ganviTareba;
• turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis efeqtiani politikis SemuSaveba;
• Sesabamisi treningebis SemuSaveba momsaxurebis standartebis
gaumjobebsebisaTvis.
es xelSekruleba momavalSi turizmis industriis ganviTarebis
veqtorebis mniSvnelovani ganmsazRvreli gaxdeba.
ekonomikuri (Economic) faqtorebi – mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs seqtoris
ganviTarebas. aq aRsaniSnavia: ekonomikis mdgomareoba, seqtorSi mogebis norma
da dividendebis done, valutis gacvliTi kursi, fasebi da inflacia,
sagadasaxado sistema, globalizaciis done, sakuTrebis saxeebi industriaSi
da misi struqtura, horizontaluri da vertikaluri integracia.
ekonomikas moaqvs Semosavlebi adamianebisaTvis, rac maT mogzaurobis
saSualebas aZlevs. gacvliTma kursma SesaZloa rogorc waaxalisos, aseve
Seasustos mogzauroba. magaliTad, dolaris kursis Semcireba larTan
mimarTebaSi astimulirebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa mogzaurobas sazRvargareT
20 http://eeas.europa.eu/georgia/assoagreement/assoagreement-2013_en.htm
95
da piriqiT, laris devalvacia iwvevs turizmis produqtis eqsportis
stimulirebas. aseve, ekonomikuri zrda astimulirebs turistuli nakadebis
Semodinebas, agreTve adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis mogzaurobas qveynis SigniT,
anu Sida turizmis ganviTarebas. magaliTad, ekonomikurma zrdam axlo
aRmosavleTisa da aziis regionSi biZgi misca regionidan ufro meti adamianis
CarTvas turizmSi. ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sida turizmis wili aWarbebs gare
turizms, Tumca saqarTveloSi piriqiTaa. 2012 wels ucxoeli vizitorebis mier
gaweuli xarjebi Seadgenda mTliani xarjebis 58,3%–s [40, gv.211-212].
socialuri (Social) faqtorebi – moicavs cvlilebebs demografiaSi
(mosaxleobis asakobrivi, sqesobrivi struqtura, migracia, ganaTlebis done);
mosaxleobis keTildReobis dones (jandacva, Semosavlebi, Tavisufali drois
arseboba), socialuri kavSirebs da socialuri mzrunvelobis formebs,
simdidris gadanawilebis gzebis formebs, cxovrebis stilis specifikas,
simdidris dones da keTildReobas, codnas da kulturuli ganviTarebis
dones, rac SesaZloa iyos sxva adgilebis monaxulebis motivatori. samuSao
adgilebis Semcireba adgilze da msoflioSi mkveTrad amcirebs turizmze
moTxovnas. mag. evropaSi mosaxleobis daberebidan gamomdinare, msxvili
turistuli kompaniebi cdiloben ganaviTaron turistuli adgilebi
xandazmulTaTvis. adamianebis cnobismoyvareoba da survili gaigon meti axali
adgilebis Sesaxeb xels uwyobs kulturuli turizmis ganviTarebas da misi
arealis gafarToebas, magaliTad axlo aRmosavleTSi, indoeTSi da aseve, Sors
manZilze gadaadgilebas, magaliTd, antarqtidaze, himalais mTebSi an
tropikul tyeebSi.
teqnologiuri (Technological) faqtorebi – moicavs turistuli produqtis
Seqmnis teqnologiebs, m.S. virtualur realobas; komunikaciis teqnologiebs,
m.S. internets; operaciul teqnologiebs, m.S. globaluri distribuciis
sistemebs; avtomatizaciis dones da a.S. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen
turizmis ganviTarebaze, didi siswrafiT icvleba da viTardeba. istoriulad,
rogorc matareblebma, aseve aviaciam revolucia moaxdina mogzaurobis
industriaSi. ufro axlo warsulSi ki, internetma axali SesaZleblobi
warmoSva Tundac eleqtronuli dajavSnis kuTxiT.
96
bunebrivi (Envorenmental) faqtorebi – moicavs or ZiriTad mimarTulebas:
pirveli es aris bunebrivi garemos analizi, romelic turizmis industrias
aZlevs ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas da meore, fizikuri garemos dacva,
romelic zrunvis sagani gaxda saerTaSoriso masStabiT. faqtia, turizmma
mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli garemos dazianebas. iseTma Soreulma adgilebmac
ki, rogorebicaa avstralia da himalais mTebi, ganicades bunebrivi garemos
gauaraseba turistuli aqtivobebis Sedegad. ekoturizmsac ki moaqvs garkveuli
ziani. imarTeba sxvadasxva kampaniebi, romlebic emsaxureba cnobierebis
amaRlebas garemos dacvis saWiroebis kuTxiT. garemosdacviTi organizaciebi
cdiloben aiZulon tur-operatorebi, turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebi,
sastumroebi da aviakompaniebi, raTa gaataron garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi.
Sesabamisad, swori politikis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi, turizmis industria
SesaZlebelia garemos SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani berketi gaxdes [72].
samarTlebrivi (Legal) faqtorebi – uSualod, pirdapir gansazRvravs seqtoris
ganviTarebas. mis daxvewas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba industriis
ganviTarebaSi. turizmisa marTvis saxelmwifo regulirebis arsi imaSia, rom
saxelmwifo aRiarebs turizms, rogorc dargs, romelic qveynis ekonomikis
ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad Camoyalibda da xels
uwyobs mis ganviTarebas, iRebs valdebulebas Seqmnas sasurveli garemo dargis
funqcionirebisaTvis. saxelmwifo ra Tqma unda bazarTan erTad, gansazRvravs
dargSi prioritetul mimarTulebebs, saerTaSoriso doneze reklamas uwevs
qveynis turistul potencials da qmnis turistuli saqmianobisaTvis sasurvel
imijs. evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi turizmi regulirdeba erovnuli da
evrokavSiris erToblivi kanonmdeblobiT [40, gv.211-212].
saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo baza da normatiuli debulebebi, turizmis
dargis ganviTarebaze pirdapiri gavlenis faqtorebia, riTac regulirdeba
seqtoris ganviTarebis tendenciebi, gansazRvreba seqtoris ganviTarebaze
pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo struqturebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom sakanonmdblo
regulaciebi moZvelebulia da igi moiTxovs rogorc bazris Tanamedrove
moTxovnebTan, asve evropul standartebTan harmonizebas [73]. Cveni azriT am
97
kuTxiT aucilebelia ucxouri gamocdilebis Seswavla. Sakanonmdeblo
dokumentebidan gansakuTrebiT gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia:
• „saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“;
• „saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitariuli
dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb“;
• „saqarTvelos kanoni sivrciTi mowyobilobisa da qalaqTmSeneblobis
safuZvlebis Sesaxeb“;
• „saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi“;
• „saqarTvelos kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb“. da a.S.
saqarTveloSi turizmis dargis ganviTarebis pasuxismgebeli institucia,
ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros struqturuli erTeuli –
turizmis erovnuli administraciaa. turizmis erovnuli administracia
uSualodaa pasuxismgebeli turizmis seqtoris funqcionirebaze, saTanado
politikis gatarebaze saqarTveloSi.
„saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ aregulirebs
turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul urTierTobebs. kanoni
„turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ Sedgeba saqarTvelos konstituciis,
aRniSnuli kanonis da maT Sesabamisad miRebuli sxva normatiuli aqtebisagan.
kanoniT saxelmwifos mier aRiarebulia turizmisa da kurortebis dargi
erovnuli kulturisa da ekonomikis ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritetul
mimarTulebad da qmnis turistuli da sakurorto saqmianobisaTvis xelsayrel
pirobebs.
seqtoris mniSvnelovan maregulirebel organos warmoadgens
saqarTvelos parlamenti, romelic gansazRvravs saxelmwifo politikis
ZiriTad mimarTulebebs turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi da axorcielebs mis
sakanonmdeblo regulirebas; amyarebs saparlamentTaSoriso urTierTobas sxva
saxelmwifoebTan turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi.
saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT saqarTvelos prezidenti:
• uzrunvelyofs erTiani politikis ganxorcielebas turizmisa da
kurortebis dargSi;
98
• dargis marTvis uflebamosili organosa da Sesabamisi samsaxurebis
wardginebiT amtkicebs sanitaruli dacvis zonebs;
• iTvaliswinebs turizmisa da kurortebis ganviTarebis interesebs
qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, agreTve
saxelmwifoTaSoriso da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobaSi;
• dargis marTvis uflebamosili organos wardginebiT amtkicebs
kurortebis nusxas da statuss [22].
99
2.3. turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali saqarTveloSi da misi
gansazRvra
saqarTvelo gamoirCeva maRali turistuli da rekereaciuli
potencialiT. qveynisadmi interesi ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
gansakuTrebulad gaizarda, rasac adasturebs saerTaSoriso vizitorTa zrdis
dinamika qveyanaSi, es ki turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani indikatoria. samomavlod aRniSnuli tendenciis
SesanarCuneblad, seqtoris Tvisebrivi gajansaRebisTvis aucilebelia
saxelmwifos mxridan Sesabamisi politikis SemuSaveba, rac unda gamoixatos
investiciebis mozidvisaTvis xelsayreli garemos SeqmnaSi, infrastruqturuli
proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadebaSi, rac
stimuls miscems qveyanaSi ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdas [12].
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia politikis SemuSaveba, rogorc
saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis, aseve Sida turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis
TvalsazrisiT [79]. Tanamedrove tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelos,
rogorc qveyanas gaaCnia garkveuli Zlieri mxareebi, rogoricaa:
• geografiuli mdebareoba;
• mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;
• bunebrivi landSaftebi da ekosistema;
• mineraluri, samkurnalo wylebi da a.S.
• folkloruli da erovnuli tradiciebi;
turizmis industriis ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli rolis Sesruleba
SeuZlia rogorc materialuri, ise aramaterialuri faseulobebis siuxves,
riTac saqarTvelo marTlac mdidaria. saqarTveloSi arsebobs msoflio
mniSvnelobis sanaxaobebi. maT dacvaze saerTaSoriso organizaciebi zrunaven.
msoflioSi cnobili da unikaluri Zeglebis dacvasa da reabilitacias
emsaxureba gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis
organizacia - iunesko (UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization) [97].
100
saqarTvelos kulturuli turizmi ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia
kulturul ZeglebTan, TiTqmis yvela kulturuli turi ukavSirdeba
istoriul Zegls, radganac saqarTveloSi yvela mimarTulebiT uamravi
kulturuli Zeglia. qveyanaSi aRricxulia 12 aTasi Zegli, maTgan saxelmwifo
icavs 5 aTas Zegls [19].
turizmis potencialis gansazRvrisaTvis adaptirebulia faqtoruli
analizis meTodebi. maTi gaTvaliswinebiT, turistuli mimzidvelobis
ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi, romelTa mixedviTac saqarTvelos gaaCnia
garkveuli Zlieri mxareebi, SesaZloa CamovayaliboT Semdegi saxiT: (ix.
cxrili 2.1) [13].
ფაქორები, რომლებიც განაპირობებენ
ტურისტულ მიმზიდველობას
საქართველო
ბუნებრივ-რეკრეაციული
ხელსაყრელი ეკოლოგიური ფაქტორები:
➢ საინტერესო ბუნებრივი ლანდშაფტები;
➢ ბალნეოლოგიური და სამკურნალო
კურორტები;
➢ მდიდარი ფლორა და ფაუნა;
ისტორიულ-კულტურული
დაცული ტერიტორიები:
➢ ისტორიულ კულტურული ძეგლები;
➢ არქიტექტურული და არქეოლოგიური
ძეგლები;
➢ სახალხო დღესასწაულები;
➢ მუსიკალური ფოლკლორული
ფესტივალები;
➢ მუზეუმები, საგამოფენო სივრცე;
➢ ავთენტური ადგილობრივი ტრადიციები;
➢ უძველესი ეკლესიები, მონასტრები;
➢ რელიგიურ-კულტურული ღონისძიებები;
➢ დარგის განვითარებისათვის სამთავრობო
პოლიტიკის ჩამოყალიბება;
➢ თანამედროვე ტურისტული
ინფრასტრუქტურის ჩამოყალიბების
აუცილებლობა;
➢ ტურიზმის განვითარებისათვის მცირე
მეწარმეების დაინტერესების
101
ეკონომიკური ფაქტორები
აუცილებლობა;
➢ მიმზიდველი საინვესტიციო გარემოს
შექმნა;
➢ განთავსების საშუალებების (სხვადასხვა
ტიპის) აუცილებლობა,
➢ ტურისტების მომსახურებისათვის
შესაბამისი კვალიფიკაციის პერსონალის
მომზადება.
➢ სატრანსპორტო ინფრასტრუქტურის
სრულყოფა.
➢ ტურიზმის სფეროში ერთიანი
საინფორმაციო ბაზის ჩამოყალიბება
სოციალურ-ფსიქოლოგიური ფაქტორები
➢ სტაბილური პოლიტიკური და
ეკონომიკური ფაქტორების
აუცილებლობა;
➢ ტურისტული პროდუქტების
დიფერენცირება (ასაკი, სქესის,
სოციალური მდგომარეობის
გათვალისწინებით).
➢ ადგილობრივი რეზიდენტების
კეთილგანწყობა ტურისტების მიმართ;
➢ გარკვეული გარანტიები უსაფრთხოების,
კომფორტული პირობების შექმნისათვის.
saqarTvelos potenciali gamoixateba im bunebriv simZlavreebSi,
romelic gaaCnia qveyanas. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania istoriul–
kulturuli Zeglebi, daculi teritoriebi, bunebrivi resursebi.
● istoriul–kulturuli Zeglebi - turizmis ganviTarebis kuTxiT
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs istoriul - kulturul memkvidreobas,
dasaxlebaTa tradiciul arqiteqturas da regionis gansaxlebis sistemas.
saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxe aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdidaria da aZlevs
mas imis SesaZleblobas, rom kulturuli turizmi gaxdes erT-erTi mowinave
mimarTuleba. qveyanaSi arsebuli 12000 istoriis, xuroTmoZRvrebis da
arqiteqturis Zeglidan 4 Setanili iuneskos msoflio mniSvnelobis ZeglTa
nusxaSi da sxva uamravi istoriul-kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaoba, yovelive
amis sawindaria. aRsaniSnavia muzeumebis da Teatrebis raodenoba, kerZod 188
102
muzeumi, maT Soris - istoriuli (mxareTmcodneobis) 61; memorialuri 78;
xelovnebis da literaturis 20; muzeum-nakrZali 11 da 44 Teatri. kulturuli
turizmis roli umniSvnelovanesia msoflio memkvidreobis dacva-SenaxvisaTvis.
igi moicavs turizmis yvela im mimarTulebas, romlebic dakavSirebulia eris
istoriis, kulturis, eTnografiis, materialuri da sulieri memkvidreobis
popularizaciasTan. kulturul memkvidreobaSi Sedis ara marto Zeglebi,
aramed festivalebi, muzeumebi, xelovnebis SemoqmedebiTi dargebi, kulturuli
movlenebi, kustaruli mrewvelobis nakeTobebi, kulinaria. kulturuli
turizmi xels uwyobs TviTSegnebis amaRlebas adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi21.
saqarTveloSi kulturuli turizmis ganviTareba unda daigegmos
istoriuli Zeglebis istoriul-xuroTmoZRvruli Rirsebebisa da maT garSemo
arsebuli infrastruqturis gaTvaliswinebiT.
saqarTvelo kulturuli mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT Zalze
saintereso qveyanaa da samwuxaroa, rom dRes uamravi umniSvnelovanesi obieqti
rCeba yuradRebis gareSe, mravali maTgani pasuxobs im specifikur
kriteriumebs, romelTa mixedviTac msoflio memkvidreobis
samTavroboTaSoriso komiteti cnobs, rom Zegls gaaCnia gansakuTrebuli,
zogadsakacobrio Rirebuleba. saerTod, saqarTvelos kulturuli
memkvidreobis mniSvnelobas, upirveles yovlisa, saWiroa TviTon eri
ufrTxildebodes, icavdes da zrunavdes mis gadarCenaze.
● daculi teritoriebi - saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis daarsebas
didi xnis istoria aqvs. pirveli daculi teritoria – lagodexis saxelmwifo
nakrZali Seiqmna jer kidev 1912 wels. amJamad saqarTvelos daculi
teritoriebis saerTo farTobia 520 273 ha, rac qveynis teritoriis daaxloebiT
7,46 %-ia. daculi teritoriebis daaxloebiT 75% tyiT aris dafaruli. daculi
teritoriebis upirvelesi daniSnuleba unikaluri biomravalferovnebis,
damaxasiaTebeli ekosistemebis dacva-SenarCunebaa.
saqarTveloSi arsebobs IUCN-is kriteriumebis mixedviT 68 sxvadasxva
kategoriis daculi teritoria, maT Soris:
14 saxelmwifo nakrZali;
21 http://www.culture.gov.ge
103
10 erovnuli parki;
18 aRkveTili;
24 bunebis Zegli;
2 daculi landSafti;
sainteresoa vizitorTa statistika dacul terioriebze da vizitorTa
statistika daculi teritoriebis mixedviT (ix diagrama 2.11. da 2.12.).
diagrama 2.11. vizitorTa
dinamika22
22 www.moe.gov.ge
104
diagrama 2.12. vizitorTa statistika daculi teritoriebis
mixedviT23
turistul parkebSi mravalferovani interesia Cadebuli: sporti, veluri
buneba, adgilobrivi wes-Cveulebani da kultura, rac mTavaria wyali, mTebi,
mdinareebi, tyeebi da a.S. yvelaferi es warmoadgens rekreaciul Rirebulebas,
gansakuTrebiT Sida turizmisaTvis. bolo dros ganviTarebul qveynebSi sul
ufro meti adamiani iCens interess specialuri turebisadmi, romlebic
orientirebulia bunebriv, “egzotikur” da kulturul Rirebulebebze. aqedan
gamomdinare, swored maTi gadanawileba xdeba aqamde turizmisaTvis
auTvisebel teritoriaze.
dRes TandaTanobiT naTlad gamoikveTa CvenSi daculi teritoriebis
axali, ufro moqnili, rac mTavaria - regionebis socialur - ekonomikur
ganviTarebasTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli sistemis Camoyalibebis aucilebloba.
saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebze didia turistuli saxeebis danergvis
SesaZleblobebi, maT Soris mniSvnelovania:
• turizmi bunebis gacnobis mizniT;
• saojaxo turizmi;
23 www.moe.gov.ge
105
• agroturizmi;
• axalgazrduli da sabavSvo turizmi;
• zRvispira da mdinarispira turizmi;
• sportuli turizmi;
• saTavgadasavlo;
• saSvebulebo turizmi;
• zoologiuri da botanikuri SemecnebiTi turizmi da fotonadiroba;
• kulturuli da SemecnebiTi turizmi;
• trekingi da laSqrobebi;
• samkurnalo da gamajansaRebeli turizmi.
bunebrivi resursebi. turizmis seqtoris potencials mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs bunebrivi resursebi. saqarTvelo gansakuTrebiT mdidaria
mineraluri wylis, tyis, resursebiT. saqarTvelos konstitucia avaldebulebs
mis moqalaqeebs, daicvan, gaufrTxildnen da izrunin bunebaze. qveyanaSi tyis
mdgradi ganviTarebisa da marTvis koncefcia iTvaliswinebs tyis ekologiur,
ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebas. tyis menejmentis ekologiuri,
ekonomikuri da politikuri aspeqtebi aris qveynis erovnuli ganviTarebis
strategiis nawili. tyis mdgradi ganviTarebis mizania, daakmayofilos
sazogadoebis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi tyis resursebis sferoSi. yovelive zemoT
aRniSnuli ki xels uwyobs qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas da xdis ufro
mimzidvels. saqarTvelos teritoriis saerTo farTobis (6.95 mln. heqtari)
40%–s Seadgens saxelmwifo tyis fondi (3 007 600 ha). saqarTveloSi aris 103
kurorti; 167 sakurorto adgili; 688 – myinvari; 2000–ze meti – samkurnalo
wyali, Savi zRvis sanapiro sigrZe – 330 km; teritoriuli wylebis (Savi zRvis)
farTobi – 679,0, (8,9%); aTasi heqtari. qveynis miwis farTobia 6949,4 aTasi
heqtari. 2002 wels, „wylis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, 17,1 aTasi
heqtari – Waobi; kldeebiT dakavebulia _ 18,4 aTasi heqtari (0,2%). saqarTvelo
mdidaria wylis resursebiT. mis teritoriaze miedineba 26060 mdinare, romelTa
saerTo sigrZe 26 aTas km-s aRwevs. saqarTveloSi 860-mde tbaa, umetesoba
Zalian pataraa, amitomac tbebis saerTo farTobi 170 kv.km-s ar aRemateba
(qveynis teritoriis 0.24%), maTi umetesoba mtkanaria. turizmis ganviTarebis
106
TvalsazrisiT aseve mniSvnelovania arsebuli Waobebi. Waobebs saqarTveloSi
gansakuTrebiT didi farTobi (225 aTasi ha) ukavia kolxeTis dablobze24.
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom:
• regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli Teoriuli
da praqtikuli aspeqtebis mimoxilva, romelic mniSvnelovani winapirobaa
saqarTvelos globalur bazarTan integrirebis, saerTaSoriso
ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis TvalsazrisiT;
• SeiniSneba saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis TvalsazrisiT zrdis dinamika, rac
ukanaskneli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani tendenciaa. Tumca aseve
aucilebelia seqtoris srulfasovani ganviTarebisaTvis Sida turizmis
ganviTareba da xelSewoba;
• saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmi asrulebs katalizatoris rols,
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da aZlevs stimuls
ekonomikis sxva seqtorebs. saerTaSoriso turizmi, aseve gavlenas axdens,
rogorc qveynis aseve regionebis sagadasaxdelo balansis struqturaze
saqarTvelos sagadasaxdelo balansSi zrdis tendenciiT gamoirCeva
turistuli momsaxureoba.
• mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma aris axali
samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, rac aucilebelia qveyanaSi siRaribis
daZlevis, Semosavlebis zrdis, cxovrebis donis amaRlebis
TvalsazrisiT. dReisaTvis dasaqmebaSi turizmis wvlili Seadgens 14,2%–
s, magram seqtoris potenciali gacilebiT didia;
• turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia SemuSavdes Sesabamisi
politika, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba turizmis ganviTarebis
rogorc negatiuri aseve pozitiuri faqtorebi;
• turizmis ganviTarebis faqtorebis analizisas ikveTeba aucilebloba
imisa, rom moxdes seqtorSi cvlilebebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis
gamovlena da maTze zemoqmedebiT industriis ganviTarebis stimulireba.
aRniSnuls miekuTvneba, politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri,
teqnologiuri, garemo, samarTlebrivi faqtorebi;
24 www.moe.gov.ge
107
• xelSemwobi sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi warmoadgens turizmis
ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan winapirobas, aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT
saqarTveloSi ikveTeba garkveuli problemebi, magaliTad, saqarTvelos
,,kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb”, miRebulia 1997 wels,
xasiaTdeba rigi naklovanebebiT da masSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar
Sesula;
• saqarTveloSi turizmis industriis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
arsebobs rogorc materialuri, aseve aramaterialuri faseulobebi.
qveyanas gaaCnia mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba, bunebrivi
landSaftebi da ekosistema; mineraluri, samkurnalo wylebi,
folkloruli da erovnuli tradiciebi da a.S;
• turizmis seqtoris momavali warmatebebi, ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad
damokidebulia momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze, es ki
SesaZlebelia Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis adamianuri resursebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi. sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom am mimarTulebiT daxmarebisaTvis
mzaoba gamoiTqva evrokavSiris mxridan, rac gamoixata evrokavSiri–
saqarTvelos asocirebis xelSekrulebis parafirebiT.
amrigad, ekonomikis globalizaciisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis pirobebSi
aucilebelia saqarTveloSi arsebuli resursebis (materialuri, SromiTi,
finansuri) efeqtiani gamoyenebisaTvis konkretuli variantebisa da
prioritetebis gansazRvra, sworad Camoyalibeba da regionis miwodebis jaWvSi
ise CarTva, rom uzrunvelyos konkurentuli upiratesobis miRweva [88].
108
Tavi III. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis strategia
3.1. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis arsebuli mdgomareoba
turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove realobis Seswavlis mizniT, Sida
qarTlis regionSi CavatareT kvleva, romelic moicavda Semdeg aqtivobebs:
1. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi turistebis, vizitorebis anketuri
gamokiTxva winaswar Sedgenili kiTxvaris meSveobiT (ix. danarTi 1);
2. mosaxleobis anketuri gamokiTxva da interviu;
3. fokus jgufebTan Sexvedra.
Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis arsebuli mdgomareobis Seswavlis,
analizis da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT, 2015 wels CavatareT
turistebis anketuri gamokiTxva. ramdenadac saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi
turistebi metwilad stumroben goris municipalitets, kerZod: ufliscixe,
goris cixe, i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumi, atenis xeoba da a.S. Sesabamisad,
anketireba swored goris municipalitetis farglebSi ganvaxorcieleT. sul
gamokiTxul iqna 180 turisti. gamokiTxvebi ZiriTadad ufliscixeSi da i.b.
stalinis saxl-muzeumSi Semosul turistebTan xorcieldeboda, radganac ukve
cnobili iyo am mimarTulebiT turistTa nakadebis yovelwliuri mniSvnelovani
zrda (ix. Ddiagrama 3.1.)
diagrama #3.1
109
aRniSnul regionSi turizmis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis mizanSewonilad
miviCnieT anketaSi iseTi kiTxvebis Setana, rogoricaa: gsmeniaT Tu ara, rom
goris mimdebare municipalitetebSic arsebobs mravali RirsSesanisnaoba,
istoriuli adgili, umSvenieresi landSaftebi da uZvelesi eklesia monastrebi?
aseve, isurvebdiT Tu ara, rom Tqveni saeqskursio marSruti goris mimdebare
teritoriebidan gagrZelebuliyo zemoT aRniSnulis gasacnobad da
dasaTvaliereblad?
saerTod, specialurad Sedgenili anketis kiTxvari, miznad isaxavda Sida
qarTlis regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis arsebuli mdgomareobis da
gansakuTrebiT turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis donis Seswavlas. msgavsi
gamokiTxva SesaZlebels xdis gavigoT, Tu romeli turistuli obieqti iyo
ufro saintereso da mimzidveli turistebisaTvis. amasTan, SemdgomSi
momsaxurebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, vafiqsirebdiT turistebis SeniSvnebsa da
yuradsaReb rCevebs.
turistTa 55% anketirebul iqna i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumSi, 45% -
ufliscixis muzeum nakrZalSi (ix.Ddiagrama 3.2). gamokiTxulTa 72%-s
Seadgendnen ucxoeli turistebi, 28%-s adgilobrivi qarTveli turistebi (ix.
Ddiagrama 3.3)
diagarama #3.2
55%
45%
ganawileba anketirebis adgilis mixedviT
i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumi
ufliscixis muzeum-nakrZali
110
diagrama #3.3
Bbunebrivia, rom gamosakiTxi turistebi asakiT gansxvavdebodnen.
gamokiTxulTagan: 20 wlamde asakis turisti iyo 9%; 20 dan 40 wlamde 45%; 40
dan 65 wlamde 31% da 65 wels zemoT 20%. (ix. diagrama 3.4).
diagrama #3.4
111
regionSi sxvasadxva mizniT Camosuli turistebis procentuli
maCveneblebi ase gadanawilda: 45% - istroiul-kulturuli Zeglebis
monaxuleba; 20% - adgilobrivi kulturis gasacnobad; 15% - regionis
mravalferovani landSaftis gasacnobad da Tvalwarmtaci bunebiT siamovnebis
misaRebad; xolo 7% da 13% qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobis da samzareulos
dagemovnebis mizniT (ix. diagrama 3.5).
diagrama #3.5
vizitis mizani
istoriul-kulturuliZeglebis monaxuleba
adgilobrivi kulturisgacnoba
regionis landSaftisgacnoba da bunebiTsiamovneba
qarTulistumarTmoyvareobisSecnoba
samzareulos dagemovneba
gamokiTxul turistTa 43% gaecno i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeums (nawilma ki
survili gamoTqva); 33%-ma moinaxula ufliscixe; 12%-ma atenis xeoba da 12%-ma
goris cixis mimarT gamoiCina interesi. (ix. diagrama 3.6).
112
diagrama #3.6
diagrama #3.7 – dan naTlad Cans, rom turistebis 69%-s regionSi Camosvla
urCia turistulma kompaniam, rac udaod misasalmebeli faqtia, magram am mxriv
kidev ufro meti Zalisxmevaa saWiro. turistebis 17% megobrebis rCeviT aris
Camosuli. turistebis 10%-ma ki TviTon gamoiCina iniciativa da ganaxorciela
turi.
diagrama #3.7
2-3 dRiT Camovida turistebis 6%, erTi kviriT – 3%, xolo gamokiTxuli
turistebis didi nawili 91% regionSi mxolod erTi dRiT Camovida (ix.
Diagrama 3.8), rac upirvelesad gamowvulia Sesabamisi turistuli marSrutis
113
ararsebobiT da amasTan, miuxedavad turistebis mier gamoTqmuli didi
survilisa, rom miscemodaT ufro xangrZlivi droiT stumrobis saSualeba –
sastumroebSi moTxovnis Sesabamisi doniT momsaxurebis ver uzrunvelyofiT.
diagrama #3.8
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, gamoviyeneT turistebisgan pirdapiri intervius
aRebis meTodic, ramac naTelyo, rom gamokiTxuli turistebis umravlesobas
Ramis gaTeva urCevnia keTilmowyobil adgilobriv sastumroebSi da
adgilobriv kerZo saojaxo sastumroebSi, rac maT miscemda qarTuli
tradiciebis da adgilobrivi stumarTmaspinZlobis ukeT gacnobis saSualebas.
garda amisa, am interviuebiT gairkva, rom maT gaaCniaT didi interesi da
survili Rame bunebaSi, karvebSi, saZile tomrebSi gaaTenon, rac udaod
gasaTvaliswinebelia.
diagrama #3.9-dan Cans, rom: turistebis 31% - ma Ramis gatarebis survili
gamoTqva adgilobrivi sastumros sasargeblod; 42% - ma adgilobriv saojaxo
sastumroebSi; 17% - ma bunebaSi, karvebSi, xolo 10% - s Ramis gatareba urCevnia
TbilisSi, meti komfortis da Sesabamisi maRali donis momsaxurebiT
uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi.
114
diagrama #3.9
im turistebis gamokiTxvam da interviuebma, romlebmac ukve isargebles
sastumros momsaxurebiT gviCvena, rom marTalia isini ZiriTadad kmayofilebi
arian qalaqSi sabanko momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobiT, gansakuTrebiT qarTuli
samzareuloTi – rac udaod misasalmebelia, magram bevri ukmayofilebac
gamoTqves. kerZod, isini ukmayofiloni arian sastumroSi momsaxurebis
xarisxiT, komfortis minimaluri donis arasebobiT (gaTboba, cxeli wyali da
a.S.). momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT, maT garkveuli rCevebic
gamoTqves restornebisa da kafe-barebis menejerebis msamarTiT.
gamokiTxuli turistebis 34% - yuradRebas aqcevs sastumros nomris
mdgomareobas; 39% - momsaxurebis xarisxs; 21% - fass, xolo 6% - kvebas da
sasmelebs.
115
diagrama #3.10
34%
39%
21%
6%
ganTavsebis adgilis SerCevis dros yuradReba eTmoba
sastumros nomrismdgomareoba
momsaxurebis xarisxi
fasi
sakvebiT da sasmeliTmomsaxureba
rac Seexeba goris municipalitetSi kvlevaSi monawile turistebis mier
turistuli infrastruqturis mdgomareobis Sefasebas – aRniSnuli saSualo
maCveneblebis farglebSia. kerZod: gamokiTxuli turistebis 71% 10 qulian
SkalaSi 4 dan 7 qulamde aniWebs (ix. diagrama #3.11). kiTxvarSi arsebul
Txovnaze, CamoeTvalaT 3 mTavari SeniSvna turistuli infrastruqturis
servisze, anketriebulTa umravlesoba aRnisnavs: 1. Aarsebobs enobrivi
barierebi; 2. qalaqSi ar aris ganTavsebuli specialuri dafebi, romlebzec
gamosaxuli unda iyos turistuli obieqtebis mimarTulebis maCveneblebi; 3.
turistuli obieqtebis arealSi ar aris sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebi.
116
diagrama #3.11
miuxedavad regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis momsaxurebis sferoSi
arsebuli naklovanebebisa, anketirebuli turistebis mniSvnelovani nawili 44%
ganmeorebiT apirebs regionSi Camosvlas da im turistuli obieqtebis
monaxulebas, romelTa daTvaliereba da gacnoba maT ver SeZles pirveli
stumrobis dros. amasTan 86% gamokiTxuli turistebisa dabejiTebiT
aRniSnavda, rom aucileblad urCevda Tavis nacnobebs, megobrebs, kolegebs da
sxv. gorSi Camosvlas (ix. diagrama 3.12 da 3.13).
117
diagrama #3.12
diagrama #3.13
anketaSi arsebul kiTxvaze – ris SeZenas isurvebdiT turistuli
obieqtebis daTvalierebis Semdgom – turistebis umravlesoba pasuxobs: rac
SeiZleba meti sainformacio bukletebis arsebobas da xelmisawvdomobas;
bukletebSi ufro mravalferovani informaciis warmoCenas da rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania xelnakeTi suvenirebis SeZenas.
118
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa problemebi, romelic saWiroebs droul
reagirebas. efqtiani moqmedebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi
gegmebis SemuSaveba, rogorc grZelvadian aseve moklevadian dinamikaSi.
turistuli servisebis da infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia yuradReba gamaxvildes Semdeg sakiTxebze:
• rTulia informaciis moZieba turistuli obieqtebis Sesaxeb;
• ar gagvaCnia saTanado sainformacio veb-gverdebi, turistuli
gzamkvlevebi da bukletebi;
• ar gvaqvs SemuSavebuli iseTi turistuli saeqskursio marSrutebi,
romlebic didi xniT darCenis survils gauCens turistebs;
• saojaxo sastumroebis nakleboba;
• sastumroebSi momsaxurebis dabali done;
• momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi kvebis obieqtebze;
• specialuri dafebis, gzamkvlevebis da piqtogramebis ararseboba;
• ucxo enebis flobis dabali done;
• adgilobrivi nawarmis da samaxsovro suvenirebis SeZenis saSualeba;
• turistuli obieqtebis arealSi sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis
ararseboba.
gamokiTxul turistTa 78%-s saerTod araferi smeniaT goris mimdebare
municipalitetebSi (kaspi, qareli, xaSuri) arsebuli mravali istoriuli
Zeglis, RirsSesaniSnaobis da eklesia monastrebis Sesaxeb, magram didi
interesi gamoTqves am obieqtebis monaxulebis sasrgeblod, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
ki winaswar SeZlebdnen sakmarisi informaciis miRebas da eqnebodaT
uzrunvelyofili Rames saTevi da kvebis saSualeba.
Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamokveTili problemebi metnaklebad
damaxasiaTebelia aramarto Sida qarTlis, aramed saqarTvelos sxva
regionebisTvisac, rac iZleva maTi ganzogadebisa da erTiani saxelmwifo
xedvis TvalsawierSi moxvedris SesaZleblobas. yvela zemoT aRniSuli
problema saWiroebs droul reagirebasa da gadawyvetas, ramac unda
uzrunvelyos turistTa moTxovnis Sesabamisi momsaxurebis xarisxis
119
gaumjobeseba da Sedegad, turistuli nakadebis moculobis gazrda. es
ukanaskneli ki sargebels moutans rogorc adgilobriv mosaxleobas, ise
regionis (regionebis) turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofili da momgebiani
saqmianobis saswindari iqneba.
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT kvlevaSi turistebis garda anketirebul da
interviurebul iqna agreTve adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da fokus jgufebi.
gavaanalizeT regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi qarelis, kaspisa da
xaSuris municipalitetebSi maTi Sexedulebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.
RirsSesaniSnaobebiT mravalferovania qarelis (ruisisa da urbnisis,
Zamas xeobis teritoriebi uamravi eklesia monastrebiT da sxv.). xaSuris (daba
surami da qviSxeTi). kaspis (xovle, axalqalaqi, gostibe, rkoni, gariyula) da
sxv. surami zRvis donidan 900-1000 m-ze mdebareobs, samTo klimaturi kurortia,
Warbobs fiWvnar-naZvnari. aq aris bunebrivi gogirdis mineraluri wylebi
(samkurnalo danisnulebi). Lesia ukrainkas saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, XI saukunis
istoriuli Zegli suramis cixe da eklesia. qviSxeTi raionuli centridan
daSorebulia 10 km-iT, samTo klimaturi kurortia wiwovan-naZvnar da Sereuli
tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs dimitri yifianis saxl-muzeumi, mravlada
aris istoriuli Zeglebi, eklesiebi. qviSxeTi mdidaria wyarosa da mineraluri
wylebiT. kaspis municipalitetSi aRsaniSnavia banleologiuri kurorti xovle,
romelic zRvis donidan 780 m-zea. Axalqalaqi zRvis donidan 1040 m-zea, maRali
mTis klimatiT da bunebrivi samkurnalo faqtorebiT. gostibe zRvis donidan
1400 m-ze mdebareobs, romelic gamoirceva samkurnalo haviT, profilaktikuri,
nevrologiuri samedicino profiliT. rkoni zRvis donidan 950 m-ze,
sasrgebloa bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis. gariyula zRvis donidan 470 m-ze,
igi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa asTmiT daavadebulTaTvis. Sida qarTlis
sxvadasxva teritoriebi mdidaria samonadiero – sarewao resursebiT da
Tevzsarewi adgilebiT. bunebrivi pirobebi saSualebas iZleva turizmisaTvis
sasargeblo samonadireo kompleqsebis mosawyobad. aqA SeiZleba myari
safuZveli Caeyaros florisa da faunis dacvas da mis Semdgom mdgrad
ganviTarebas. [35]
120
rogorc aRiniSna, turistebis SefasebasTan erTad gavaanalizeT
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Sexedulebebi turizmis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb
qarelis, kaspisa da xaSuris municipalitetebSi. rogorc danarTi №2 - Sia
warmodgenili, mosaxleobis azris Semswavleli kiTxvari exeba iseT sakiTxebs,
rogoricaa: maTi municipalitetebis CarTvas saeqskursio marSrutebSi; SeZleben
Tu ara RamisTeviT da kvebis mixedviT ramdenime dRiT stumrebis miReba-
ganTavsebas; ewevian Tu raime xalxuri nakeTobebis warmoebas turistebisaTvis
SesaTavazeblad; stumrebisaTvis TavianTi sacxovreblis saojaxo
sastumroebad mosawyobad, vis mimarTaven finansuri uzrunvelyofisaTvis,
dasaxmareblad da bolo kiTxva exeba ojaxis suladobis da masSi
SromisunarianTa raodenobas, romelsac Cveni azriT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT.
pirdapiri intervius meTodiT aRniSnuli sakiTxebis irgvliv SeviswavleT
sul 120 ojaxis azri.
kiTxvaze: isurvebdnen Tu ara maTi municipalitetebis
RirsSesaniSnaobebis CarTvas sxva regionebis saeqskursio marSrutebSi,
dadebiTi pasuxebi ase ganawilda:
• qarelis municipalitetSi - 92%;
• kaspis municipalitetSi - 90%;
• xaSuris municipaliteti - 80%.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom aRniSnul municipalitetebSi arsebuli
RirsSesaniSnaobebis, eklesia-monastrebis, cixeebisa da sxvaTa CarTvas goris,
quTaisis, baTumis, Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos sxva regionebis turistul
marSrutebSi, gazrdis qarTlis regionis turistuli nakadebis moculobas, rac
dadebiTad waadgeba rogorc aRniSnuli municipalitetebis mosaxleobis
Semosavlebs, ise mTlianad regionis biujets.
SekiTxvas, romelic exeba RamisTeviT stumrebis miRebas Tundac 1-3 dRiT,
dadebiTad upasuxa samive municipalitetis gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis 60%-ma,
danarCenma Tavi Seikava. RamisTevasTan erTad, SeZleben Tu ara stumrebis dReSi
orjer mainc kvebas – samive municipalitetis 50%-ma upasuxa dadebiTad, 20%-ma
Tu finansebi eqnebaT im SemTxvevaSi, xolo – 30%-ma uaryofiTad upasuxa. meoTxe
121
SekiTxvaze, eweviან Tu ara adgilobrivi nawarmis turistebisaTvis SeTavazebas
– municipalitetebis mixedviT ase ganawilda:
Qqarelis municipalitetSi:
• diax - 80% arა - 20%
kaspis municipalitetSi:
• diax – 77% ara - 23%
xaSuris municipalitetSi:
• diax - 95% ar vici - 5%
SekiTxvaze saojaxo sastumros mosawyobad finansuri daxmarebisaTvis
vis mimarTaven? pasuxi ase gamoikveTa:
qarelis municipalitetSi:
• adgilobriv municipalitets - 30%
• adgilobriv banks - 50%
• sakuTar biujets - 20%
kaspis municipalitetSi:
• adgilobriv municipalitets – 30%
• adgilobriv banks – 60%
• sakuTar biujets – 10%
rac Seexeba xaSuris municipalitets, aq mosaxleobis azri ase ganawilda:
• adgilobriv municipalitets – 20%
• adgilobriv banks – 70%
• sakuTar biujets – 10%
samive municipalitetebis gamokiTxul ojaxTa suladoba saSualod 4-5
adamianisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan 2-3 Sromisunariania. aqedanGgamomdinare, Tu
aRniSnul municipalitetebSi eqnebaT xelSewyoba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobiTi
organoebidan an bankebidan iafi sesxis misaRebad, gazrdili turistuli
nakadebis uzrunvelsayofad ojaxebi Seecdebian TavianTi sacxovrebeli
adgilebis adaptirebas stumrebisaTvis ise, rom maT hqondeT mowyobili
sanitaruli kvanZi da cxeli wyali. Aაmave dros isini imedovneben, rom
gazrdili turistuli nakadebi cotaTi mainc gaaumjobeseben maTi ojaxebis
122
Semosavlebs da bunebrivia tუristebis zrda, mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels
adgilobrivi xalxuri nakeTobebis maTi mxridan SeZenas da ojaxebis
damatebiTi Semosavlebis zrdas.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Sida qarTlis regionSi turistebis ganTavsebis
saSualebebis naklebobis gamo (sul 11 sastumro, 168 adgiliT), TavisTavad
izrdeba moTxovna saojaxo tipis sastumroebze, Sesabamisad am tipis biznesis
ganviTarebaze. cnobilia, rom saojaxo sastumrobis sawol-adgilebis
raodenobam 2014 wlisaTvis aWaris, samcxe-javaxeTis, imereTis, kaxeTis da
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionebSi Seadgina saqarTvelos mTliani sawol-
adgilebis 18%. maspinZel ojaxebs gauCndaT sagrZnobi Semosavali, Sesabamisad
maT gauCndaT am saqmianobis saojaxo biznesad gadaqcevis interesi. [34]
Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad Sida qarTlis regionSi gamovlinda rigi
problemebisa, romlebic mniSvnelovnad aferxeben saojaxo sastumroebis
biznesis wamowyeba-ganviTarebas (reklamis simcire, mouwesrigebeli
infrastruqtura, iafi kreditis problema, sezonuroba, turistul
saagentoebTan kavSiris arqona, maRali saSemosavlo gadasaxadi da amave dros
ucxo enebis arcodna). amasTan aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Sida qarTlis regionebSi
saojaxo sastumroebi soflis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli
komponentia. saojaxo sastumrod SeiZleba gadakeTdes soflad ukve arsebuli
sacxovrebeli saxlebi, rac ar moiTxovs did investiciebs. mcire danaxarjebi
saWiroa ZiriTadad sanitaruli normebis dasakmayofileblad, saZinebeli
farTis rekonstruqciisaTvis da sanitaruli kvanZebis mosawyobad. garda amisa,
soflad turizmis ganviTareba Seamcirebs umuSevrobas da gazrdis
adgilobrivi xalxuri rewvis produqtis gasaRebis SesaZleblobas.
qveynis turistuli potencialis (kerZod Sida qarTlis) Seswavlis dros
garda im sakiTxisa Tu ramdenad aris qveyanaSi turistuli ganviTarebis done,
mniSvnelovania Sefasebul iqnes TiToeuli regionis turistuli ganviTarebis
zegavlena mTlianad ekonomikuri ganviTarebaze. am mimarTulebiT arsebobs
mravalricxovani kvlevebi (Modelling tourism demand, travel mode choice and destination
loyalty, Vo Van Can, 2013); Fischer, Sahay, Vegh (1996a); Fischer, Sahay, Vegh (1996b); Pushak,
Toingson, Varoudakis (2007); Brunetti, Kisunko, Weder (1997); Havrylyshyn, van Rooden (2000);
123
Raiser, Haerpfer, Nowotny, Wallace (2001) da sxvebi), sadac konkretuli formis
maTematikuri modelebi gamoiyeneba. am miznisTvis Cven gamoviyeneT „probiT“
modeli, rac gulisxmobs damokidebuli cvladis binarulobas (mniSvnelobebiT
0 da 1. 0-Sida qarTli ar mounaxulebia, 1 - mounaxulebia, gasuli Tvis
manZilze). damoukidebeli cvladebad viyenebT: asaks, sqess, eTnikurobas
ganaTlebis dones ojaxur mdgomareobas, Semosavlebs da a.S. aseve, regresiuli
analizi saSualebas iZleva ganvasxvavoT darCenis/ganTavsebis saSualebebi
(sakuTari saxli, naTesavis saxli, sastumro, saojaxo sastumro, a.S.). amsxsenl
cvladebad gamoviyeneT asaki, sqesi, eTnikuroba, ganaTlebis done, ojaxuri
mdgomareoba, Semosavali, regioni, Sida turistuli viziti Ramis TeviT/Ramis
Tevis gareSe.25
modelma saSualeba mogvca dagvedgina romeli cvladia statistikurad
mniSvnelovani da konkretulad ramdeniT zrdis Sida qarTlis monaxulebis
albaTobas esa Tu is maxasiaTebeli sxva Tanabar pirobebSi.
modelSi gamoyenebuli monacemebi:
• mocemul kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia Sida turizmis monacemebi 2014 wlis me-
2 kvartlidan 2015 wlis me-3 kvartlis CaTvliT (sul 6 kvartali)26;
• gamokiTxulia 14 525 Sida vizitori (visac RamisTeviT an eqskursiis
mizniT mounaxulebia saqarTvelos erTi teritora mainc bolo erTi Tvis
manZilze gamokiTxvis momentisTvis)27;
kvlevis Sedegebi:
1. monacemebi Sewonilia da reprezentatulia qveynis masStabiT.
2. kvlevam aCvena, rom Sida turizmis mxolod 6.5% modis Sida
qarTlze.
3. kvlevis meore etapze regresiuli analiziT SevecadeT gamogvevlina
faqtorTa CamonaTvali da aseve, is individualuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic
gavlenas axdenen Sida qarTlis turistuli mizniT monaxulebaze (RamisTeviT,
eqskursiiT). aseve, SviswavleT turistTa mier Sida qarTlSi ganxorcielebuli
25Sida turists SesaZlebelia gamokiTxvis momentidan gasuli Tvis manZilze ganxorcielebuli qondes vizitebi rogorc erT dRiani aseve Ramis TeviT. 26 wyaro: http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo 27 wyaro: http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo
124
vizitis pirobrbSi servisiT dakmayofilebis done (maT mier gamokveTili
Sefasebebis dajamebiT)
modelis Sefaseba - modelis specifikaciis (cvladebis arCevis) etapis
Semdeg moxda agebuli modelis Sefaseba. amisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna programa
(stata) regresiis Sefasebis instrumenti. rogorc regresiis Sefasebidan Cans,
agebuli modeliT SevecadeT Segvefasebina Tu ra faqtorebi axdens gavlenas
Sida qarTlSi mogzaurobaze. cxrilSi mocemulia wrfivi regresiis (OLS)28 aseve
probiT da logiT modelebis koeficientebi. damokidebuli cvladi binarulia,
nuli da erTi mniSvnelobebiT, romelic Sesabamisad gviCvenebs gamokiTxvis
momentSi gasuli erTi Tvis manZilze vizitorTa mier Sida qarTlis
monaxulebis dones.
cxrili: 3.6
amxsneli cvladebi OLS Logit Probit
age_group -0.0174675 -0.2224458* -0.1214917*
gender 0.0193628 0.2527959* 0.1231328*
ethnicityid -0.0183771* -0.2999178* -0.155866*
educationlevelid -0.0019576 -0.0190826* -0.0107741*
maritalstatusid 0.0161468* 0.2280164* 0.1294162*
personalincome -0.0000166 -0.0001758* -0.0000839*
reg_tbilisi -0.0114881 -0.0242347* -0.0119533
reg_adjara -0.1740358* -1.828292* -0.9230484*
reg_imereti -0.1921152* -3.384149* -1.626907*
reg_mtskheta_mtianeti 0.0111777 0.1833495* 0.1408073*
reg_samegrelo_zemo_svaneti -0.1429784* -1.409826* -0.7208148*
28 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) - umcires kvadratTa meTodi
125
reg_samtskhe_javakheti -0.1248239* -1.249952* -0.6654576*
reg_kvemo_kartli -0.0841028 -0.6692102* -0.3946885*
overnightvisits 0.0196426 0.1448428* 0.1059371*
samedayvisits 0.0449482* 0.4175989* 0.2419287*
_cons 0.1328524 -2.043228* -1.238646*
შენიშვნა: სტატისტიკურად მნიშვნელოვანი ცვლადები აღნიშნულია *-ით
wrfivi regresiis mixedviT (OLS) Sida qarTlis monaxulebas mxolod 10%-iT
xsnis mocemuli damoukidebeli cvladebi (R-squared = 0.1028). gamovlinda rom
statistikurad mniSvnelovani cvladebia eTnikuroba, ojaxuri mdgomareoba,
regioni, erTdRiani vizitebis ganxorcieleba. monacemeTa Semdgomi analizi
gviCvenebs, rom eTnikurad osebi Sida vizitebs sxva eTnikur jgufebTan
SedarebiT yvelaze xSirad Sida qarTlSi axorcieleben. gamokiTxul os
mogzaurTa 37% erTxel mainc yofila Sida qarTlSi.
diagrama 14: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli eTnikuri jgufebis mixedviT
ojaxuri statusi mniSvnelovni ganmsazRvreli cvladia Sida qarTlis
monaxulebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxul araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi
126
myofTagan procentulad yvelaze meti mogzaurobs Sida qarTlSi. sxva
ojaxuri statusis mqone Sida turistTa saSualod 6-8% stumrobs Sida
qarTls, xolo araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myof turistebSi es maCvenebeli
17%.
diagrama 15: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli ojaxuri statusis mixedviT
Sida qarTlis monaxulebis albaTobas mniSvnelovnad zrdis regionis faqtori.
yvelaze maRali procentuli maCvenebeli adgilobriv mosaxleobaSia. samcxe-
javaxeTSi gamokiTxul vizitorTa 12.7% stumrobs Sida qarTls, xolo yvelaze
dabali maCvenebeli guriis regionSia.
127
diagrama 16: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli regionebis mixedviT
statistikurad aramniSvnelovani cvladebia asaki, sqesi, ganaTlebisa da
Semosavlebis done. vizitor mamakacTa daaxloebiT 7% stumrobs Sida qarTls,
xolo qalebSi es maCvenebeli 6.4%-s Seadgens, Tumca es ori sidide
statistikurad mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
diagrama 17: Sida qarTlSi viziti genderul WrilSi
asakobriv kategoriebSi Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli umniSvnelod
gansxvavdeba. axalgarzrda da Suaxnis mosaxleobaSi ufro maRalia Sida
qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli. gamokiTxuli 15-30 wlis mosaxleobis 7%
128
stumrobs Sida qarTls, xolo 71 wels gadacilebul vizitorTa mxolod 6%
Cadis Sida qarTlSi.
diagrama 18: Sida qarTlSi vizitis maCvenebeli asakobriv WrilSi
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sida qarTlis regions ar uWiravs
konkretuli niSa Sida turizmis kuTxiT. igi erTnairad mimzidvelia sxvadasxva
asakis, Semosavlebisa da ganaTlebis mqone adamianebisTvis. amis fonze,
logikuria rom adgilobrivi da mozobeli regionebis macxovreblebi
warmoadgenen ZiriTad vizitorebs. modelma kidev erTxel daadastura is
xarisxobrivi mignebebi rasac exeba aRniSnuli sadisertacio naSromi.
129
3.2. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali
Sida qarTls sakmaod soliduri turistuli potenciali gaaCnia. mxareSi
Semaval oTxive municipalitetSi (gori, kaspi, qareli, xaSuri) arsebobs
araerTi bunebriv- kulturul-istoriuli Tu religiuri Rirebulebis mqone
Zegli. aqedan gamomdinare, regionis grZelvadiani ganviTarebisaTvis
turistuli potenciali SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, rogorc misi erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli.
bolo wlebis dinamikis mixedviT Sida qarTlis regionSi turistebisa da
vizitorebis nakadebi sagrZnobladaa gazrdili, rac dadebiT tendenciad unda
CaiTvalos.29 Tumca, aRsaniSnavia rom turistuli obieqtebis
damTvalierebelTa didi nawili vizitorebi arian da ara turistebi, rasac
Tavis mizezebi gaaCnia (erTdRiani vizitorebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebisa da
sawolebis mcire raodenoba da sxv.) aRsaniSnavia, rom turistebisa da
vizitorebis raodenobis matebis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa Soris pirvel
rigSi saWiroa:
• regionul doneze infrastruqturis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi;
• zogadad qveyanaSi mosalodneli safrTxeebis prevencia;
• qveynis turistuli potencialis popularizaciis mizniT specialuri
siuJetebi saqarTveloze msoflios wamyvan telekompaniebSi;
• kargad ganviTarebuli agraruli seqtori da sxv.
bunebrivia, Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
soflis meurneobas ganmsazRvreli adgili uWiravs. aRsaniSnavia, rom amJamad
mcire saojaxo meurneobebSi daaxloebiT regionis mTliani mosaxleobis 80%–
ia (254 000 kaci) dasaqmebuli.30
diagramebSi 2.1 da 2.2 -Si naCvenebia, rom 2013 – 2014 ww gamokveTili
tempiT iwarmoeba soflis meurneobis produqtebi, viTardeba sasoflo –
sameurneo naTesi farTobebi. bostneulis naTesebma 5.4 atas heqtars miaRwia.
ganviTarda memcenareoba, mexileoba. upiratesad iwarmoeba vaSli 67,2 atasi
29http://www.gnta.ge/upload/file/2010_%E1%83%AC.pdf 30Irakli Merkvilishvili,Agriculture development in Shida Kartli, June2011.
130
tona (2014 wlis monacemebiT). am periodSi gaizarda mecxoveleobis
produqtebis warmoebis maCveneblebi, rac ganTavsebis saojaxo tipis
sastumroebis qselis gazrdasTan erTad, aviTarebs regionis ekonomikas, zrdis
dasaqmebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aqtivobas turizmis sferoSi, maT
Semosavlebs, iwvevs sezonuri migraciis klebas da ganapirobebs turizmis
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis stimulirebas [77].
sasoflo sameurneo kulturebis naTesi farTobebi Sida qarTlis
regionSi (1000ha) diagrama 2.1.
wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
mocemul periodSi xilis warmoebis maCveneblebs Soris didi upiratesobiT
iwarmoeba vaSli. rac Seexeba atmis warmoebas, am bolo periodSi Sida
qarTlSi SeiniSneba misi klebis tendencia.
131
diagrama 3.13 xilis warmoeba 1000 tona
wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
Sida qarTlis regionis soflis meurneobaSi met-naklebad miRweuli
warmatebebis miuxedavad, unda SevexoT soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis
Semaferxebel iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa: [29]
• sasoflo-sameurneo kreditebze maRali saprocento ganakveTebis
arseboba;
• soflis meurneobaSi sadazRvevo sistemis ganuviTarebloba;
• sarwyavi sistemis gaumarTaoba;
• nakveTebTan misasvleli Sida gzebis mouwesrigebloba;
• adgilobriv fermerebis mxridan axali teqnologiebisadmi garkveuli
undobloba, rac xels uSlis axali jiSebis danergvas;
• xarisxiani saTesle masalebisa da Sxam - qimikatebis xelmiuwvdomeloba;
• Sida qarTlis regionSi soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamamuSavebeli
mrewvelobis ganuviTarebloba, maT Soris xilis Ciris masStaburi
warmoeba, romelzec didi moTxovnilebaa dasavleTis qveynebSi;
• adgilobrivi fermerebisaTvis municipalur doneze sasoflo-sameurneo
sferoSi arsebul statistikuri monacemebis xelmiuwvdomloba;
• Zalze mwiria mcire fermerTa (kooperirebis) gaerTianebebis praqtika;
132
• ar xdeba sasoflo-sameurneo niadagebis mudmivi Seswavla-analizi. [25]
specialuri ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens regionis sagzao
infrastruqtura. rac Seexeba saxelmwifoebriv gzebs, romelic Sida qarTlis
teritoriaze gadis sakmaod mowesrigebulia, xolo municipaluri gzebi oTxive
raionSi aucileblad da droulad misaxedia, rameTu municipalitetis
teritoriaze sxvadasxva soflebSia gabneuli unikaluri, Cvenamde SemorCenili
sxvadasxva drois uamravi kulturuli memkvidreobis Zegli. teritoria
mdidaria lamazi bunebrivi da arqiteqtoruli landSaftebiT, mTebiT,
mdinareebiT, tbebiT da sxva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Sida qarTlis regions turizmis ganviTarebis didi
perspeqtiva gaaCnia, arsebuli potencialis mxolod mcire nawilia aTvisebuli,
danarCeni ki auTvisebeli da gamouyenebelia. mosaswesrigebelia turistuli
infrasturqturis ZeglebTan misasvleli gzebi, gzebze rukebis da abrebis
ganTavseba, kulturul-mosasvenebeli da kvebis obieqtebis gzamkvlevebi da a.S.
rac arTulebs am teritoriebis gamoyenebas turistuli daniSnulebiT.
uaRresad mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis sakiTxi.
am problemis gadawyveta sruliad SesaZlebelia saxelmwifoebrivi midgomiT.
nabij-nabij, ganuwyveteli tempiT unda xdebodes municipalitetebis winaSe
mdgari, turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis ganmapirobebli yvela
naklovani mxaris gamosworeba, grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvliT bunebriv da
kulturul landSaftebTan, kulturis ZeglebTan, taZrebtan, arqiteqtorul
kompleqsebTan da a.S. [24] misasvleli gzebis ekologiurad mdgradi qselis
proeqtis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba. sastumroebis, saojaxo sastumroebis,
maTSorisi damakavSirebeli gzebis, ganTavsebis saSualebebSi Sesabamisi
komfortuli pirobebis SeqmnisaTvis, kvebis obieqtebis xarisxiani sakvebiT
momaragebis, dasvenebis adgilebis kulturuli keTilmowyobis, xelnakeTi
nivTebis tradiciis efeqturi aRorZinebisaTvis ganuwyveteli Tavdauzogavi
mizanmimarTuli muSaoba. am sakiTxebis gadawyveta unda xdebodes kompleqsuri,
perspeqtivaSi erTiani xedvis WrilSi. am samuSaoebis dros aucileblad unda
xorcieldebodes miwis, haeris, wylis, floris, faunis kadastris cvlis
133
monitoring. garemoze zemoqmedebis ASefaseba, raTa grZelvadian periodSi Tavi
ar iCinos gauTvaliswinebelma Cavardnebma, Seferxebebma. unda xdebodes
turistuli infrastruqturis marketinguli daniSnulebis samsaxurebis yvela
niuansis swori Sefaseba da momgebiani moTxovna-miwodebis uzrunvelyofa.
yovelive es TavisTavad iZleva adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis
saSualebas. amave dros, saojaxo sastumroebis raodenobis zrda, turistuli
centrebis Seqmna, kvebisa da dasvenebis obieqtebis srulyofa, axali
marSrutebisa da biznes ideebis SemoTavazeba (mosaxleobis aqtiuri
CarTulobiT) iqneba regionSi Semosavlebis, mosaxleobis dasaqmebis,
turistuli nakadebis samomavlo zrdis da saerTod regionis maRali
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindari. [29]
Cvens mier Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, rom gorsa da qarelis
raionebSi xalxuri rewva praqtikulad ar aris ganviTarebuli. am mxriv
ukeTesi mdgomareobaa xaSuris da kaspis municipalitetebSi, sadac warmoebuli
ZiriTadi produqcia iyideba saavtomobilo gzebis gaswvriv.
Sida qarTlis regionis Zlieri da susti mxareebis, agreTve
SesaZleblobebisa da safrTxeebis warmosaCenad gamoviyeneT SWOT analizis
meTodi, romelmac dagvanaxa, rom miuxedavad regionis didi turistuli
potencialisa, jer kidev ar xdeba am potencialis sruli gamoyeneba.
S – Zlieri mxareebi W - susti mxareebi
• mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;
• mravalferovani landSafti da
ekosistemebis nairsaxeoba;
• tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis
kerebis arseboba;
• Sida qarTlis ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;
• Sida qarTlis municipalitetebSi kerZo
turistuli saagentoebis ararseboba;
• koordinaciis dabali xarisxi dedaqalaqSi moqmed
turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlis
municipalitetebSi arsebuli turistuli
obieqtebs Soris;
• turistuli obieqtebis mimdebare teritoriebis
dasufTavebis sakiTxi;
• municipalitetis satransporto periferiuli
gzebis mouwesrigebloba;
• saniSne dafebis da quCebis niSandebis
saerTaSoriso enaze ararseboba;
134
• transportis ganrigis saerTaSoriso enaze
ar arseboba;
• momsaxurebis obieqtebSi enobrivi barieris
arseboba;
• gasarTobi adgilebisa da obieqtebis simcire;
• ganTavsebis saSualebebis nakleboba.
O - SesaZleblobebi T - safrTxeebi
• auTvisebeli turistuli
daniSnulebis adgilebi;
• Sida qarTlis ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;
• turistuli nakadebis zrdis
maCvenebeli;
• Sida qarTlis teritoriaze
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
aqtivoba.
• regionSi arsebuli arastabiluri politikuri
viTareba;
• investiciebis arastabiluroba;
• rusuli agresiis mosalodneli safrTxe.
cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos yvela regioni gamoirCeva Tavisi unikaluri
gansakuTrebulobiT, damaxasiaTebeli floriT, fauniT, havis TaviseburebebiT,
mravalferovani bunebrivi, kulturuli da arqiteqtoruli landSaftebiT,
istoriul – kulturuli ZeglebiT, koSkebiT, taZrebiT, monastrebiT,
nakrZalebiT, CanCqerebiT, mdinareebiT, tbebiT, samkurnalo daniSnulebis
mineraluri wylebiT da samkurnalo talaxebiT, karstuli mRvimeebiT da sxv.
miuxedavad amisa, dResac ar aris mravali maRgani CarTuli turistul
marSrutebSi, an Tundac erTi regionis turistuli daniSnulebis obieqti ar
aris CarTuli sxva regionis turistuli marSrutis sqemaSi.
magalisTisaTvis SegviZlia SemogTavazoT Sida qarTlis uaRresad
mimzidveli turistuli daniSnulebis mqone obieqtebi, romelTagan nebismieri
maTganis CarTva saqarTvelos sxva, nebismieri regionis turistul marSrutSi
efeqturad gazrdida turistebis dainteresebas, rameTu maT miecemaT
unikaluri saSualeba gaecnon saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebs Soris
135
mravali parametrebis mixedviT arsebul, rogorc mkveTr gansaxvavebulobas,
ise maTi erTianobis maxasiaTeblebs.
qalaq goris teritoriaze mdebareobs gviandeli feodaluri xanis,
natexi qviT nagebi erekles abano, romlis konstruqciis nawilebi: kedlebis
kuTxeebi, Seisruli TaRebi, naxevarsferuli gumbaTebi da sasinaTlo xvrelebi
aguriT nawyobi. abano Sedgeba ori saTavsosgan, romelTac samxreTidan cal-
calke Sesasvlelebi gaaCnia. abanos aRmosavleT kedelSi mogvianebiT kidev
erTi kari gauWriaT. saTavsebi gadaxurulia Seisrul TaRebze damyarebuli
gumbaTiT. aRmosavleT saTavsis gumbaTSi gaWrilia Svidi wriuli xvreli,
xolo dasavleTSi oTxi. saTavsebs yofs 1 metri simaRlis gadamRobi kedeli,
romelSic gaWrilia ori TaRovani da erTi sworkuTxa xvreli. msgavsi
xvrelebia aRmosavleT saTavsis kedelSic. [35]
goris municipalitetSi turistebma SeiZleba moinaxulon i. gogebaSvilis
saxl-muzeumi (sof. variani); n. lomouris saxl-muzeumi (sof. Zevera); s.
makalaTias istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi; amilaxvrebisa da maCablebis
yofili sasaxleebi (XIX s.); goris da Sindisis cixeebi; veres, aCabeTis da
severis cixeebi; kulturis da dasvenebis parkebi; g. erisTavis saxelobis
dramatuli Teatri da sxv.
amave municipalitetSi aris Semdegi RirsSesaniSnaobebi: CanCqeri
(Txilnaris xeobaSi, sofel biisTan); 60 metriani CanCqeri atenis xeobidan
meSvide kilometrze, romelic 4 Tvis manZilze gayinulia da saukeTeso
saSualebaa regionSi alpinizmis ganviTarebisaTvis; Tbili wylebi – atenidan
meTeqvsmete kilometrze, biisSi 1000 metris simaRleze, romelic samkurnalo
turizmis ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa; “jamjama” – ulamazesi mwvervali
atenidan 30 kilometris daSorebiT, 2200 metr simaRleze, romelic agreTve
saukeTeso saSualebaa alpinizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. [35]
goris municipalitetis teritoriaze asocze meti antikuri, brinjaos
xanis, adreuli da gviani Sua saukuneebis periodis taZrebi, cixeebi, cixeTa
koSkebi, galavnebis naSTebi da sxv. aris SemorCenili.
136
verescixe, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia,
mdebareobs mdinare veres xeobaSi. ansablis centrSi VII saukunis samnaviani
bazilikaa aRmarTuli. aqvs Sesasvlelebi sami mxridan. bazilikis navebi
gamoyofilia svetebis ori wyviliT. SeiniSneba XI saukunis droindeli
kapitaluri SekeTebis kvali, gansakuTrebiT fasadebze. monastris qvemoT,
kldovan qedze IX – X saukunis cixis nangrevebia. cixe nagebia riyis qviT,
nageboba dazianebulia. Ferdobebze 4 - 5 metris simaRleze semorCenilia
kldeebi. cixis aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi mxareebi mTavrdeba sxvadasxva
zomisa da formis mqone koSkebiT. aRmosavleTis koSkidan gadarCenilia
mxolod konturi. cixis ezoSi didi wyalsacavia. cixe strategiuli
mniSvnelobisaa, saidanac mosCans atenis xeoba da gori misi midamoebiT. veres
cixe da misi mimdebare teritoriebi Sedioda Tbilisis saamiroSi da atenis
cixesTan erTad monawileobda qarTlis SemoerTebissaTvis warmoebul
brZolaSi. [35]
veres cixeze misasvleli gza sofeli atenidan iwyeba da miuyveba veres
xevs, amitom Zeglamde avtomobiliT misvla SeuZlebelia (mxolod maRali
gamavlobis avtomobiliT aris SesaZlebeli), Sesabamisad Zeglamde misvla
Cveulebriv fexiT an cxeniT xorcieldeba.
sayovelTaod cnobilia turizmis efeqturi ganviTarebisaTvis sastumro
industriis srulyofis mniSvneloba. sastumro undustrias Seadgens
koleqtiuri da individualuri ganTavsebis sxvadasxva saSualebebi:
turistuli banakebi, sastumroebi, motelebi, saojaxo sastumroebi da sxv.
goris municipalitetSi sastumroebis mxriv sruliad arasaxarbielo
mdgomareobaa. gorSi arsebobs mxolod sami koleqtiuri ganTavsebis sastumro:
“viqtoria”, “gori”, “inturisti” da ori kerZo saojaxo sastumro. Aam
sastumroebSi erToblivad mxolod 72 adamianis miRebaa SesaZlebeli:
• sastumro viqtoria – 16 nomeri, 32 adamiani;
• sastumro gori – 8 nomeri da 1 luqsi, 20 adamiani;
• sastumro inturisti - 8 nomeri da 1 luqsi, 20 adamiani;
137
amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom CamoTvlil sastumroTagan verc erTi ver
sTavazobs stumrebs xarisxian momsaxurebas. sastumroebs “viqtorias” da
“gors” gaaCniaT gaTbobisa da kondicirebis mowesrigebuli sistemebi,
sakonferencio darbazi, kafe – bari da uzrunvelyofs mxolod sauzmiT.
Sastumro “inturistSi” mxolod luqsis tipis nomeria uzrunvelyofili
cxeli wyliT.
turizmSi kvebis sakiTxs erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi roli aqvs. kvebis
specifika, erovnuli samzareulo adgilobrivi kulturis da
stumrTmaspinZlobis Semecnebis mniSvnelovani elementia. Cveulebrivi da
aucilebeli moTxovnebis garda kveba ganixileba, rogorc garTobis da
adgilobrivi tradiciis gacnobis saSualeba. goris municipalitetis
sazogadoebrivi kvebis Sistema moicavs: restornebs, barebs, kafeebs,
sasadiloebs da swrafi kvebis sxva dawesebulebebs. am mxriv gorSi
damakmayofilebeli mdgomareobaa, radgan arsebul sxvdasxva tipis kvebis
obieqtebSi, restornebSi, ludis barebSi da sxv. SesaZlebelia qarTuli
mravalferovani tradiciuli kerZebis da adgilobrivi sasmelebis dagemovneba.
Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom zogierT obieqtze momsaxurebis done ver
akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs, risTvisac unda tardebodes
Tanamsromlebis saTanado treningebi; maTi CacmulobisaTvis unda SemuSavdes
specialuri formebi; yuradreba unda miqces kerZebis gaformebis
meTodologias.
udides interess iwvevs turistebSi goris municipalitetSi arsebuli
mravali istoriuli da kulturuli Zegli, koSkebi, taZrebi, qviT nagebi cixe –
koSkebi, cixe – simagreebi, mTebsa da soflebSi uxvadaa warmodgenili
nasoflarebi. oficialuri monacemebiT (kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis
saministro) am regionSi kulturuli memkvidreobis 136 Zeglia, romelTagan 53
uSualod gorSi mdebareobs. [35]
goridan sami kilometris manZilze, mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze, mTaze
SemorCenilia XVII saukuneSi nagebi gorijvris arqiteqtorul – istoriuli
Zegli galavniT. dRemde Seuswavlelia am nagebobis ori sarTuli, Tumca
aRsaniSnavia Zeglze damontaJebuli dekoratiuli ganaTeba, rac FRamiT
138
qalaqidan sesaniSnav vizualur efeqts qmnis. centraluri gzidan ZeglTan
mimsasvleli kilometrnaxevriani gzis monakveTi Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia
da saWiroebs saswrafo reabilitacias. agreTve keTilmouwyobelia Zeglis
mimdebare teritoriac. ZeglTan axlos mdebare egredwodebuli samsxverplos
teritoria dabinZurebulia. qarTuli tradiciis Tanaxmad adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesias swiravs msxverpls, ris Semdeg
ar xdeba dasufTaveba, rac antisanitarias ganapirobebs. mosaxleobas am mxriv
meti kultura moeTxoveba, xolo municipalitetma jerovani yuradReba unda
gamoiCinos aRniSnul teritoriaze dasufTavebis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod
daawesos da mkacrad gaataros kanoniT dawesebuli (da Tu ar arsebobs aseTi
kanoni winadadebiT Sevides parlamentSi yvela SesaZlo sanqciis Sesabamisi
kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyofas) sanqciebis, akrZalvebis, jarimebis da a.S.
efeqturi qmedeba. [35]
turistuli daniSnulebis am regionSi gamoirCeva kurorti “gorijvari”.
aRiarebulia am kurortis unikaluri samkurnalo mineraluri – saabazane
wylebi, romliTac mkurnaloben: [35]
• qronikul arTritebs (infeqciuri, revmatiuli, tramvuli da endokrinili
warmoSobis);
• periferiuli nervuli sistemis daavadebebs (nevritebi, nevralgiebi,
radikulitebi da sxv.);
• nervuli sistemis funqciur daavadebebs;
• trombloflebitebs;
• angionevrozebs;
• hipertonuli daavadebis I stadias;
• kardiosklerozebs;
• msubuqi warmoSobis spondiloznebs;
• saSvilosnos da misi danamatebis qronikul anTebad process.
samwuxaroa da dauSvebelia, rom aseTi unikaluri kurorti dRes
ufunqciod aris darCenili.
139
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze kldeSi nakveTi
sami umniSvnelovanesi da umSvenieresi didi Zeglia daculi: ufliscixe, varZia
da gareji. antikurobiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva unikaluri ufliscixe,
arqeologiuri gaTxrebi momwmobs, rom ufliscixe, rogorc kldeSi nakveTi
samosaxlo, 2000 wliT ufro adre warmoiqmna vidre varZia da 1500 wliT adre
vidre gareji. [35]
Tavisi ubadlo arqiteqturuli brwyinvalebiT gamorCeuli ufliscixe
daufarav aRtacebas iwvevs da xiblavs mnaxvelebs. ufliscixe goridan
meTormete kilometrze, mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs,
kvernakis qedis samxreT ferdobze, advilad dasamuSavebel qviSaqvis masivSi,
ukavia 95 ha farTobi. ufliscixe Sedgeba sami ubnisagan da Seicavs Zv.
aRmosavleTis qveynebisa da antikuri xanis Sida qalaqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
mTel rig komponentebs: ramdenime Sesasvles, zRudes, Txrilebs, gvirabs,
wyalsadens da wyalsawretebis arxebis mniSvnelovan qsels. sruliad naTlad
ikveTeba, rom ufliscixe uZvelesi drois xelosnuri warmoebis mniSvnelovani
centri unda yofiliyo, rom aq ganviTarebuli iyo mevenaxeoba, memindvreoba,
mecxoveleobda da meurneobis sxva dargebi. yovelive amas mowmobs
arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT gamovlenili masalebi, rogoricaa agraruli
kultebis salocavi, ritualuri daniSnulebis nivTebi, oqros, vercxlis,
rkinis, qvis, Zvlis, Tixisgan naketebi mravalferovani, mxatvruli sinatifis
mqone samkaulebi; gamovlinda kldeSi nakveTi sawnaxelebi, vazis sasxlavi
danebi, rkinis saxnisi da sxv. [35]
ufliscxis CrdiloeTiT, Svidasi - rvaasi metris daSorebiT, amayad
wamoWimula kldekari (aTi metri simaRlis da sami-oTxi metriT siganeSi). igi
Cv. w. aRricxvamde VI – V saukuneebSia gamokveTili da kavkasiis uZveles
Zeglebs Soris, erT-erTi uZvelesi Zeglia. kldekari Savi zRvis auzis
qveynebTan damakavSirebeli didi savaWro – satranzito gzis monakveTia.
qalaqis SedarebiT SemaRlebul adgilze dgas aguriT naSeni IX – X s.
samnaviani bazilika. [35]
ufliscixis mimarTulebiT, garda muzeum – nakrZalisa, turistuli
marSrutebis popularizaciisaTvis Semdegi mimzidveli da mniSvnelovani
140
istoriul – kulturuli obieqtebia: avkeTi (qvaxvreli); bambebis namosaxlari;
kilaanT eklesia; kldis wyaros namosaxlari; kldis farexi; RvTismSoblis
eklesia; yaTlanis xevis namosaxlari da sxv. amrigad, ufliscixe da mis
mimdebare teritoriebze arsebuli, perspeqtiulad turistuli daniSnulebis
obieqtebi regionSi turizmis infrastruqturis gafarToebis da maRal doneze
ganviTarebis uaRresad mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, xolo TviT ufliscixe
saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia. [
35]
goris cixe pirvelad istoriul wyaroebSi VII-e saukuneebSi moixsenieba.
goris cixis adgilas, Zv. w. aRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis bolo
saukuneebSi, Zlieri cixe-simagre yofila, romlis garSemo mosaxleoba
cxovrobda. goris cixe dgas qalaqis centrSi, kldovan borcvze. goris cixe
erT-erTi uZlieresi da kargi konstruqciis arqiteqturuli Zeglia mTeli
saqarTvelos masStabiT. goris cixis mniSvnelovani nawili ganviTarebul
feodalur xanas ganekuTvneba, nawili ki – XVII saukunus Sua xanebs. goric
cixe ganlagebulia zeda platoze mdebare – ovaluri citadelis saxiT da
dasavleT ferdobze cxrakaris saxiT. citadelis aRmosavleT monakveTebSi XI
– XII saukunis droindeli mcire eklesiis nangrevebia. uaRresad didi iyo
goris cixis, rogorc strategiuli daniSnulebis mqone nagebobis mniSvneloba,
rameTu misi daufleba niSnavda batonobas mTels Sida qarTlze. [35]
sanaqebod unda aRiniSnos, rom cixseTan misasvleli gza
mosafaltebulia da karg mdgomareobaSia. amasTan, 2007 wels daigo fexiT
asavleli daniSnulebis qvafenili, rac udaod win gadadgmuli nabijia, Tumca
did naklad CaiTvleba Zeglis mimdebare teritoriaze, specialuri, turizmis
Semdgom ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyofi aucilebeli (kafe-barebi, dasavnebeli
adgili, suvenirebis, turistuli daniSnulebis jixurebis, improvizirebuli
sanaxaobebisaTvis) aucilebeli Sesabamisi obieqtebis ararseboba. goris cixis
mimdebare teritoriaze mouwesrigebelia Zveli qalaqis amsaxveli iersaxe da
sxv.
rac Seexeba atenis sions, is goridan 12 kilometris manZilzea. Zeglamde
misasvleli gza moasfaltebulia, gzaze dadgmulia Zeglis mimarTulebis
141
sagzao niSnebi. goridan Zeglamde moZraobs sazogadoebrivi transporti,
rogorc gori atenis, aseve gori boSuris mimarTulebiT. aqac gvaqvs nakolvani
mxare – gzaze ar aris ganaTebis sistema, rac municipalitetis da turizmis
erovnuli administraciis (garkveul SemTxvevebSi) arasakmarisad
koordinirebul urTierTobaze miuTiTebs. atenis xeoba gansakuTrebiT
mimzidvelia ekoturizmisa da kulturuli turizmis moyvarulTaTvis. am
xeobaSi 76 istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglila. ulamazesi bineba, SesaniSnavi
xedebi da gansakuTrebiT gogirdovani wylebi ufro mimzidvels xdis atenis
xeobas. sionis taZridan 5 kilometris manZilze mdebareobs sofeli biisi,
romelic ganTqmulia samkurnalo daniSnulebis gogirdovani wylebiT. udavoa,
rom aseTi adgilis reklamireba, keTilmowyoba da turistebis informaciiT
uzrunvelyofa xels Seuwyobs xeobaSi momgebiani samkurnalo turizmis
ganviTarebas. Sida qarTlis teritoriebi sakmaod mdidaria samonadireo –
sarewao resursebiT, Tevzsarewi adgilebiT, romelTa aTviseba turistuli
daniSnulebiT metad aqtualuria. [35]
qarelis municipalitetis teritoriaze bunebis Zeglebidan aRsaniSnavia
ramdenime tba, maTgan: bateTis bunebrivi tba, oqrosoflis da bebnisis
xelovnuri tbebi. bunebis Zeglebidan aRsaniSnavia aseve karstuli mRvime,
abuxalos da Trexvis gamoqvabulebi. abuxalosTan aris 25m. simaRlis CanCqeri,
romelic ulamazesi da saintereso Zeglia. [35]
turistuli mizniT gamoiyeneba mdinare Zamas ulamazesi xeoba, aseve
უZvelესი istoriuli soflebis ruisisa da urbnisis teritoriebi uamravi
eklesia – monastrebiT. sainteresoa aseve turistuli potencialis mxriv
xvedurelas xeoba ganumeorebeli landSaftebiT. qarelis mxareTmcodneobis
muzeumSi daculia 1720 istoriuli eqsponanti. Qქarelis municipalitetSi,
gorTan SedarebiT, ufro meti eklesia-monastrebia (131), maTgan 34 mamaTa da 10
dedaTa monasteria. [35]
eklesiebidan aRsaniSnavia RvTismSoblis saxelobis 13 eklesia, ruisis
kviracxovlobis eklesia, kexijvris wm. samebis eklesia, qarelis yovlawminda
samebis sakaTedro taZari, urbnisis sakaTedro taZari da wminda ninos eklesia,
qarelis samebis sakaTedro taZari da mravali sxva. danarTebSi #3 da #4
142
warmodgenilia kaspisa da xaSuris municipalitetis RirsSesaniSnaobebi,
rogorc adamianebis, ise bunebis mier Seqmnili Zeglebi. Sida qarTlis
teritoriaze, kerZod xaSuris municipalitetis teritoriaze aris mineraluri
wylebiT mdidari cnobili kurortebi daba surაmi da qviSxeTi. [35]
daba surami – klimaturi tipis kurorti sulfiduri mineraluri
wylebiT, mdebareobs lixis qedis samxreT kalTebze, q. xaSuris Crdilo
dasavleTiT 4 km-ze, ori mniSvnelovani gzis gasayarze, zRvis donidan 900-1000
metrze. is, sarkinigzo xaziT, dakavSirebulia xaSurTan. surami samTo-
klimaturi kurortia. daba suramSi moedineba md. suramula, romelic saTaves
iRebs lixis qedis aRmosavleTiT. gavrcelebulia fiWvnar-naZvnari sartyeli.
1948 wels surami gamocxadda respublikuri mniSvnelobis kurortad. igi
gamoirCeva samkurnalo mineraluri wylebis arsebobiT. kerZod, samkurnalod
gamoiyeneba bunebrivi gogirdis mineraluri wylebi. aq aris lesia ukrainkas
saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, me-11 saukunis istoriuli Zegli suramis cixe da
eklesia; qviSxeTi – klimato-balneologiuri kurorti sulfiduri wylis
tipiT. mdebareobs lixis qedis aRmosavleT kalTaze, zRvis donidan 730
metrze, raionis centridan daSorebulia 10 km-iT. igi samTo klimaturi
kurortia, mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, Sefenilia lixis qedze.
igi mTlianad moqceulia wiwvovan-naZvnar da Sereuli tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTi
odiTganve cnobilia sakurorto zonad. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs dimitri yifianis
saxl-muzeumi. mravlad aris istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, eklesiebi.
aqauri klimati gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa mozardebisaTvis. mdidaria wyarosa
da mineraluri wylebiT. [35]
kaspis municipalitetis teritoriaze 30-mde mniSvnelovani istoriuli da
kulturuli obieqti mdebareobs, rac turistebisTvis mniSvnelovani interesis
wyaroa. esenia: xovle – balneologiuri kurorti arTrologiuri samedicino
profiliT, sulfiduri mineraluri wylis tipi. mdebareobs zRvis donidan 780
metrze. bunebrivi mniSvnelobis samkurnalo saSualebaa gogirdovani wyali.
gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi funqcionirebda gogirdovani wylebis
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis balneologiuri kurorti. Sezonuri kurortia 1
Tvis ganmavlobaSi. axalqalaqi _ mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1040 metrze.
143
bunebrivi samkurnalo faqtoria maRali mTis klimati. gostibe –
profilaqtikuri, pulminologiuri, nevrologiuri samedicino profiliT.
mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1400 metrze. mTis kurortze mkurnalobis ZiriTadi
saSualebaa samkurnalo Tvisebebis mqone hava. rkoni _ zRvis donidan
mdebareobs 950 metris simaRleze, maRali haeris gamo sasargebloa bavSvebisa
da mozardebisaTvis, amitom aq funqcionirebda s/s `kaspieleqtroaparatis~
dasasvenebeli saxli xis kotejebiT, romelic iyo keTilmowyobili. droTa
ganmavlobaSi kotejebi dazianda da saWiroebs SekeTebas, igi isev s/s
`kaspieleqtroaparatis~ gankargulebaSia. gariyula _ zRvis donidan
mdebareobs 470 metris simaRleze, igi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa asTmiT
daavadebulTaTvis. [35]
garda zemoTaRniSnulisa, Sida qarTlis sxvadasva teritoriebi
mdidaria aseve samonadireo-sarewao resursebiT, xolo mdinareebTan axlos
wylis resursebTan erTad Tevzsarewi adgilebi. md. TeZmis xeobaSi samoWalo
– rkonis xeobaSi arsebobs samonadireo saxli; kavTuris xeoba, gostibis mTa
da municipalitetis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva adgilebi samonadireo
turizmisaTvis sasargeblo kompleqsis mowyobis saSualebas iZleva. amasTan,
samonadireo meurneobis Seqmna mxaris florisa da faunis dacvisa da mis
Semdgomi mdgradi ganviTarebis safuZveli iqneba. aseTia Sida qarTlis
kulturuli obieqtebis damaxasiaTebeli Zlieri mxareebi.
ra xelis SemSleli faqtorebi arsebobs Sida qarTlis regionSi
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis? es faqtorebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad
CamovayaliboT:
• regionis teritoriaze savalalo mdgomareobaa dasufTavebis,
sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis TvalsazrisiT;
• regioni ganicdis garTobisa da dasvenebis obieqtebis deficits;
• mosawesrigebelia turistuli daniSnulebis obieqtebis arealSi
sapirfareSoebiT uzrunvelyofa;
• aucilebelia regionSi hospitaluri seqtoris mowesrigeba;
144
• regionSi gamonaklisebis garda mouwesrigebelia Sida gzebi, rac
Tavis mxriv aferxebs turistebis gadaadgilebas turistuli
daniSnulebis obieqtebTan;
• regionSi naklebad damakmayofilebelia momsaxurebis sferos
saqmianoba;
• regionis vaWrobis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri
anazRaureba Zalian dabalia da klebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba
(daaxloebiT 200 lari); [28]
• bunebrivi resursebiT mdidar regionSi ar xdeba resursebis sworad
gamoyeneba, maTi saprivatizacio obieqtebis nusxaSi CarTva;
• regionSi turizmis sferoSi ar arian sakmarisi kompetenturi kadrebi,
risTvisac aucilebelia Seiqmnas Tanamedrove saswavlo programebi da
adgilobriv akademiur personalTan erTad saWiroa Sesabamisi sferos
ucxoeli eqspertebis mowveva da sxv.;
• regionis umaRles saswavleblebSi aucilebelia swavlebis xarisxis
gaumjobeseba sasoflo-sameurneo da turizmis mimarTulebiT;
• Sida qarTlis regionis arc erT municipalitetSi ar arsebobs
sakempinge adgilebi, sadac turistebi SeZlebdnen ramdenime dRiT
ganTavsebas;
• minimaluri standartebiT da momsaxurebis dabali xarisxisT
xasiaTdeba Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebuli sastumroebi da e.w.
“gesThauzebi”;
• aucileblad unda aRiniSnos uaRresad mniSvnelovani faqti, rom Sida
qarTlis municipalitetebSi ar funqcionirebs arcerTi turistuli
saagento. mogzaurobis koordinacias uzrunvelyofs TbilisSi moqmedi
turistuli saagentoebi, amis gamo ver xdeba Sida qarTlSi arsebuli
obieqtebis srulfasovnad da jerovnad aTviseba da Sesabamisad,
turistuli daniSnulebis axali obieqtebis CarTva sasurvel
turistul marSrutebSi;
• savalalod dabalia koordinaciis xarisxi TbilisSi moqmed
turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebuli
145
turustuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris, ris Sedegadac
turistTa nakadebi stumroben mxolod calkeul turistul obieqtebs
da ver xerxdeba regionis turistuli potencialis srulfasovnad
gamoyeneba. amitom aucilebelia aqtiurad amoqmeddes
saxelmwifoebrivi sistemuri midgoma regionSi da saerTod qveyanaSi,
turizmis infrastruqturis yvela arsebuli problemis dadebiTad
gadasawyvetad.
aRniSnuli problemebi aramarto Sida qarTlSi, aramed saqarTvelos sxva
regionebSic aRiniSneba. magaliTad, rig regionebSi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis
centralizebuli gatanis araseboba regionebis teritoriidan, mosaxleobas
iZulebuls xdis narCenebis gadasayrelad gamoiyenon mdinareebi, mdinaris
xeobebi, ukontrolod darCenili adgilebi, rac qmnis usufTaobis,
antisanitariis pirobebs, garemos uqmnis ekologiur safrTxes. problemis
winase dgas dabinZurebuli teritoriis mosaxleoba, Sinauri da gareuli
cxovelebi, Tevzebi. binZurdeba mdinareTa hidrosfero.
miuxedavad naklovani mxareebisa, Sida qarTlis regions sakmaod didi
turistuli potenciali gaaCnia. aq SeiZleba ganviTardes ekoturizmis
sxvadasxva saxeoba, eqstremaluri turizmi, samkurnalo turizmi, kulturul-
dasasvenebeli turizmi, agroturizmi, Rvinis turizmi, arqeologiuri turizmi,
piligrimuli turizmi da sxv.
sxvadasxva turistuli saagentoebis meSveobiT Sida qarTls
(dauzustebeli informaciiT) stumrobda 25-30 aTasamde turisti. 2011 wlis
aprilSi q. gorSi gaixsna turizmis sainformacio centri. 2011 wlis aprilidan,
amave wlis seqtembris CaTvliT, damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad goris
turizmis sainformacio centrs 5000 – mde vizitori estumra. Tu manamde
turistebis interesSi mxolod i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumis da ufliscixis
kompleqsis monaxuleba iyo, gorSi sainformacio turistuli centris gaxsnam
turistebs yvelanairi informaciis miRebis saSualeba misca regionis
teritoriaze arsebuli sxva kulturuli Zeglebisa da mravalferovani
sanaxaobebis Sesaxeb. agreTve aRsaniSnavia, rom turizmis sainformacio
146
centris stumrebi xSirad gamoTqvamen garkveul SeniSvnebs turistuli
infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT regionSi, kerZod: [34]
• gasarTobi adgilebis da obieqtebis simcire;
• adgilobrivi turistuli saagentoebis ararseboba;
• sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis ararseboba;
• momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi;
• turistul obieqtebSi enobrivi barieris problema;
• transportis ganrigis saerTaSoriso enaze ararseboba.
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis Sida qarTlis regionSi araerTi
mniSvnelovani piroba arsebobs: Cvenamde SemorCenili sxvadasxva drois uamravi
kulturuli Zegli, xelsayreli geografiuli mdeobareoba, mdidari bunebrivi
resursebi da sxv. samwuxarod regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis didi da
mravalferovani potenciali gamouyenebeli da auTvisebelia. saWiroa
turistebisaTvis rukebisa da abrebis ganTavseba gzebze, kulturuli da
dasasvenebeli, kvebis obieqtebis miTiTebiT. turizmisaTvis auculebeli kvebisa
da dasvenebis obieqtebis, saojaxo sastumroebis, kulturul ZeglebTan
turistuli centrebis Seqmna adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis, maTi
Semosavlebis zrdisa da turizmis Semdomi ganviTarebis erT-erTi pirobaa.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sida qarTlis regioni Tavisi
geografiuli mdebareobiT, mravalferovani bunebiT da arsebuli (da
asaTvisebeli) turistuli obieqtebis istoriuli mniSvnelobiT, regionis
sworad dagegmili strategiiT da koordinirebuli saqmianobiT, gaxdeba erT-
erTi gamorCeuli regioni saqarTveloSi.
147
3.3. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro
resursebis gamovlena da misi racionaluri gamoyeneba
Cvens mier ganxiluli regionis istoriuli, ekonomikuri da socialur-
kulturuli faqtorebi da maTi analizi cxadyofs, rom Sida qarTls gaaCnia
udidesi potenciali turizmis yvela mimarTulebis gansaviTareblad.
aucilebelia ekonomikuri ganviTarebis komponentebis gaTvaliswineba,
rogorc regionuli, ise adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis. es
komponentebia: [28]
➢ turizmis adgilobrivi infrastruqturis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;
➢ miwis resursebis marTvis gaumjobeseba;
➢ regionuli da adgilobrivi statistikis srulyofa-ganviTareba;
➢ sainvesticio da sakonsultacio centrebis Seqmna;
➢ regionSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis stimulireba;
➢ soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;
➢ regionSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis mier sesxis aRebis wesis
sakanonmdeblo daregulireba kapitalis xelmisawvdomobis
xelSewyobisaTvis;
➢ eqsportze orientirebuli mcire da saSualo biznesis waxalisebis
mizniT eqsportis xelSewyoba;
➢ regionis brendis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba;
➢ gaTanabrebiTi satransfero sistemis daxvewa da minimaluri
saxelmwifo socialuri standartebis SemuSaveba;
➢ satransporto sistemis ganviTareba;
➢ regionis mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT tyis
resursebis inventarizacia da efeqturi gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa.
aRniSnuli strategia gulisxmobs, rom turizmis ganviTarebisasTvis
regionSi aucileblad unda aRinusxos masSi arsebuli infrastruqturis
obieqtebi (Senoba-nagebobebi); agreTve detalurad unda aRinusxos turizmis
calkeuli dargebis: ekoturizmis, kulturuli turizmis, rekreaciuli da sxva
tipis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro arsebuli bunebrivi da sxva
148
resursebi da am informaciis Sejerebis safuZvelze Seiqmnas turizmis
ganviTarebis strategia; unda SemuSavdes regionSi turistuli
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis aucilebeli pirobebi, maT Soris:
sagzao, satransporto, turistTa niSnebisa da sainformacio dafebis
ganTavseba. turistul obieqtze daSvebis sainformacio dafebis ganTavseba da
sxv., rac xels Seuwyobs turistuli nakadebis zrdas. [28]
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis gamoikveTa pirveli rigis prioritetebi –
infrastruqturis ganviTareba da mSeneblobis xelSewyoba: sainformacio
infrastruqtura da sainformacio kampania; sabanko infrastruqtura;
turistuli marSrutebis momzadeba; komunikacia kerZo seqtorTan; sagzao
infrastruqtura; narCenebis marTva; xalxuri rewvis xelSewyoba; komunikacia
kerZo seqtorTan: [29]
• sainformacio infrastruqtura _ aucilebelia gzebze damontaJdes
quCebis saxeldebisa da numeraciis, agreTve turistuli obieqtebis
mimaniSnebeli sagzao niSnebi, rogorc qarTul, aseve inglisur
enaze. saWiroa municipaluri transportisTvis gankuTvnil
gaCerebebze ganTavsdes transportis moZraobis ganrigis amsaxveli
dafebi (rac unda uzrunvelyos adgilobrivma xelisuflebam);
• sainformacio kampania _ Sida qarTlis romelime municipalitetma
unda uzrunvelyos turistuli gamofenis mowyoba, sadac miwveuli
iqnebian qveynis masStabiT moqmedi turistuli saagentoebi, ucxo
qveynebis saelCos warmomadgenlebi da turizmiT dainteresebuli
subieqtebi. amasTan, saWiroa erovnul doneze SemuSavebul iqnas
specialuri, regionis potencialTan dakavSirebuli, satelevizio
rgolebi, rac moemsaxureba regionis turistuli potencialis
popularizacias da aqcentirebuli iqneba ZiriTadad adgilobriv
turistebze (raSic aqtiurad unda CaerTos turizmis erovnuli
administracia, regionuli xelisufleba da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveloba);
149
• sabanko infrastruqtura _ turistebis sabanko momsaxurebis
gaumjobesebis mizniT aucilebeli pirobaa sabanko seqtoris metad
ganviTareba; damatebiTi bankomatebis damontaJeba regionis raionul
centrebSi (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTos adgilobrivi xelisufleba
da sabanko seqtori);
• turistuli marSrutis momzadeba _ aucilebelia regionis
masStabiT damuSavdes, Seivsos arsebuli turistuli marSrutebi
safexmavlo da veluri turizmisaTvis (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTos
adgilobrivi da regionuli xelisufleba);
• komunikacia kerZo seqtorTan _ saWiroa ufro meti koordinaciis
da aqtiuri komunikaciis uzrunvelyofa turistul saagentoebsa da
regionSi arsebul tursitul obieqtebs Soris. amisaTvis
aucilebelia regionSi ramdenime turistuli saagento
funqcionirebdes, radgan dReisaTvis turistuli nakadebis
Semodineba spontanurad xorcieldeba, rasac organizebuli xasiaTi
unda mieces regionis drosa da sivrceSi (unda CaerTos regionuli
xelisufleba da municipalitetebi turistul kompaniebTan erTad);
• sagzao infrastruqtura _ saWiroa gagrZeldes erovnuli da
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia da safexmavlo
bilikebis gaWra ekologiuri moTxovnebis dacvis gaTvaliswinebiT
(RonisZiebaSi aqtiurad unda CaerTos centraluri xelisufleba da
municipalitetebi erToblivad);
• wyalmomaragebis infrastruqtura _ unda gagrZeldes
municipalitetebSi wyalmomaragebis da melioraciis sistemebis
reabilitacia; unda gadawydes wylis uwyveti miwodebis problema;
melioraciis sistemis reabilitaciis dros, gaTvaliswinebuli unda
iqnas is adgilebi da teritoriebi, sadac metad aris agraruli
industriis ganviTarebis potenciali (am RonisZiebebSi unda
CaerTos centraluri xelisufleba regionul xelisuflebas da
donor organizaciebTan erTad);
150
• sanitaruli infrastruqtura _ regionis municipalitetebisaTvis
gadaudebel amocanad unda daisaxos sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris
adgilebSi da turistul obieqtebTan sazogadoebrivi
sapirfareSoebis mowyoba (unda uzrunvelyos adgilobrivma
xelisuflebam);
• narCenebis marTva _ aucilebelia moewyos Tanamedrove
standartebis nagavsayreli. narCenebis gatanis momsaxurebam unda
dafaros ara mxolod municipalitetis centrebi, aramed masSi
Semavali soflebic (RonisZieba unda gatardes regionuli
xelisuflebis da municipalitetebis aqtiuri xelmZRvanelobiT);
• xelovnuri rewva _ adgilobrivma xelisuflebam,
municipalitetebTan erTad aucileblad unda imuSaon adre
arsebuli xelovnuri rewvis mimarTulebebis aRdgenaze da dRes
arsebuli xelovnuri rewvis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze, aseve
produqciis realizebis mowesrigebaze. unda Seiqmnas turistebis
nakadebze gaTvlili suvenirebis mudmivmoqmedi gamofena-gayidvis
vizualurad mimzidveli obieqtebi.
damatebiTi prioritetia biznes garemos gaumjobesebis xelSewyoba,
kerZod: bankebis mxardaWera, finansuri resursebis xelmisawvdomobis zrda,
gadasaxdebis administirebis gamartiveba, axali bazrebis moZiebis xelSewyoba,
proeqtebis SedgenaSi konsultaciebis gaweva, saxelobo da profesiuli
ganaTlebis mxardaWra, momsaxurebis seqtoris xelSewyoba: [29]
➢ bankebis mxardaWera _ sesxebis gacemis rTuli administrireba
mniSvnelovan dabrkolebas warmoadgens biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis.
sesxis gacema gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania mcire kompaniebisa da
saojaxo sastumroebis qselis gafarToebisTvis. bankebSi, sabanko
produqtebis, kerZod ki sesxebis SemuSavebis gaumjobeseba da
gamravalferovneba, ara mxolod gazrdida kompaniebis mier sesxebis
an msgavsi servisebis, rogoricaa lizingi, gamoyenebas, aramed, aseve
iqneboda grZelvadiani strategia sesxis aRebasTan dakavSirebuli
danaxarjebis Semcirebis kuTxiT (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTon
151
regionuli xelisufleba da regionSi moqmedi safinanso
organizaciebi);
➢ finansuri resursebis xelmisawvdomobis zrda _ sasurvelia
mTavrobam, biznesis sxvadasxva seqtorSi moaxdinos subsidireba,
rac ufro masStaburi unda gaxdes, raTa ganxocieldes finansuri
resursebis mimarTva axali samuSao adgilebis Sesaqmnelad da
mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis mxardasaWerad (RonisZiebaSi unda
CaerTos regionuli da adgilobrivi xelisufleba, aseve safinanso
organizaciebi);
➢ gadasaxadebis administrirebis gamartiveba _ regionisTvis
mniSvnelovania biznesisadmi xisti politikis gatarebis gamo ar
moxdes safrTxis gancdis zrda. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia
liberaluri sagadasaxado administrirebis meqanizmebis SemoReba
(RonisZiebis gatareba ZiriTadad centraluri xelisuflebis
prerogativaa, unda CaerTos sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba, finansTa
saministro da biznes ombudsmeni);
➢ axali bazrebis moZiebis xelSewyoba _ aucilebelia sazRvargareT
moZiebul iqnas axali, damatebiTi bazrebi, raTa adgilobrivma
mewarmeebma SeZlon warmoebuli produqciis meti odenobiT
realizeba. aucilebelia biznes-forumebis da gamofenebis mowyoba
(RonisZieba unda ganaxorcielos centralurma xelisuflebam,
sazRvargareT moqmed saqarTvelos saelCoebTan erTad da
regionulma xelisuflebam adgilobrivi mewarmeebis monawileobiT);
➢ proeqtebis SedgenaSi konsultireba _ regionulma xelisuflebam
konsultireba unda gauwios adgilobriv xelisuflebas regionSi
gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebis SedgenaSi, xolo centralurma
xelisuflebam saTanado mxardaWera unda ganaxorcielos
damuSavebuli proeqtebis dasafinanseblad);
➢ saxelobo da profesiuli ganaTlebis mxardaWera _ aRniSnuli unda
gakeTdes profesiul saswavleblebsa da damsaqmeblebs Soris
dialogis waxalisebiT; axali kurukulemebis ganviTarebiT da
152
adeqvaturi sawavlo pirobebis SeqmniT. uaRresad mniSvnelovania
iseTi profesiebis mxardaWera, rogoricaa gidi; sastumro saqmis
specialisti; ofisis menejeri; mcxobeli; mzareuli; durgali;
eleqtrikosi da sxv.;
➢ momsaxurebis seqtoris xelSewyoba _ aucilebelia momsaxurebis
sferoSi dasaqmebuli personalis (gansakuTrebiT sastumroebsa da
restornebSi) kvalifikaciis amaRleba, rogorc teqnikuri kuTxiT,
agreTve inglisuri da rusuli enis gamarTul, sakomunikacio
doneze Seswavlis mimarTulebiT (aRniSnul RonisZiebebSi unda
CaerTos regionuli da adgilobrivi xelisufleba, saerTaSoriso
da adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi).
2015-2017 wlebisaTvis, miRebul iqna saSualovadiani samTavrobo
dokumenti, romelmac gansazRvra saqarTvelos regionuli politikis ZiriTadi
miznebi, amocanebi, Sesabamisi prioritetebi da RonisZiebebi; amasTan daadgina
saWiro pirobebi qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da mdgradi socialur-
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad. [29]
regionuli politika, programis ganxorcielebis miznebidan gamomdinare,
warmoadgens mizanmimarTul RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romelic
koordinirebuli da koncentrirebulia regionalur doneze. programa efuZneba
ganviTarebis saWiroebebsa da prioritetebs, maT, Sesabamisad, qveynis mdgrad
regionul ganviTarebaze mi
marTuli resursebis Sedegze orientirebul gadanawilebas. es programa
momzadda saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2013 wlis 10 seqtembris #1315 gankargulebis
safuZvelze. programis momzadebaSi CarTuli iyvnen Sesabamisi saministroebi
da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisia. am programis
SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovania evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos
Soris mimdinare TanamSromlobis RonisZiebebisaTvis, agreTve evrokavSiris
sabiujeto da seqtoruli daxmarebis programis farglebSi. am programis
efeqturi amoqmedeba pirdapir pasuxobs evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris
asocirebis xelSekrulebisa da asocirebis dRis wesrigiT gansazRvruli
153
Sesabamisi debulebebis ganxorcielebis miznebs. adrindel programasTan
SedarebiT am programaSi asaxulia bevrad ufro kompleqsuri da
koordinirebuli midgomebi, rac saqarTvelos im saministroebisa da
saxelmwifo uwyebebis ufro met CarTulobasa da TanamSromlobas moiTxovs,
romelTa saqmianobaSic efeqturi gavlena unda moaxdinon qveynis Semdgom
regionul ganviTarebaze [29].
programaSi warmodgenilia saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis
politika da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli sakvanZo prioritetebi
Sesatyvisi RonisZiebebiT. programa iwyeba SesavaliT, romelSic mimoxilulia
regionuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT arsebuli mdgomareoba da, Sesabamisad
gamovlenilia ZiriTadi saWiroebebi. xolo #2 danarTSi mocemulia
specialuri saxelmZRvanelo forma programis prioritetebisa da programuli
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis monitoringis xelSewyobisaTvis. [29]
yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia or zogad, magram metad mniSvnelovan
sakiTxze. rogorc cnobilia, 2012 wlis bolos, saparlamento arCevnebis
Sedegad, arCeuli iqna axali xelisufleba, rasac mohyva saxelmwifo
politikis mniSvnelovani koreqtireba rogorc saerTo doneze (mag., ZiriTadi
monacemebi da mimarTulebebi 2013-2016 wlebisaTvis), aseve konkretul dargebTan
da seqtorebTan mimarTebaSi (mag., soflis meurneoba, ganaTleba - maT Soris
profesiuli swavlebis CaTvliT, jandacva, dasaqmeba da sxv.). Sesabamisad
daiwyo axali polotikis SemuSaveba, rogorc regionul da adgilobriv
ganviTarebasTan mimarTebaSi, aseve daiwyo zrunva zogadad qveynis ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis axali erovnuli platformis SemuSavebisaTvis. [29]
2013 wlis agvistoSi saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris damTavrda
asocirebis SeTanxmebaze warmoebuli mniSvnelovani molaparakebebi, ramac, 2013
wlis noemberSi mxareebs misca aRmosavleT partniorobis samitze asocirebis
xelSekrulebis parafirebis SesaZlebloba. 2010 wels srgss-is miRebis Semdeg
(romelic isaxavda 2009 wlis da ufro adrindeli periodis analizs),
saqarTvelos yvela regionisaTvis SemuSavda regionuli ganviTarebis
strategiebi, romlebic mowonebuli iqna Sesabamisi regionuli sabWoebis da
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis komisiis mier da 2013 wlis seqtemberSi
154
damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis Sesabamisi gankargulebiT. amgvari ,,qvemodan
zemoT” dagegmvis Sedegebi moiTxovda maT gaTvaliswinebasa da asaxvas axal
programebSi. [29]
Aamrigad, zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare yuradReba unda gamaxvildes
Semdeg sakiTxebze:
1. am programis SemuSavebis pirveli etapisaTvis sawyis wertils
warmoadgenda saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.
saxelmwifo strategia (srgss). Tumca garemoebebi – saqarTvelos
politikis farTo konteqsti da sakuTriv politika – mniSvnelovnad
Seicvala da ganviTarda aRniSnuli strategiis miRebis Semdeg, ramac
logikurad ganapiroba evrokavSiris standartebTan maqsimalurad
morgebul axal relobaze gadasvla da masTan daaxloebuli
programis momzadeba.
2. axali programis farglebSi umniSvnelovanes gasaTvaliswinebel
sakiTxs warmoadgenda regionuli ganviTarebis politikis farTo
mizani.Ees programa efuZneba da didwilad SesabamisobaSia
evrokavSiris politikis (regionebs Soris uTanabrobis Semcireba)
gamocdilebasTan. unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo aTaswleulis
ganmavlobaSi es politika sagrZnoblad ganmtkicda – pirvelad 1990-
ian wlebSi, raTa daxmareba gaewiaT SedarebiT naklebad
ganviTarebuli wevri qveynebisaTvis, xolo mogvianebiT ki
gamoeyenebinaT axali wevri qveynebis mimarT, maTi gawevrianebis
Semdgom arsebuli saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.
amasTanave uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo, rom programa nawilobriv mainc
yofiliyo orientirebuli konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis politikis
mimarTulebazec, rogorc uTanasworobis Semcirebis, Tu ganviTarebis ufro
farTo saWiroebebis uzrunvelyofis saSualebaze. aseTi midgomebi savsebiT
Tavsebadia, ramdenadac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, orive amocanis gadaWra identuri
aqtivobebiT aris SesaZlebeli. Aam or midgomas Soris gansxvavebaze aqcentebis
dasma, an maTi kombinirebuli gamoyenebisas, ar gamoiricxeba garkveuli
dazustebis aucilebloba – Tu romeli midgoma emsaxureba ukeT regionebis
155
ganviTarebis saWiroebebs drois konkretul periodSi. swored aseTi midgomis
xedva iyo gasaTvaliswinebeli axali programis SemuSavebis procesSi.
mTlianobaSi es programa maqsimalurad morgebulia da pasuxobs saqrTvelos
regionuli ganviTarebis specifikur, mis yvelaze kritikul, rogorc pirvelad
da gadaudebel saWiroebebs. saqarTvelo evrokavSiris TiTqmis yvela wevr
qveyanasTan SedarebiT naklebad ganviTarebulia, amitom evrokavSiris wevr
qveynebTan SedarebiT (rogorc uTanabrobis SemcirebiT, aseve
konkurentunarianobis zrdis miznebisaTvis), misi ZiriTadi infrastruqturis
da mdgradi momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofis ganviTarebisaTvis, mizanSewonilia
ufro meti resursebis gamoyeneba. [28]
saqarTvelos msgavs patara qveynebSi, konkurentunarianobis sakiTxis
gadaWra, xSir SemTxvevaSi didwilad erovnul doneze xdeba. Tumca Sesabamisi
politikis mxardaWera saTanadod xorcieldeba agreTve subnacionalur
doneebzec. am konkretuli programis prioritetebi da RonisZiebebi ufro
uTanabrobebis Semcirebaze da mxolod nawilobriv, qveynisa da misi regionebis
konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis mxardaWeraze aris koncentrirebuli.
aRniSnuli sruliadac ar gulisxmobs Semdgom wlebSi saqarTvelos
regionebis ganviTarebisaTvis konkurentunarianobis sakiTxis nakleb
prioritetulobas. [28]
friad yuradsaRebia kompleqsuri gamowvevebi da maTze grZelvadiani
xedva, rac gulisxmobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis umniSvnelovanes da
mzard faqtors – biznesis mxardaWeris kompleqsur servisebs: kvlevebis
xelSewyoba, axali teqnologiebis danergva da inovaciebi. es servisebi
arsebiTia agreTve evrokavSiris wevr ganviTarebul qveynebTan Tu regionebTan
arsebuli gansxvavebebis SemcirebisaTvis. saqarTvelos regionebi ukve wamyvan
moTamaSeebad arian gadaqceuli saerTo erovnuli warmatebis misaRwevad,
radganac eqsternaliebi da mzardi ukugeba - rogorc ekonomikuri zrdisa da
ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli – swored regionul da adgilobriv
doneebze warmoiSoba. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom 2002 wlidan evropis
kavSiris sabWos mier konkurentunarianobis politika ganixileba, rogorc
evropis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi makroekonomikuri instrumenti, romelic
156
saSualebas iZleva dakmayofildes moqalaqeTa miswrafebebi rogorc
gaTanabrebis politikis, aseve codnaze damyarebuli maRalefeqtiani
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis meSveobiT, rogorc erovnul, ise suberovnul
doneze. [28]
Sida qarTlis teritoria gamoirCeva momxibvleli landSaftebiT,
mravalricxovani kulturul-istoriuli ZeglebiT da RirsSesaniSnaobebiT,
rac turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebis ZiriTadi safuZvelia. Mmiuxedavad
regionSi arsebuli mdidari da mravalferovani turistuli daniSnulebis
adgilebisa, municipalitetis muSaobis naklad unda CaiTvalos, rom turizmis
potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli. dabalia koordinaciis xarisxi
dedaqalaqSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da regionis teritoriaze
arsebuli turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris. mosawesrigebelia
aseve turistuli marSrutebi.
Aamrigad, zemoT xsenebuli programis, regionis turistuli seqtoris
potencialis, turistul infrastruqturaSi arsebuli naklovanebebisa da sxv.
gaTvaliswinebiT, SevimuSaveT turizmis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, romlis
ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia Sida qarTlis municipalitetSi.
ase magaliTad, goris municipalitetSi arsebuli potencialis mixedviT
turizmi SeiZleba ganviTardes Semdegi mimarTulebiT:
➢ ekoturizmi;
➢ agroturizmi;
➢ sasoflo turizmi;
➢ Rvinis turizmi;
➢ sakurorto turizmi;
➢ religiuri turizmi;
➢ eqstremaluri turizmi;
➢ samkurnalo turizmi.
amasTan, goris municipalitetSi, misi RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare
sami ZiriTadi turistuli marSruti gamoikveTa: turistuli marSruti (goris
cixe - stalinis saxl – muzeumi -kurorti gorijvari); mdinare tanas xeoba;
ufliscixis mimarTulebiT.
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aRsaniSnavia, rom yovel turistul marSrutze gvxvdeba garkveuli
naklovani mxareebi, amitom SevecadeT SegvemuSavebina calkeuli
municipalitetebis mixedviT, romelTa SeTavazebasac detaluri informaciisa
da Rirebulebis warmodgenamde Cven vapirebT turistebisaTvis, agreTve
baTumis, quTaisisa da Tbilisis turistuli saagentoebisaTvis TavianT
turistul marSrutebSi CasarTavad. swored kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil
naklovanebebze gavamaxviloT Tqveni yuradReba.
goris cixe jer kidev mxolod garedan daTvalierebis obieqts
warmoadgens turistebisaTvis. xolo turistebis ufro efeqturi mozidvis
mizniT aucileblobas warmoadgens am istoriul-kulturuli Zeglis
funqcionaluri datvirTva. am amocanis gadasaWrelad saWiroa gatardes
Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
➢ upirveles yovlisa arsebuli turistuli nakadebis SenarCunebis,
xolo SemdgomSi maTi zrdis mizniT unda Catardes moklevadiani
RonisZiebebi, romlebsac win unda uZRodes qalaqis ganviTarebis
generaluri gegmis SemuSaveba;
➢ generaluri gegmis safuZvelze, goris cixis Zvel istoriul
ubanSi (n. lomouris, b. juRaSvilis, a. wereTlis, garsevaniSvilis
quCebze) unda Catardes sarestavracio samuSaoebi: fasadebis
aRdgena Zveli arqiteqturuli stilis dacviT; fasadebisaTvis
sasurvelia gamoyenebuli iqnas Tlili qvebi an Zveli aguris
imiitaciis mqone filebi; aucilebelia gakeTilSobilebuli da
SenarCunebuli iqnas xis aivnebi; unda moxdes quCebisa da
trotuarebis mokirwyvla.
➢ eklesiis mxridan unda moxdes cixeze centraluri amosasvlelis
gaWra; mis mimdebare fiWvnarSi damatebiTi xeebis dargva; dasvenebis
adgilis organizeba; mosasvenebeli skamebis dadgma.
➢ goris cixis mimdebare teritoriaze dasvenebis adgilebis
organizebasTan erTad (ix. wina punqti) unda daidgas msubuqi
konstruqciis kafe-barebi da suvenirebis sarealizacio jixurebi;
158
➢ cixesTan unda aSendes arqiteqturulad lamazi administraciuli
da dacvis Senoba. xolo cixis samxreT mxares aucilebelia
moewyos saCvenebeli lamazi ubani (siRnaRis msgavsad);
➢ esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia cixis
asasvlelTan arsebuli saritualo saxlis sxvagan gadatana;
➢ goris cixis SesasvlelSi da darbazebSi unda ganTavsdes
specialuri maniSnebeli da sainformacio dafebi, sadac mocemuli
iqneba cixis Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli informacia (Sesabamisi
wyaroebiT), aseve arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegebi;
➢ goris cixis wylis Zvel rezervuarSi unda ganTavsdes
eTnografiuli muzeumi. am rezervuarSi mciredi rekonstruqciis
Sedegad unda moewyos sagamofeno darbazi, sadac unda moxdes
eTnografiuli muzeumis eqsponatebis ganTavseba;
➢ aucilebelia goris cixis mimdebare teritoriis mowesrigeba da
keTilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs mTeli teritoriis dasufTavebas
(moicavs Zveli wylis rezervuars da cxrakaraze Casasvlel
biliks); aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens sakmao raodenobiT
nagvis urnebis ganTavseba da sapirfareSoebis mowyoba;
➢ goris cixis mimdebare teritoriaze aucileblad unda
ganxorcieldes qonebis gamijvna; mesakuTreebis dadgena, raTa
moxdes investoris mosazidad Sesabamisi SeTavazebis momzadeba.
i. b. stalinis muzeumSi turistuli nakadebis gasazrdelad,
aucilebelia Seiqmnas turistebisaTvis yovelmxriv xelsayreli garemo:
➢ mowesrigdes muzeumis fasadi;
➢ muzeumis koSkze unda Caisvas minebi;
➢ moewyos muzeumis ezo da mowesrigdes qvafenili;
➢ turistebisaTvis moewyos sapirfareSo;
➢ muzeumis moednis ukana mxares moewyos sabWoTa periodis
stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli interieri da kafe-bari;
➢ saeqsponato darbazebSi mizanSewonilad migvaCnia dasavenebeli
savarZlebis ganTavseba;
159
➢ muzeumis erT-erT darbazSi unda ganTavsdes cnobili moRvaweebis
eqsponatebi.
A am RonisZiebebis Catareba gacilebiT ufro mimzidvels da sainteresos
gaxdis turistebisaTvis goris cixes, radganac maT miecemaT ara marto
qalaqisa da Zeglis istoriis ukeT gacnobis saSualeba, aramed eTnografiuli
eqsponatebis sakuTari TvaliT xilvis SesaZlebloba. Sedegad aucileblad
gaizrdeba am Zeglis mimarT interesi da, Sesabamisad, goris cixeze
turistebisa da damTvaliereblebis nakadi.
gorijvari aris q, gorTan axlos mdebare istoriuli adgili, romlis
qalaqidan danaxuli xedi saocrad mimzidvelia turistebisaTvis,
gansakuTrebiT piligrimuli turiT dainteresebulTaTvis. Aamdenad roca
ganvixilavT gors, aucileblad unda ganvixiloT gorijvaric. Ggorijvaris
turistuli potencialis gazrdisaTvis aucilebelia gatardes Semdegi
RonisZiebebi:
➢ qalaqis xedis mxares Wogritis dayeneba, raTa garkveuli safasuris (mag.,
liTonis erTlariani) gadaxdiT mnaxvelebma SeZlon qalaqis, md.
liaxvisa da mtkvaris SesarTavis, ufliscixis samonastro kompleqsis,
agreTve sxva lamazi sanaxaobebis daTvaliereba; Semosuli Tanxebi ki
moxmardes eklesiisa da misi mimdebare teritoriis keTilmowyobas;
➢ ukiduresad aucilebelia eklesiis SesasvlelTan arsebuli Sesawiris
(sasaklaos) moSorebiT gadatana da iq arsebuli usiamovno garemos
mowesrigeba;
➢ gorijvris gzis mimarTulebiT monakveTze saWiroa gzis orenovani
(qarTuli-inglisuri) maCveneblis dayeneba;
➢ saWiroa gorijvarTan misasvleli gzis mowesrigeba, misi zeda fenis
moxreSva, xolo qveda nawilebis SekeTeba. SesaZlebelia sruliad axali
asasvleli gzis gayvanac gorakis ukiduresi marjvena mxridan.
Kkurorti gorijvari, rogorc damsveneblebis gantvirTvisa da dasvenebis
saukeTeso saSualeba, qalaqTan siaxlovis gamo aucileblad unda iqnas
gamoyenebuli turistuli daniSnulebis miznebisaTvis.Mmisi realurad
amoqmedebis saSualebad ki Cven gvesaxeba kurortis mesakuTreebisaTvis
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investorebis moZiebaSi aqtiuri daxmareba. Kkurort gorijvris realurad
amoqmedebisaTvis saWiroa gatardes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
➢ investorTa daintereseba kurortiT da am TvalsazrisiT
mepatronisaTvis mxardaWeris gaweva;
➢ sakomunikacio infrastruqturis miyvana kurortis mimdebare
teritoriamde;
➢ gorijvris mimarTulebis gzaze da uSualod kurortTan sainformacio
dafebis ganTavseba;
➢ aucilebelia gorijvarTan misasvleli gzis mowesrigeba, misi zeda
fenis moxreSva, xolo qveda nawilebis SekeTeba. SesaZlebelia
sruliad axali asasvleli gzis gayvanac gorakis ukiduresi marjvena
mxridan.
turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali md. tanas xeobaSi, sadac kargad aris
warmodgenili bunebrivi da kulturul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebis harmoniulad
SeTavsebuli urTierToba. am xeobaSi didi potencialia ganviTardes turizmis
Semdegi saxeobebis mimarTulebebi:
➢ Rvinis turizmi;
➢ piligrimuli turizmi;
➢ kulturuli turizmi;
➢ soflis turizmi;
➢ ekoturizmi;
➢ samkurnalo turizmi;
➢ kempingi, qaravaningi;
➢ saTavgadasavlo turizmi;
➢ eqstremaluri turizmi
amisaTvis aucilebelia xeobaSi moewyos turistuli kompleqsi, saidanac
moxdeba turistuli mimarTulebebis ganxorcielebis organizeba
zemoTxsenebuli saxeobebis mixedviT. turistuli kompleqsis mowyobaSi
moiazreba sastumros tipis ganTavsebis adgilebi da kempingebi, risTvisac
goris municipalitetis mier unda gamoiyos Sesabamisi teritoria.
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kempingis ganviTarebis kuTxiT saWiroa ganxorcieldes Semdegi saxis
samuSaoebi:
➢ municipalitetis mier saWiro teritoriis gamoyofa, romelic mudmivad
mzad iqneba kemperebis misaRebad;
➢ kempingis adgilebis SerCevisa da keTilmowyobis Semdgom saWiroa maTi
aRniSvna municipalitetis kulturul rukaze da aseve, Sesabamisi
niSnebis (kempingis adgilis aRmniSvneli) centralur magistralebze
ganTavseba;
➢ kempingis siaxloves sasurvelia iyos sasursaTo maRazia an kafe-
restorani;
➢ aRniSnuli teritoriis keTilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs sakempingo
teritoriis denis wyaroTi da sasmeli wliT momaragebas, ganaTebiT
uzrunvelyofas da teritoriaze sveli wertilebis mowyobas.
cnobilia, rom tanas xeobaSi mravali eklesia-monasteria, romelTa
Soris aRsaniSnavia atenis sioni, dedaTa monasteri da mravali sxv. romelic
Tavisi istoriuli da religiuri mniSvnelobiT udides siwmindeebs
warmoadgenen. garda amisa, arsebobs xeobidan md. Zamas xeobaSi gadasasvleli
safexmavlo gza. md. Zamas xeobaSic aseve mravali moqmedi qristianuli Zveli
eklesia-monasteri mdebareobs da am mxriv tanas xeoba momlocvelobiTi
(piligrimuli) turizmiT dainteresebul pirebs Zalian mimzidvel sanaxaobas
hpirdeba. [35]
tanas xeoba gamorCeulia aq gavrcelebuli vazis jiSebiT: ,,atenuriT”,
,,goruli mwvaneTi” da sxv., romlebisganac mzaddeba Sampaniuris Rvino-masala.
aRsaniSnavia, rom xeobaSi arsebobs atenis Rvinis qarxana, romelic Zalian
mimzidvelia dainteresebul pirTaTvis. [35]
aRsaniSnavia, rom tanas xeobaSi, sofel biisSi arsebobs samkurnalo
turizmis mimarTulebis ganviTarebisaTvis gogirdovani wylebis resursi.
marTalia, samwuxarod, dResdReisobiT iq infrastruqtura moSlilia, magram
investorebis moZiebis da Sesabamisi investiciebis ganxorcielebis (wylis
debetis, geografiuli mdebareobis da iq arsebuli sufTa haeris
gaTvaliswinebiT) SemTxvevaSi sofel biiss Tavisi monacemebiT aqvs
162
SesaZlebloba qveynis masStabiT gadaiqces samkurnalo turizmis erT-erT
Zlier centrad.
tanas xeobaSi aris erT-erTi unikaluri CanCqeri, romelic zamTarSi
iyineba da warmoiqmneba yinulovani klde, romelic did interess iwvevs
mekldeurTa, mTasvlelTa da eqstremaluri turizmiT dainteresebul pirebSi.
aRniSnul yinulze yovelwliurad imarTeba Sesabamisi mini-turebi.
amrigad, tanas xeobas didi potenciali gaaCnia eqstremaluri turizmis,
mekldeurebis da mTasvlelebis gulis mosagebad. Sesabamisad popularizaciis
SemTxvevaSi sruliad SesaZlebelia am mimarTulebiT turistTa nakadebis
gazrda, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba:
➢ aucilebelia srulad aRiweros tanas xeobaSi arsebuli
kulturul-istoriuli da sxva turistuli obieqtebi, moxdes maTi
rukaze datana, xolo es informacia unda ganTavsdes xeobis gzis
gaswvriv sainformacio abrebis saxiT. agreTve daibeWdos es
informacia da gavrceldes Sesabamisi bukletebisa da broSurebis
saxiT goris turistul sainformacio centrebSi da tanas xeobaSi
arsebul turistul kompleqsSi;
➢ sagzao infrastruqturis mowesrigeba atenis sionidan boSuramde;
➢ xeobis gazificireba;
➢ atenis sionamde gare ganaTebis sistemis mowyoba;
➢ turistuli sainformacio niSnebis mowyoba;
➢ moewyos turistuli bilikebi tanas xeobaSi arsebul turistul
obieqtebamde da datanil iqnas es informacia Sesabamis rukebze da
xeobis gzamkvlevze.
xeobis turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofisaTvis gamiznuli zemoT
CamoTvlili RonisZiebebi TavisTavad ligikurad, naTlad avlens Casatarebel
RonisZiebaTa pirveladobis da Tanmimdevrulobis SesaZlo variantebs.
turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali ufliscixis mimarTulebiT
ufliscixis mimarTuleba erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeuli da saintereso
turistuli marSrutia. igi Tavisi unikalurobiT – ufliscixis istoriul-
arqiteqturuli ZegliT izidavs uamrav damTvalierebelsa da turists. es
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marSruti moicavs: qvaxvrelis kldeSi nakveT kviracxovlis eklesias, yvavebis
saydars, yaTlanis xevis da saliZvlis namosaxlarebs, RvTismSoblis eklesias
da sxva istoriul Zeglebs. sruliad SesaZlebelia am marSrutis metad
datvirTva, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba:
➢ vinaidan marSruti moicavs sxvadsxva mimarTulebiT ganfenil mraval
istoriul Zegls da erT dReSi maTi monaxuleba SeuZlebelia, amitom,
aucilebelia, pirvel rigSi, Sesabamisi turistuli infrastruqturis
mowyoba, rac gulisxmobs dsastumros mSeneblobas da dasvenebis
zonis zonis keTilmowyobas, kempingis mowyobas ufliscixis
istoriul-arqiteqturuli muzeum-nakrZalis mimdebare teritoriaze,
rac mogvcems saSualebas aq Seiqmnas aRniSnuli marSrutis centri.
➢ aucilebelia muzeum-nakrZalamde misasvleli centraluri
magistralis ganaTeba;
➢ unda moxdes uSualod ufliscixis Zeglis dekoratiuli ganaTeba, rac
karg vizualur da sareklamo efeqts Seqmnis turistebisaTvis.;
➢ ufliscixis turistuli marSruti iZleva saTevzao – md. mtkvrisa da
nadarbazevis tbis siaxlovis gamo da saTavgadasavlo turizmis
ganviTarebis saSualebas;
➢ radgan aq Zalian didi potenciali arsebobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
TvalsazrisiT, amitom arqeologiiT dainteresebuli turistebis
mosazidad aucilebelia aRdges arqeologiuri gaTxrebi;
➢ unda moxdes agroturizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. amisaTvis
aucilebelia dainergos saojaxo sastumroebis standartebi, soflis
mosaxleobas unda Cautardes treningebi, Tu rogor unda moawyon
saojaxo sastumroebi agroturizmiT dainteresebuli turistebis
misaRebad da gansaTavseblad ise, rom GgaTvaliswinebuli hqondeT
adgilobrivi stumar-maspinZloba da tradiciebi.
goris municipalitetSi turizmis infrastruqturaSi arsebuli
problemebis warmosaCenad, Cven SevecadeT mogvexdina municipalitetis, rogorc
erTiani organizmis SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri dasusti mxareebis
identifikacia, agreTve SevecadeT gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi, perspeqtivebi
164
da mosalodneli safrTxeebi. yovelive aman SesaZlebeli gaxada mogvexdina
municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis miznebisa da prioritetebis
formulireba, imis gaTvaluswinebiT, rom dasaxuli qmedebebi mimarTuli
yofiliyo susti mxareebis aRmofxvrasa da savaraudo safrTxeebis
ganeitralebaze. amitomac SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi yovlismomcveli
yofiliyo.
Zlieri mxareebi – S
• municipalitetis xelsayreli
geografiuli mdebareoba
(dedaqalaqTan da saerTaSoriso
saavtomobilo magistralTan
siaxlove da xelsayrel
satransporto gzajvaredinze
mdebaroeba);
• stalinis dabadebis adgilis da
Sesabamisad misi saxl-muzeumis
gorSi mdebareoba;
• erovnuli mniSvnelobis
kulturuli da istoriuli
Zeglebis simravle da
rekreaciuli resursebis
mravalferovneba;
• mdidari bunebrivi resursebi:
mdinareebi, tbebi, lamazi
landSafti, bio-mravalferovneba,
Termuli wylebi da nayofieri
niadagi;
• ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba
(meRvineoba, mexileoba-mebaReoba
susti mxareebi _ W
• turistuli infrastruqturis
simwire (sastumroebis
simwire, kvebis obieqtebis
aradamakmayofilebeli
standartebi da momsaxurebis
dabali done);
• komfliqtur zonasTan
siaxlove (cxinvalidan
goramde 28 km-ia);
• SezRuduli adgilobrivi
finansuri da ucxouri
investiciebi.
• turistuli momsaxurebis
arqona (turistuli
sainformacio centris
muSaobis gaumjobeseba,
municipalitetis turistuli
gzamkvlevebi, araa
SemuSavebuli konkretuli
turistuli marSrutebi);
• kvalificiuri kadrebis
simwire (Sesabamisi
165
da mesaqonleoba);
• gamarTuli sagzao
infrastruqtura;
• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
stumarTmoyvareoba;
• saSualo da umaRlesi ganaTlebis
dawesebulebebis arseboba (rac
saSualebas iZleva gadamzaddes
turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli
kadrebi).
kvalifikaciis mqone gidebis
arasakmarisi raodenoba);
• q. gorSi goris cixis Zveli
ubnis nagebobaTa ukiduresad
cudi fizikuri mdgomareoba
(amortizacia);
• q. gorSi saproeqto-
samSeneblo normativebis ar
arseboba da Seusabamo
mSeneblobebi;
SesaZleblobebi _ OO
• municipalitetSi sxvadasxva saxis
turizmis ganviTareba;
• municipalitetis turistuli
marSrutis centrad Camoyalibeba;
• turizmisa da masTan
dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis
ganviTarebis gziT
municipalitetis popularizacia
da Sedegad adgilobrivi da
ucxouri investiciebisaTvis
mimzidveli garemos Seqmna;
• adgilobrivi wvrili samewarmeo
saqmianobis ganviTareba (xelnakeTi
nivTebisa da suvenirebis warmoeba-
realizeba);
• municipalitetis social-
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
gaumjobeseba da siRaribisa da
safrTxeebi _ T
• konfliqtur regionSi
mdgomareobis daZabva;
• turistTa didi nakadebis
Sedegad garemos dabinZureba
da ekologiuri mdgomareobis
gauareseba;
• istoriul-kulturuli
memkvidreobis degradacia da
dakargva;
• q. goris istoriul ubanSi
qaoturi mSeneblobebi da
istoriul-arqiteqturuli
stilis darRveva;
• araprofesiuli midgoma
(saproeqto praqtikis dabali
done da dabali
kvalifikaciis kadrebis
monawileoba istoriul
166
umuSevrobis donis Semcireba. ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);
• ekonomikuri uTanasworobis
gazrda da periferiuli
dasaxlebebis izolacia.
goris municipalitetSi Catarebulma kvlevam da SWOT analizma
gamoavlina turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofis mizniT
gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri mimarTulebebi. miRebuli Sedegebi
mniSvnelovania im mxriv, rom igi SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos turizmis
ganviTarebis SesamuSavebel qmedebaTa gegmas.
turistuli infrastruqturis reabilitaciisaTvis gasatarebeli
RonisZiebebi – turizmis infrastruqtura garkveuli sirTulis funqciuri
sistemaa. es sistema moicavs mravali saxis da sxvadasxva sirTulis Semcvel
komponentebs, romelTa Soris drosa da sivrceSi xorcieldeba SerCeviTi
funqciurad gaaqtiurebuli kavsirebi. sistemis komponentebis srulyofa
uzrunvelyofs TviT sistemis erTian ganviTarebad efeqtur da momgebian
muSaobas. am komponentTa ricxvi mravalia, magaliTad ganTavsebis saSualebebi,
sastumroebi, otelebi, kempingebi, saojaxo sastumroebi, satransporto
saSualebebi, sazogadoebrivi kvebis obieqtebi, garTobis, sportuli,
samkurnalo, religiur-sakulto, SemecnebiTi, saqmiani da sxva daniSnulebis
organizaciebis, turoperatoruli da turagenturuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli,
aseve turistul-saeqskursio da gid-Tarjimnebis momsaxurebis mimwodebeli
organizaciebis erToblioba, romlebic uzrunvelyofen turistuli
infrastruqturis gamarTul musaobas, turistebis xarisxian da operatiul
momsaxurebas.
aRniSnuli momsaxurebis efeqtianobis gasaumjobeseblad goris
municipalitetSi aucilebelia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
• aucilebelia qalaqSi arsebuli gasarTobi centrebisa da dasvenebis
adgilebis (parkebis, skverebis, kinoTeatrebis da sakoncerto
darbazebis) keTilmowyoba;
167
• gorSi aSendes Sesabamisi standartebis mqone sastumroebi da moxdes
kerZo pirebis daintereseba saojaxo sastumroebis mosawyobad. vinaidan
gori unda gaxdes turistuli marSutis erT-erTi centri, saidanac
moxdeba turistebis ganawileba aramarto goris, aramed Sida qarTlis
sxva municipalitetebis saeqskursio marSrutebze sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT, pirvel etapze aucilebelia swored turisტebis
ganTavsebisaTvis Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmna.
• aucliebelia qalaqSi sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis mowyoba;
• qalaqis SesasvlelTan da centralur ubnebSi aucilebelia ganTavsdes
qalaqisa da municipalitetis ruka, romelzec naCvenebi iqneba yvela
RirSesaniSnavi turistuli obieqtebi, maTze misasvleli gzebi;
• avtosadgurze, rkinigzis sadgurze da municipaluri transportis
gaCerebis adgilebze aucilebelia ganTavsdes turistebisaTvis
transportis ganrigisa da mimarTulebis maCvenebeli dafebi;
• xeli Seewyos iseTi dasasvenebli adgilis Seqmnas, sadac SesaZlebeli
iqneba Camosuli turistebisaTvis internet-momsaxurebis
xelmisawvdomoba;
• aucilebelia municipalitetSi arsebul turistul obieqtebamde
misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia da keTilmowyoba;
• grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mniSvnelovania da aucilebelia tanas
xeobidan borjomSi gadasasvleli gzis reabilitacia. aRniSnuli gza
ara marto daakavSirebs borjomisa da walkis turistul zonebs,
aramed iqneba alternatiuli gza;
• municipalitetSi arsebuli goris universitetisa da prof-
saswavleblebis bazaze sasurvelia moxdes turizmis industriaSi
momuSave kadrebis momzadeba-gadamzadeba.
turistebis metad dainteresebisa da mozidvisaTvis aucilebelia aqtiuri
sainformacio piar kampaniis warmoeba, rac udaod gazrdis goris
municipalitetis farglebSi turizmis popularizacias. cudad dagegmilma da
araTanmimdevrulma piar kampaniam SeiZleba ukuSedegi gamoiRos. aseTi, apriori
ukuSedegis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia goris sainformacio centris
168
maRalkvalificiuri da profesionali kadrebiT dakompleqteba da goris
municipalitetis popularizacia. centris upirvelesi amocana iqneba ufro
popularuli da informaciuli gaxados municipalitetSi arsebuli istoriul-
kulturuli Zeglebi da sxv.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT saqarTvelodan goris
municipalitetSi Semosuli turistebi, goris marSrutebis daTvalierebisa da
dasvnebis Semdeg, aseve detalurad aRnusxuli da momzadebuli marSrutebiT
gaemgzavron qarelis, xaSurisa da kaspis RirsSesaniSnaobebis
dasaTvaliereblad.
qvemoT gTavazobT aRniSnuli municipalitetebis turistuli marSrutebis
daxasiaTebas, saojaxo sastumroebSi 1-2 dRiT ganTavsebiT da adgilobrivi
nakeTobebis (suvenirebis) turistebisaTvis SeTavazebiT. amis Semdeg,
survilisamebr turistebi gaemgzavron mcxeTaSi da Semdeg TbilisSi. aseve
Tbilisidan wamosuli turistebs turoperatorebma unda SesTavazon Sida
qarTlis saintereso marSrutebi, rac aamaRlebs koordinaciis xarisxs
dedaqalaqSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlSi arsebuli
turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris.
Kkaspis municipalitetSi, romelic mdidaria RirsSesaniშnaobebiT,
adamianisa da bunebis mier Seqmnili Sesaniშnavi ZeglebiT, turizmi SeiZleba
ganviTaredes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
• samkurnalo turizmi;
• eko-turizmi;
• agroturizmi;
• sacxenosno turizmi;
• kulturuli turizmi;
• Rvinis turizmi;
• religiuri turizmi;
• sasoflo turizmi.
kaspis municipalitetSi misi RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare
gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi turistuli marSruti. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli
169
teritoriuli marSrutebisaTvis aucilebelia mTeli rigi moklevadiani Tu
grZelvadiani RonisZiebebis Catareba, romelic xels Seuwyobs turistebis
xarisxian momsaxurebas.
I turistuli marSruti - kaspis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi – turistebis
mosazidad aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis გatareba:
• moewyos muzeumis ezo da mowesrigdes Sesasvleli;
• mowesrigdes muzeumis fasadi;
• turistebisTvis moewyos sapirfareSo:
• muzeumis ukana mxares moewyos kafe-bari;
• sasurvelia suvenirebis maRaziis mowyoba.
general giorgi mazniaSvilis saxl-muzeumi – mosawesrigebelia sagzao
infrastruqtura, ar aris sapirfareSo turistebisaTvis, Senoba saWiroebs
remonts. sasurvelia turistebisaTvis kvebis obieqtis mowyoba da suvenirebis
maRazia. ivane javaxiSvilis saxl – muzeumi – mosawesrigebelia
infrastuqtura.
metexis RvTismSoblis taZris kompleqsi - samonastro kompleqsi kaspis
municipalitetis sofel metexSi. RvTismSoblis taZari jvar-gumbaTovani
nagebobaa, TariRdeba XIII saukuniT. nagebia kargad damuSavebuli bazaltis
kvadrebiT. fasadebSi CarTulia mwvane feris qvebic. Sesasvleli ori aqvs -
samxreTidan da dasavleTidan. orive Signidan TaRovania, garedan - oTxkuTxa.
gumbaTi aRmarTulia afsidis kedlebsa da dasavleTis wyvil burjze.
turistebis mosazidad aucilebelia gatardes Semdegi saxis RonisZiebebi:
• damontaJdes taZramde misasvlel gzaze or enovani (qarTuli-inglisuri)
abrebi, rogorc qarTveli, aseve ucxoeli turustebisaTvis;
• rogorc kompleqsis Sida, asve gare teritoriaze infrastruqturis
mowesrigeba, sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSos aSeneba;
• gidebis (maTSoris ucxoenovanis) arseboba;
• turistebisaTvis kvebis obieqtis mowyoba da gare perimetris ganaTeba.
II turistuli marSruti: samTavisis eklesia - Sua saukuneebis qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri jvar-gumbaTovani taZari, dgas kaspis municipalitetis
170
sofel samTavisSi, mdinare lexuris marcxena napirze. taZramde misasvleli
gza mosaasfaltebelia, saWiroa gare ganaTebis da nagvis urnebis montaJi.
teritoriaze ar arsebobs kvebis obieqti da suvenirebis maRazia
turistebisaTvis.
wminda ninos eklesia - eklesia kaspis municipalitetis sofel aRaianis
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT or kilometrze, TxoTis mTaze. TariRdeba VII-VIII
saukuneebiT. saWiroa sagzao infrastruqturis mowesrigeba da turistebisaTvis
minimaluri pirobebis Seqmna.
erTawmindis taZris kompleqsi - wminda evstaTis (estates) saxelobis XIII
saukunis pirveli naxevris es jvargumbaTovani taZari dgas kaspis
municipalitetis sofel erTawmindis centrSi. Tlili qviT nagebi didi
eklesiis gumbaTi or Tavisuflad mdgar burjsa da bemis kuTxeebs eyrdnoba.
sakurTxevlis orive mxares or sarTulad ganlagebuli kuTxis oTaxebia. [35]
qvaTaxevis kompleqsi - XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli monasteri.
mdebareobs qarTlSi, kaspis municipalitetis sofel winarexidan 5 km-ze, md.
kavTuris saTavesTan. qvaTaxevis samonastro kompleqsSi Sedis mTavari taZari,
satrapezo, koSki da senakebi. [35] qvaTaxevis komleqsi gamoirCeva unikaluri
istoriuli RirebulebiT da bunebis silamaziT, Tumca srulyofilad ar aris
aTvisebuli misi turistuli potenciali. kompleqsi saWiroebs misasvleli
gzis mowesrigebas, ganaTebas, agreTve teritoriaze ar arsebobs kvebis obieqti,
suvenirebis maRazia, saWiroa sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSos mowyoba.
kompleqsis teritoriaze sasurvelia moewyos sakempinge adgili
turstebisaTvis.
rkonis kompleqsi - qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli, samonastro
kompleqsi kaspis municipalitetSi, sofel CaCubeTis midamoebSi, nasoflar
rkonis teritoriaze. TeZmis xeobis zeda nawilSi. rkonis kompleqsSi Sedis:
RvTismSoblis eklesia, karibWe, egvteri, samlocvelo, satrapezo, koSki,
samreklo, naTlismcemlis eklesia karibWiT da xidi. rkonis kompleqsi
mniSvnelovani turistuli daniSnulebis adgilia kaspis municipalietSi. [35]
gamoirCeva unikaluri xuroTmoZRvrebiT da bunebiT. teritoria saukeTeso
adgilia turistebisaTvis, rogorc kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, aseve
171
sakempinge, safexmavlo, sacxenosno da eqstremaluri turizmisaTvis. rkonis
kompleqsi saWiroebs misasvleli gzis reabilitacias, turistebisaTvis
mowesrigebuli infrastruqturis, kvebis obieqtis da suvenirebis maRaziis
mowyobas.
imisaTvis, rom ukeT gasagebi yofiliyo kaspis municipalitetSi turizmis
winaSe arsebuli problemebi, SevecadeT mogvexdina municipalitetis, rogorc
erTiani organizmis SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri da susti mxareebis
identifikacia da gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi da mosalodneli safrTxeebi.
am analizidan SesaZlebeli gaxda municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis
miznebisa da prioritetebis formulireba. garda amisa, dasaxuli qmedebebi
unda iTvaliswinebdes sust mxareebsa da safrTxeebs, maTi aRmofxvrisa da
ganeitralebis RonisZiebebs. amitomac SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi
yovlismomcveli yofiliyo. qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia
municipalitetis SWOT analizi turizmis TvalsazrisiT.
Zlieri mxareebi – S
• kaspis municipalitetis
xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba (dedaqalaqTan da
saerTaSoriso saavtomobilo
magistralTan siaxlove);
• erovnuli mniSvnelobis
kulturuli da istoriuli
Zeglebis simravle da
rekreaciuli resursebis
mravalferovneba;
• mdidari bunebrivi resursebi:
mdinareebi, lamazi landSafti,
bio-mravalferovneba, Termuli
wylebi da nayofieri niadagi;
susti mxareebi _ W
• komfliqtur zonasTan
siaxlove;
• kaspis municipalitetis
satransporto periferiuli
gzebis mouwesrigebloba;
• turistuli infrastruqturis
simwire (sastumroebis
simwire, kvebis obieqtebis
aradamakmayofilebeli
standartebi da momsaxurebis
dabali done);
• kaspis municipalitetis
turistuli da sarekriacio
SesaZleblobebis
172
• ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba
(meRvineoba, mexileoba-mebaReoba
da mesaqonleoba);
• gamarTuli sagzao
infrastruqtura;
• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
stumarTmoyvareoba;
• mravalferovani landSafti da
ekosistemebis
nairsaxeoba;
• mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;
• tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis
kerebis simravle;
Seuswavleloba;
• turistuli momsaxurebis
arqona (turistuli
sainformacio centris arqona,
municipalitetis turistuli
gzamkvlevebi, araa
SemuSavebuli konkretuli
turistuli marSrutebi);
• SezRuduli adgilobrivi
finansuri da ucxouri
investiciebi.
• kvalificiuri kadrebis
simwire (Sesabamisi
kvalifikaciis mqone gidebis
arasakmarisi raodenoba);
• q. kaspis ganviTarebis
generaluri gegmis
ararseboba;
• ganadgurebuli
infrastruqturis obieqtebi;
• dazianebuli kulturuli
Zeglebi da obieqtebi;
SesaZleblobebi _ O
• kaspis municipalitetis
sarekriacio-turistuli
potencialis kompleqsuri
Seswavla da misi
optimaluri gamoyenebisaTvis
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;
safrTxeebi _ T
• konfliqtur regionSi
mdgomareobis daZabva;
• turistTa didi nakadebis
Sedegad garemos dabinZureba
da ekologiuri mdgomareobis
gauareseba;
173
• kaspis municipalitetSi sxvadasxva
saxis turizmis ganviTareba
(municipalitetis geografiuli
mdebareoba, istoriul-kulturuli
Zeglebis simravle da
rekreaciuli resursebis
mravalferovneba iZleva
SesaZleblobas turizmi
warimarTos mravali
mimarTulebebiT;
• turistuli infrastruqturis
axali obieqtebis sapiloto
proeqtebis damuSaveba;
• turizmisa da masTan
dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis
ganviTarebis gziT
municipalitetis popularizacia
da Sedegad adgilobrivi da
ucxouri investiciebisaTvis
mimzidveli garemos Seqmna;
• adgilobrivi wvrili samewarmeo
saqmianobis ganviTareba (xelnakeTi
nivTebisa da suvenirebis warmoeba-
realizeba);
• kaspis municipalitetis social-
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
gaumjobeseba da siRaribisa da
umuSevrobis donis Semcireba;
• kaspis municipalitetis
sakurorto - turistul
• istoriul-kulturuli
memkvidreobis degradacia da
dakargva;
• turizmis calkeuli
segmentebis araTanmimdevruli,
qaoturi ganviTareba;
• araprofesiuli midgoma
(saproeqto praqtikis dabali
done da dabali
kvalifikaciis kadrebis
monawileoba istoriul
ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);
• ekonomikuri uTanasworobis
gazrda da periferiuli
dasaxlebebis izolacia;
• araxelsayreli ekonomikuri
viTareba.
174
kompleqsze da mis calkeul
saintereso obieqtebze
internetgverdis, sareklamo
rgolebis momzadeba da
gavrceleba;
• turistuli obieqtebis
marSrutizireba.
amgvarad, kaspis municipalitetis mimarT Catarebulma SWOT analizma
gamoavlina turituli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mizniT
gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri da udaod saintereso
mimarTuleebebi. am kuTxiT jer-jerobiT auTvisebeli da aumoqmedebeli
mniSvnelovani turistuli potenciali da realurad mosalodneli safrTxeebi.
qarelis municipalitetSi, romelic mdidaria RirsSesaniშnaobebiT,
adamianisa da bunebis mier Seqmnili Sesaniშnavi ZeglebiT, turizmi SeiZleba
ganviTaredes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
• eko-turizmi;
• agroturizmi;
• eqstremaluri turizmi;
• sakurorto turizmi;
• Rvinis turizmi;
• religiuri turizmi.
qarelis municipaliteti mdidaria istoriuli, arqeologiuri,
materialur- kulturuli ZeglebiT, romelTagan umravlesoba eklesia
monastrebi da patara saydrebia. qarelis municipalitetSi misi
RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi turistuli
marSruti. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli teritoriuli marSrutebisaTvis
aucilebelia mTeli rigi mokle Tu grZelvadiani RonisZiebebis Catareba,
romelic xels Seuwyobs turistebis xarisxian momsaxurebas.
sofeli ruisi mdebareobs Sida qarTlis vakeze, centralur
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saavtomobilo gzaze zRvis donidan 670 metrze, raionuli centridan 7 km.-ze.
ruisi qarTlis erT-erTi wamyvani eparqiis centri iyo, igi did rols
TamaSobda qveynis sulier da kulturul cxovrebaSi, ruisi rogorc eparqiis
centri pirvelad moxseniebulia me-V saukuneSi, Semdgom 1103 wlis ruis-
urbnisis saeklesio krebis ZeglisweraSi. sofelSi mdebareobs mravali
mniSvnelovani kulturuli Zegli, maTgan mniSvnelovania soflis centrSi
mdebare RvTismSoblis taZris kompleqsi, kompleqsSi Sedis:
RTismSoblis jvar-gumbaTovani taZari, romelSic gairCeva ramdenime
samSeneblo fena, romelTagan uZvelesi VIII-IX ss. ganekuTvneba. ruisSi
mdebareobs agreTve xarebis saxelobis taZari (adr. feod. xana), wm. demetres
taZari (feodaluri xana). RvTismSoblis taZari (Zveli feodaluri xana).
kviracxovlobis eklesia (XVII-XIXs).
urbnisi mdebareobs municipalitetis centridan 10 km.-is moSorebiT,
sofeli gaSenebulia Sua saukuneebis urbnisis naqalaqaris teritoriaze,
rogorc arqeologiuri gaTxrebi amtkicebs urbnisis aTviseba xalxma jer
kidev Zv.w. aR. - is II-I aTaswleulSi daiwyo. urbnisis mSvenebaa wm. stefanes
saxelobis samnaviani bazilika, urbnisis sionad wodebuli. taZris CrdiloeT
fasadze arsebuli asomTavruli warwerebi V-VI ss.-iT TariRdeba.31
yinwvisis samonastro kompleqsi qarelidan daaxloebiT 13 km. manZilze
Zamis ulamazes xeobaSi, sofel yinwvisTan mdebareobs. kompleqsi Sedgeba
ramdenime nagebobisagan. mTavar nagebobas warmoadgens wm. nikolozis
saxelobis centralurgumbaTovani taZari, romelic XII-XIII saukuneebis mijniT
TariRdeba. sofeli samwevrisi mdebareobs mtkvris marjvena napirze, raionuli
centridan daSorebulia 4,5 km.-iT, soflis siZveles adasturebs sofelSi
mdgari wminda jvris eklesia, romelic VII saukunis I naxevriT TariRdeba.
jvris monasterSi amJamad mamaTa, xolo cixe-darbazSi dedaTa monasteria.
gugomis (qozifas) xuroTmoZRvruli kompleqsi - mdebareobs Zamas xeobis
siRrmeSi, zRvis donidan 1400m.–ze. mTeli kompleqsi, romelSic 5 eklesia
Sedis ganlagebulia maRlob adgilas Suagul tyeSi. sarkis wm. giorgis sax.
monasteri - qarelidan daaxloebiT 12 km. manZilze samxreTiT, TrialeTis
31 http://www.shidakartli.gov.ge
176
qedis CrdiloeT ferdobze tyis SuagulSi mdebareobs sarkis ulamazesi
monasteri. amJamadac moqmedebs mamaTa monasteri. dirbis RvTismSoblis taZris
kompleqsi – mdebareobs sof. dirbSi raionuli centridan aRmosavleTiT 16 km.
manZilze. sof. dirbSi aris agreTve ramdenime eklesia- monasteri: wm. giorgis
zedajvris eklesia (Xs.), wm. giorgis eklesia (ganv. feod. xana), yvelawmindis
eklesia (XIXs.). [35]
qarelis municipalitetis teritoriaze mdebareobs ramdenime tba,
romelic mniSvnelovania, ekoturizmis, agroturizmis, sakempinge da
dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTarebisTvis. maTgan aRsaniSnavia bateTis
bunebrivi tba, oqrosoflisa da bebnisis xelovnuri tbebi. bateTis tba - md.
Zamas xeobis siRrmeSi, qarelis raionuli centridan daaxloebiT 23 km.–is
daSorebiT. md. Zamas marjvena napirze, wiflnar- TxilnariT Semosili
ferdobiT garSemortymul adgilze mdebareobs. igi mdebareobs zRvis donidan
1313 m. simaRleze. farTobi 2.65 ha. siRrme daaxloebiT 10-12 m. binadroben
amfibiebi da iSviaTi jiSis tritonebi. SesaZlebelia ekoturizmis, sakempinge
dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTareba. bebnisis ori tba - mdebareobs raionul
centrSi. qarelTan 1 km.–Si, sof. bebnisis teritoriaze. tbebi aris xelovnuri
warmoSobis. erTi tbis farTobia 7.34 ha. xolo meore – 4.9 ha. siRrme
daaxloebiT 5-6 m.–ia. SesaZlebelia gasarTobi, sanaosno, daivingis, saTevzao
da dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTareba. oqrosoflis xelovnuri tba -
raionuli centridan 12-13 km.–s manZilzea, farTobiT 1.36 ha. siRrme 3-4 m. tba
garSemortymulia tyiT, SesaZlebelia dasasvenebeli, sakempinge turizmis
ganviTareba. [35]
saukeTeso adgilebi qarelis municipalitetSi turistuli
infrastruqturis mosawyobad aris: md. xvedurulas xeoba e.w. wiTeli qvebis
CanCqeri, bebnisis tba, sof. ZaZvis monastris mimdebare teritoriebi, SoTas
wyaro, bateTis tba, orTubani da sxv.
goris da kaspis minicipalitetebSi Catarebuli SWOT analizis
analogiurad CavatareT qarelis municipalitetSi turizmis winaSe arsebuli
problemebis ukeT Seswavlis mizniT SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri da susti
mxareebis identifikacia da SevecadeT gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi da
177
mosalodneli safrTxeebi. SWOT analizis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda
municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis miznebisa da prioritetebis
formulireba, amasTan gaviTvaliswineT dasaxuli miznebis misarwevad susti
mxareebisa da SesaZlo safrTxeebis, maTi aRmofxvrisa da ganeitralebis
saWiro RonisZiebebi. SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi yovlismomcveli yofiliyo.
qvemoT mocemul cxrilsi warmodgenilia qarelis municipalitetis SWOT
analizi turizmis TvalsazrisiT:
Zlieri mxareebi – S
• qarelis municipalitetis
xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba (saerTaSoriso
saavtomobilo magistralTan
siaxlove);
• erovnuli mniSvnelobis
kulturuli da istoriuli
Zeglebis simravle da
rekreaciuli resursebis
mravalferovneba;
• mdidari bunebrivi resursebi:
mdinareebi, tbebi, lamazi
landSafti, bio-mravalferovneba,
Termuli wylebi da nayofieri
niadagi;
• ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba
(meRvineoba, mexileoba-mebaReoba
da mesaqonleoba);
• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
stumarTmoyvareoba;
• mravalferovani landSafti da
ekosistemebis
susti mxareebi _ W
• komfliqtur zonasTan
siaxlove;
• municipalitetis
satransporto periferiuli
gzebis mouwesrigebloba;
• turistuli infrastruqturis
simwire (sastumroebis
simwire, kvebis obieqtebis
aradamakmayofilebeli
standartebi da momsaxurebis
dabali done);
• municipalitetis turistuli
da sarekriacio
SesaZleblobebis
Seuswavleloba;
• turistuli momsaxurebis
arqona;
• SezRuduli adgilobrivi
finansuri da ucxouri
investiciebi.
• kvalificiuri kadrebis
simwire (Sesabamisi
178
nairsaxeoba;
• mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;
• tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis
kerebis simravle;
• municipalitetis teritoriaze
mdebareobs saerTaSoriso da
saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis gzebis
garkveuli monakveTi;
kvalifikaciis mqone gidebis
arasakmarisi raodenoba);
• q. qarelis ganviTarebis
generaluri gegmis
ararseboba;
• dazianebuli kulturuli
Zeglebi da obieqtebi;
SesaZleblobebi _ OO
• sastumro biznesis ganviTarebis
potenciali tbebis siaxloves;
• qarelis municipalitetis
sarekriacio-turistuli
potencialis kompleqsuri
Seswavla da misi
optimaluri gamoyenebisaTvis
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;
• qarelis municipalitetSi
sxvadasxva saxis turizmis
ganviTareba;
• turistuli infrastruqturis
axali obieqtebis sapiloto
proeqtebis damuSaveba;
• turizmisa da masTan
dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis
ganviTarebis gziT
municipalitetis popularizacia
da Sedegad adgilobrivi da
ucxouri investiciebisaTvis
safrTxeebi _ T
• konfliqtur regionSi
mdgomareobis daZabva;
• turistTa didi nakadebis
Sedegad garemos dabinZureba
da ekologiuri mdgomareobis
gauareseba;
• istoriul-kulturuli
memkvidreobis degradacia da
dakargva;
• turizmis calkeuli
segmentebis araTanmimdevruli,
qaoturi ganviTareba;
• araprofesiuli midgoma
(saproeqto praqtikis dabali
done da dabali
kvalifikaciis kadrebis
monawileoba istoriul
ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);
• ekonomikuri uTanasworobis
gazrda da periferiuli
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mimzidveli garemos Seqmna;
• adgilobrivi wvrili samewarmeo
saqmianobis ganviTareba (xelnakeTi
nivTebisa da suvenirebis warmoeba-
realizeba).
dasaxlebebis izolacia;
• araxelsayreli ekonomikuri
viTareba.
qarelis municipalitetis mimarT SWOT analizma gamoavlina turizmis
kuTxiT gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri mimarTulebebi, jer-
jerobiT aumoqmedebeli potenciali da realuri safrTxeebi. Cveni azriT,
miRebuli Sedegebi mniSvnelovania da igi SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
turizmis ganviTarebis SesamuSavebel qmedebaTa gegmas.
xaSuris municipaliteti - mdidaria kulturuli memkvidreobiT. aq
daaxloebiT 180 - mde Zeglia dafiqsirebuli. es istoriisa da kulturis
sxvadasxva drois kulturuli memkvidreobis nimuSebia. maT Soris:
xaSuris cixe-koSki - arqiteqturuli Zegli agebulia XVIII ss.-Si.
suramis koSki (sajvare) - arqiteqturuli Zegli mdebareobs itriis
dasavleTiT 100m.-ze. agebulia XVI-XVII ss. - Si. oTkuTxaa (4,45X4,3m.). nagebia
natexi riyis qviT.
suramis cixe - arqiteqturul-istoriuli Zegli mdebareobs dabis
samxreTiT md. suramulas napirze. kompleqsSi Sedis galavani, cixe, wm. giorgis
eklesia, sasaxle. cixe agebulia XII-XIII ss.- Si.32
daba surami - klimaturi tipis kurorti sulfiduri mineraluri wylebiT.
mdebareobs lixis qedis samxreT kalTebze, q. xaSuris Crd-das-iT 4 km.-ze ori
mniSvnelovani gzis gasayarze. zRvis donidan 900-1000 metrze. aq aris lesia
ukrainkas saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, me-11 saukunis istoriuli Zegli „suramis
cixe“ da eklesia. [35]
lesia ukrainkas saxl-muzeumi - istoriuli monumenturi Zegli. larisa
kosaCi (1871-1913) suramSi cxovrobda. amJamad moqmedi saxl-muzeumia, romelic
warmoadgens qarTvel da ukrainel xalxTa saukunebriv megobrobis Zegls.
32 http://www.shidakartli.gov.ge
180
dimitri yifianis saxl-muzeumi - istoriuli Zegli mdebareobs sof.
qviSxeTSi. agebulia XIX-XX ss, saxli orsarTuliania, meore sarTuli
Semkulia xis Wviruli ornamentebiT, 1933 wels saxli gadaeca mweralTa
kavSirs. amJamad iwodeba, rogorc d. yifianis saxl-muzeumi.
wminda marines saxelobis eklesia - eklesia aSenebulia XVI-XVII ss.-Si,
xolo SekeTebulia gvian feodalur xanaSi. darbazulia (10,4X6m.). nagebia riyis
qviTa da aguriT. fasadebze mkafiod Cans didi natexi qviT nawyobi ori
paraleluri sartyeli. kedeli miwidan sartyelamde riyis qvisaa, xolo mis
zemoT natexi qvis. aR. da das. fasadebze sarkmlebs zemoT gamoyvanilia TiTo
jvari.
kviracxovelis eklesia - arqiteqturuli Zegli mdebareobs dabis Crdilo-
dasavleTiT. agebulia 1998 wels. gumbaTovani eklesia samreklo (wminda
giorgis eklesia) - arqiteqturuli. Zegli dgas dabis Crdilo-aRmosavleT
nawilSi. TariRdeba XVIII-XIX ss.
lumbo - alis dasaxlebaSi Semavali sofelia. arqiteqturuli Zegli dgas
mdinare WeraTxevis xeobaSi, sofel alidan 15 km.-zea. ulumbos eklesia
RvTismSoblis saxeliTaa cnobili, Senobis samxreTis Sesasvlelis Tavze
mxedruli warwera migvaniSnebs, rom eklesia 1871 wels aRudgeniaT ulumbos
monastris adgilze. aq axla ulumbos mamaTa monasteria. [35]
qviSxeTi - klimato-balneologiuri kurorti sulfiduri wylis tipiT.
mdebareobs lixis qedis aRmosavleT kalTaze, zRvis donidan 730 metrze,
municipalitetis centridan daSorebulia 10 km.-iT. igi samTo klimaturi
kurortia, mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, Sefenilia lixis qedze.
igi mTlianad moqceulia wiwvovan-naZvnar da Sereuli tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTi
odidganve cnobilia sakurorto zonad. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs d. yifianis saxl-
muzeumi. dasvenebis periodia ivnisi, ivlisi da agvisto. teritoriaze mravlad
aris istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, eklesiebi.
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro finansuri resursebis mozidvis gzebi
– Sida qarTlSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro finansuri resursebis
akumulirebisaTvis ori gza gamoikveTa:
181
1. adgilobrivi finansebi – saxelmwifo buijeti da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis biujeti;
2. saerTaSoriso safinaso da donori organizaciebidan moziduli
finansebi.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebisaTvis
erT-erT uniSvnelovanes prioritets turizmis ganviTareba warmoadgens [15] da,
amasTan es misi kompetenciaa, miuxedavad imisa rom amisTvis arsebobs turizmis
erovnuli administracia, romelsac gaaCnia saxelmwifo biujetidan finansebis
moZiebis ZiriTadi berketi da Sida qarTlSi turizmis ganviTarebis
xelSewyobis unari, am mimarTebiT mas ufro meti moeTxoveba. turizmis
erovnulma administraciam unda uzrunvelyos:
• turizmis sainformacio centris dafinanseba;
• gamofenebis, simpoziumebis da sxva piar RonisZiebebis dagegmva,
Catareba da turistebis mozidva;
• saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis daintereseba turizmis
ganviTarebaSi resursebis CadebiT;
• saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi daniSnulebis obieqtebis movla-patronoba
da am obieqtebze meti resursebis daxarjva.
marTalia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kompetencias ar ganekuTvneba
turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, municipalitetis biujetidan ar SeiZleba
pirdapiri gziT turizmis ganviTarebis dafinanseba, magram municipalitets
warmatebiT SeuZlia daafinansos turizmis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi, kerZod
ganaviTaros Semdegi adgilobrivi infrastruqtura:
• SeakeTos da ganaaxlos misasvleli gzebi turistul obieqtebamde;
• aRWurvos gzebi moniSvnebiT da maCveneblebiT;
• permanentulad ganaxorcielos narCenebis gatana;
• turistuli marSrutebi da turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebi
uzrunvelyos gare ganaTebiT.
municipalitetebs bunebrivia turizmidan arapirdapiri sargebeli eqneba
da es unda iyos swored misi turizmiT dainteresebis umTavresi safuZveli:
ganviTarebuli turizmi aviTarebs sastumroebs, kvebis obieqtebs da turizmTan
182
dakavSirebul sxva seqtorebs, romlebic qonebis gadasaxads gadaixdian
municipalitetis biujetSi.
regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis mizniT centralurma xelisuflebam
adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan erTad, aucilebelia daaintereson
saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebi regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis
gamravalferovnebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi
RonisZiebebis gatareba: Seiswavlon donori organizaciebis prioritetebi da
gaakeTon konkretuli SeTavazebebi proeqtebis saxiT, raTa donorebma
daafinanson calkeuli RonisZiebebi; mniSvnelovania regionSi saCvenebeli
turis mowyoba turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebSi, sadac dainteresebuli
donori organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT adgilze
gaecnon regionis turistul potencials da sxv.
183
daskvna da rekomendaciebi
Sida qarTlis regionis turistuli potencialis analizma, vizitorTa
azris gamosakiTxad Catarebulma anketurma kvlevam, aseve, foკus-jgufebTan da
mosaxleobasTan interviuebma dagvanaxa, rom mxareSi sakmaodaa gadasawყveti
problemebi, auTvisebeli materialuri, SromiTi da finansuri resursebi
turizmis gansaviTareblad. amasTan dakavSirebiT gamoikveTa Semdegi
RonisZiebebis gatarebis aucilebloba:
• Sida qarTlis calkeul municipalitetebSi detalurad unda aRiricxos
arsebuli bunebrivi da kulturuli obieqtebi, materialur-teqnikuri
monacemTa baza, romlis safuZvelzec unda Seiqmnas turizmis ganviTarebis
perspeqtiuli strategiuli gegma;
• mxaris turizmis materialur, SromiTi da finansuri resursebis
mizanmimarTulad gamosayeneblad, unda mowesrigdes calkeuli
municipalitetebis mixedviT statistikuri monacemebis aRricxvis wesi.
• turizmis ganviTarebis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri efeqtis
misaRebad saWiroa calkeul municipalitetebSi resursebis gadanawileba da
maTi potencialis optimalurad gamoyeneba.
• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis erTeulebSi calkeuli
municipalitetebis cxovrebis donis gamosaTanabreblad da turizmis
infrastruqturis (ZeglebTan misasvleli gzebis, sastumroebis, saojaxo
sastumroebis da a.S.) gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa regionuli politikis
dagegmva, uflebamosilebebis da pasuxismgeblobebis ganawileba adgilobriv
doneze. aseve infrastruqturuli proeqtebis gansaviTareblad dafinansebis
Siga da gare wyaroebis mozidva;
• turistebisაTvis adgilobrivi, ekologiurad sufTa produqtebis
misawodeblad yuradReba unda mieqces calkeul municipalitetSi agrაruli
seqtoris ganviTarebas, kerZod sarwyav sistemebs da irigacias;
184
• droul yuradRebas saWiroebs municipalitetebis kulturul-istoriul-
arqiteqturul ZeglebTan misasvleli Sida gzebis mowesrigeba, gzebze
piqtogramebis dayeneba, aseve sanitaruli kvanZebis mowyoba;
• qarelis, kaspis da xaSuris municipalitetebSi saojaxo sastumroebis
mosawyobad, unda aRiweros sastumros Sesaferisi mosaxleobis kuTvnili
Senobebi. Aadgilobrivi municipalitetis xelmZRvaneloba unda daexmaros
mosaxleobas როგორც iafi kreditis miRebaSi, aseve saWiro instruqtaJisa da
swavlebis TvalsazrisiT;
• aucilebelia dedaqalaqsa da Sida qarTlis turobieqtebs Soris
koordinaciisა da urTierTkavSiris dasamyareblad ormxrivi mimarTulebiT
turistuli nakadebis warmarTva, aseve oTxive municipalitetSi Seiqmnas
turistuli saagentoebi an turistuli centrebi, romlebic turistebs
daexmareba municipalitetebშi arebuli Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobebis
dasaTvaliereblad, aseve saojao sastumroebSi gansaTavseblad;
• Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebul umaRles saswavleblebSi, kolejebsa
Tu profesiul saswavleblebSi aucilebelia, swavlებიs xarisxis gaumjobeseba
rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo, ise turizmis mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT ucxo
enebis gaZlierebuli swavleba, agreTve, Tanamedrove moTxovnebze agebuli
programebis SemuSaveba da potenciur damsaqmeblebTan aqtiuri komunikacia da
koordinacia. aseve saWiroa TanamSromloba Sesabamis biznes seqtoris
warmomadgenlebTan, ucxoel eqspertebTan da kursdamTavrebulTa staJireba
Sesabamisi sferos dawesebulebებSi;
• Sida qarTlis mTliani teritoria mdidaria aramarto istoriul-
kulturuli ZeglebiT, aramed ulamazesi landSaftiTa da bunebiT, sadac
aucilebelia e.w. kempingebis mowyoba, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba
Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT, sadac Camosul turistebs saSualeba eqnebaT
miiRon Sesabamisi servisebi;
• Sida qarTlis yvela municipalitetSi mosawesrigebelia dasufTavebis da
sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana, რაც gansakuTrebiT mwvave problemaa soflis
mosaxleobisTvis;
185
• didi turistuli potencialis mqone Sida qarTlis regionis TiTqmis
yvela municipalitetSi SesaZlebelia ganviTardes turizmis iseTi
mimarTulebebi, rogoricaa: samkurnalo turizmi, ekologiuri da kulturuli
turizmi, eqstremaluri turizmi, soflis turizmi, Rvinis, piligrimuli da
arqeologiuri turizmi, aseve eqstremaluri turizmi. amisaTvis saWiroa iseTi
turistuli operatorebisa da saagentoebis Seqmna, romlebic izruneben
turizmis aRniSnuli mimarTulebebis mixedviT turistuli marSrutebis
Seqmnaze, rogorc Sida, ise ucxoeli turistebisTvis.
• meti Zalisxmevaa saWiro sainformacio servisebis ganviTarebis,
personalis profesionalizmis amaRlebis kuTxiT. aucilebelia kavSirebis
gaZliereba saxelmwifo, kerZo seqtorsa da saganmanaTleblo institutebs
Soris, rac saSualebas mogvcems movamzadoT Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis kadrebi
am mimarTulebiT;
• yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ekonomikuri, miwaTsargeblobis da zonebad
dayofis, infrastruqturis, usafrTxoebis, socialuri servisebis ganviTarebis
sakiTxebze. turizmis industriis interdisciplinaruli xasiaTidan
gamomdinare, obieqtur aucileblobas warmoadgens dagegmvis procesSi
sxvadasxva profesiis specialistebis CarTva, magaliTad, ekonomistebi,
marketologebi, landSaftis dizainerebis, sociologebis, adamianuri
resursebis menejerebis, ekologebis, arqiteqtorebis, arqeologebis da sxva;
• Sida qarTlis regions ar uWiravs konkretuli niSa Sida turizmis
kuTxiT. igi erTnairad mimzidvelia sxvadasxva asakis, Semosavlebisa da
ganaTlebis mqone adamianebisTvis. amis fonze, logikuria rom adgilobrivi da
mozobeli regionebis macxovreblebi warmoadgenen ZiriTad vizitorebs.
gamoyenebulma modelma kidev erTxel daadastura is xarisxobrivi mignebebi
rasac exeba aRniSnuli sadisertacio naSromi.
186
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193
turistebis anketuri gamokiTxva danarTi #1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ doqtoranti valeri arRuTaSvili / Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti 2015
1. Tqveni asaki
------------------------------------
2. sqesi
------------------------------------
3. gamokiTxvis adgili
------------------------------------
4. gamokiTxulTa Semadgenloba rezidenti/ararezidenti
-----------------------------------
5. vizitis mizani
❖ qarTuli samzareulo da Rvino
❖ istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglebi
❖ sturaTmoyvareoba
❖ buneba da mTebi
❖ sxva 6. turizmis romel saxeobas aniWebT upiratesobas?
❖ kulturuli turizmi
❖ ekoturizmi
❖ saTavgadasavlo turizmi
❖ piligrimuli turizmi
❖ sxva 7. Tqveni vizitis xangrZlivoba regionSi
❖ 1 dRe
❖ 2-3 dRe
❖ 1 kvira
❖ sxva 8. sad apirebT Ramis gaTenebas?
❖ saojaxo sastumroSi
❖ sastumroSi
❖ sakempinge adgilze karvebiT
❖ jer ar gadamiwyvetia
❖ dedaqalaqSi
❖ sxva 9. ramdenad damakmayofilebelia turistuli infrastruqtura regionSi?
194
❖ Zalian kargi
❖ kargi
❖ saSualo
❖ cudi
❖ Zalian cudi
❖ sxva 10. CamoTvaleT 2 ZiriTadi SeniSvna turistul infrastuqturaze da
momsaxurebis xarisxze
1. ---------------------------------
2.----------------------------------
11. ris gamosworebas urCevdiT turistuli momsaxurebis mimwodeblebs regionSi?
(sastumro, restorani da sxv.).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. vin girCiaT gorSi Camosvla?
❖ turistulma kompanian
❖ internetSi moviZie informacia
❖ megobrama
❖ sxva
13. gauwevT Tu ara rekomendacias qalaq gors rogorc turistul daniSnulebis
adgils?
diax ara
14. romeli turistuli obieqtebi daaTvaliereT, an apirebT rom daTvalieroT?
❖ stalinis saxl-muzeumi
❖ goris cixe
❖ ufliscixe
❖ atenis sioni
❖ sxva
15. apirebT Tu ara Sida qarTlis sxva qalaqis (kaspi, qareli, xaSuri)
daTvalierebas?
❖ diax
❖ ara
❖ ar maqvs informacia
16. gegmavT Tu ara ganmeorebiT Camosvlas gorSi?
195
❖ diax
❖ ara
❖ jer ar momifiqrebia
❖ sxva
196
turistuli momsaxurebis potenciuri mimwodeblebis kiTxvari danarTi #2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ doqtoranti valeri arRuTaSvili / Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti 2015
1. isurvebdiT Tu ara, rom Tqveni municipalitetis RirsSesaniSnaobebi CarTuli iyos
regionis saeqskursio marSrutebSi?
diax ara
2. xarT Tu ara mzad SesTavazoT sakuTari saxli turists Ramis gasaTevad?
diax ara
3. saojaxo sastumros mosawyobad finansuri daxmarebisaTvis vis mimarTavT?
❖ adgilobriv municipalitets
❖ adgilobriv banks
❖ sakuTar biujets
4. ramdeni adamianisgan Sedgeba Tqveni ojaxi?
-------------------
5. gaqvT Tua ra SesaZlebloba turists SesTavazoT adgilobrivi nawarmi, xelnakeTi
nivTebi?
diax ara